16
HE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE.
tElic Btiian ;;c
.
JANUARY,
*
;'
?
I ?alette.
[January, 1885. taken to isolate the sick and
at once
measures were
disinfect all suspected infective material, and in
5.
did
case
the disease
spread
to
with its
1884. At
with
custom
into
a
weave
coherent whole the scattered incidents of the
subjects which
discussed in their
have been
pages. The opportunities and aims of an Indian medical journal being necessarily much more restric-
ted,
I
ourselves
must content
we
the
the
on
Volume of this
19th
another year with
a
completion
of
the close
of
and
Jcurnal passing glance
at
those
matters
special medical interest and progress that more
o^
imme-
concerned India.
diately
a year of year 1884, on the whole, was With India. of for the people peace and prosperity Zhob the exception of the Aka and countries,
also
along
reigned
punitive expeditions partook
of
more
sent
the
to
by any quietude
remarkable
the
denced
by
the easy
even
And
serious encounter. of
the
of hostile demonsis
Afghanistan
penetration
Demarcation Commission
and
these countries
nature
trations unattended
borders,
our
of
our
evi-
semi-scientific
to the northern
frontiers of
that country. For a time, fears were entertained that deficient rainfall in certain parts of the empire would occasion partial scarcity ; but these fears were for-
tunately rain.
more or
less
The material
testified
by
to
Exhibition
the institution
of
an
International
Calcutta.
at
Although
dissipated by a further fall of prosperity of the country was
an
of
small-pox swept over the country, and cholera, in the early part of the year, was for a time unusually prevalent over a large tract of the land, the year 1884 cannot be regarded as having been an unusually unhealthy year. The
Europe, following previous
cordons
of
cholera,
European
and to India
as
the
of the scourge. The attempt at prethe spread of the disease by means of sanitary was once more a
hand, the efficacy
sanitation were
subject
of the
Egyptian epidemic
source
venting other
after the
year, directed the attention of the
powers to the
alleged
wave
outbreak of cholera in the South of
severe
was
by large
signal
failure ;
of cleanliness
apparent to everyone.
constantly arriving at English ports,
whilst, and
on
the
efficient
Cholera-ships where prompt
in that it has been fol-
continental
disease. The
leading
medical feature of the year, and
one
which has attracted almost universal attention, has
undoubtedly been the progress of the investigations As into the nature of the materies morbi of cholera.
regards the setiology of cholera, the year which has just closed began with great expectations. For so celebrated an observer as Dr. Koch was prosecuting in
India,
under the most favorable
circumstances,
a
terium which seemed disease.
Ultimately
to bear a
found
a
had
he
; and
specific micro-organism already expressed a belief that he had
a
bac-
causal relation to ths
the confident declaration
came
that in the comma-bacillus Dr. Koch had discovered the undoubted
assertion, however, fragmentary and inconclusive evidence which he brought forward, After and remained simply an unproven hypothesis. the German Commission came the English Cholera Commission under Dr. Klein, F.R.S., the most not
was
cause
of cholera. This
all warranted
at
and
England,
whose
one
on
the
and bacterial researcher in
accomplished histologist
sympathies
are
in
entire
and the germ enthusiasts. This Commission has controverted most of Koch's elemen-
accord with Koch
tary facts, and established beyond doubt the nonpathological nature of the comma-bacillus. These later
epidemic
life,
epidemic
a
search for
The
peace
those
and to summarise and comment upon the
past year, many
to
English contemporaries
our
loss of
severe
general attempt at active sanitation in cities, which have hitherto, by their notoriously dirty condition, courted epidemic lowed
the commencement of another year, it is the
enormous
shore.
on
persons
One good result has flowed from this
no
discovered another bacillus which
observers
bears
a more
disease
intimate
histological
than the comma-bacillus ;
discovered bacillus
non-pathogenic. during the year,
shown
been
to the
has
but this newly
Dr. Klein to be also
beginning
acquired in essential pathology
in the direction of
more
the
What has
the little which has been
tributions
to
by really been achieved, then, failed utterly to come up to the
was
formed at the
expectations
relation
of the year, and the way of conof cholera has
negative
than
positive
information. It is the
prevailing fashion of the present day to origin to all specific and infective diseases. Every week teemed with announcements of alleged facts and discoveries, regarding the connecattribute
a
bacterial
tion of minute organisms with disease.
The most
January, 1885.]
1884.
doubtful and debated points are taken widely for granted, and with a lamentable freedom the most illoinferences
gical
are
at once assumed on
demonstrated facts.
inadequately
As
examples of the very great diflerence of opinion that prevails among skilled observers, in regard to those minute organisms known
bacteria, we have Drs. tradicting M. Pasteur's
as
Koch and Klein
directly con-
observations in connection
with the bacillus -of anthrax; Dr, Klein and others have shown the pneumo-coccus of Friedliinder to be identical with that found in pyaemia, and that innoculations with the micro-coccus produced septicaemia and not
pneumonia;
fever
have
and the so-called microbes of
been
shown
Thus, with
pathogenic.
whole aspect of the germ
the year to be
during theory is
non-
exceptions, the
two
one or
yellow
at the
present time
controversial.
Amongst the more solid heads of advance in practiduring the year, has been the progress
cal medicine
of abdominal surgery and
viscera,
the latest
feature of the year
tumour of the
a
was
brain.
A novel
the institution of the Health
London, which must have served as aid in the important work of educational valuable
Exhibition a
of which has been the
development
successful removal of
interference with
operative
directing
at
the attention of the
of sanitation. a more
work,
In this country interest
general and
masses
that
a
is
public
to the
we are
being
glad
Health
sanitary
Society
has been
thalmic surgery, and appears destined to rank as one of the most valuable agents in ophthalmic surgery, in and as a local application in neuralgias.
dentistry,
Service, the most real and the junior members have been
In the Indian Medical
for
Dublin.
The
measures
year, thanks
to the
Mr.
M.
P.
reducing
the
Gibson,
taken for
unemployed medical officers has been efficacious, and the pay of unemployed officers has now been approximated to the grade pay of officers number of
of the British Medical Service. 1 he British Medical Service has
changes during
the year.
As
an
e
outcome
great of Lord
Mving
the
on
Egyptian
have been issued with the
of c'';-.sf.ii?:.-ciistill
r'urther the
department. Arm;, Hospital Corp:; is strengthened and placed entirely under the command of the medical officers, and the position of the medical officer with regard to other army officials is much enhanced. With these alterations, the designation of the departThe ment is changed to that of the Medical Staff. to Surgeonof for examination promotion system
object The
re-introduced, and a formidable examination instituted for Surgeons-Major wishing to proceed
Major also to a
is
Brigade-Surgeonship. The undoubtedly be
examination wiU
effect of this latter to
hinder the promo-
tion of many Surgeons-Major, who would otherwise have received their promotion. To give officers of the of chance ability distinguishing themselves however, it is necessary that ample leave for this special study should be granted to every Surgeon-Major who To be able to
for it.
applies strength
this
give
leave,
the
of the Medical Staff must be increased
con-
its present limits ; but there is as evidence of any intention to increase the
siderably beyond yet
no
It is
number of officers.
examinations will
soon
likely
that these
be made
promotion
applicable
to
the
death
during the year were SurBengal Service, Cody geons-Major of the Bombay Army Service, and Surgeon Rogers of And in the British the Madras Medical College. Service, Surgeon-Major Mark Anthony and Surgeons Hickman and J. O'B. Curtin. by
H. S. Smith of the
The scheme for the medical education of
is
being actively developed
to the was as
to
during or department
to
which
Bombay Medical Service British Medical Service Assistant Surgeons
Apothecary
Class
...
...
38
...
...
10
...
3
...
...
12
...
...
18
...
....
Hospital Assistants Uncovenanted Medical Officers ...
are
members
according they belong,
:?
Bengal Medical Service Madras Medical Service
Others
Med-
the Indian
the past year, classified
service
follows
women
in all three Presidencies.
The number of contributors ical Gazette
We
undergone
foli
regulations
Campaign,
The casualties
large number of new remedies have been introOf particular Indian interest duced during the year. is the alleged efficacy of the cotton-plant root in Couterine therapeutics, and of Jamiin in diabetes. caine hydrochlorate has attracted much attention in England and America as a local anaesthetic in oph-
grievances effectively remedied during the persistent and able advocacy of
>mUu
to see that
A
of
'
Indian Service also.
established in Calcutta.
serious
Morley's C
advantages in
taken
17
...
pleased to
...
see
of the British
creased in numbers.
...
...
...
10 n
7 22
that the contributions from
Medical Service have inWe should be glad, however, to
J NT DI AN MEDICAL GAZETTE.
receive
more
substantia literal / auppo:-
the sister
rom
Presidencies.
Amongst the valuable the year,
during of
of
cases
which
direction
Wolfenden's
ibiitio:;--
is
a
-y cal
:
and
Freyer
Drs.
by
to our pages
rilliant series
would Blanco tlv
Lithokv1-. ;?
who have each secured
Keegan, this
we
cor.-
success
in
Dr.
quite phenomenal;
report of his investigations into Dr. Richard's experiments regarding ?
cobra-poison; chemical poison of choleraic alvine discharges; Dr. Fischer's exposition on the culture of micro-organisms ; the bacterial investigation regarding the poison of abrus or goonch seeds; the notes on the chemical principal of Indian Hemp and Indian Liquorice seeds; Dr. Willcock's extensive records of successful ophthalmic work ; Dr. Harvey's series of
of abdominal section
cases
records of not
:
and
had leisure
to
ments, but
regarding which we avail opportunity to express, on behalf of cordial
aided
of
acknowledgment
manner
in which
us
other
many
solid work, for which we have tender individual acknowledge-
painstaking
in
our
and
our
the
numerous
keeping alight
science in the East ;
ourselves of this
readers,
contributors of
the
A Happy New Year.
to
us
have
medicai
lamp confidently trusting
similar valuable aid will be extended future, we wish our readers
our
practical
very
in
that the
[January, 1885.
HE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE.
tElic Btiian ;;c
.
JANUARY,
*
;'
?
I ?alette.
[January, 1885. taken to isolate the sick and
at once
measures were
disinfect all suspected infective material, and in
5.
did
case
the disease
spread
to
with its
1884. At
with
custom
into
a
weave
coherent whole the scattered incidents of the
subjects which
discussed in their
have been
pages. The opportunities and aims of an Indian medical journal being necessarily much more restric-
ted,
I
ourselves
must content
we
the
the
on
Volume of this
19th
another year with
a
completion
of
the close
of
and
Jcurnal passing glance
at
those
matters
special medical interest and progress that more
o^
imme-
concerned India.
diately
a year of year 1884, on the whole, was With India. of for the people peace and prosperity Zhob the exception of the Aka and countries,
also
along
reigned
punitive expeditions partook
of
more
sent
the
to
by any quietude
remarkable
the
denced
by
the easy
even
And
serious encounter. of
the
of hostile demonsis
Afghanistan
penetration
Demarcation Commission
and
these countries
nature
trations unattended
borders,
our
of
our
evi-
semi-scientific
to the northern
frontiers of
that country. For a time, fears were entertained that deficient rainfall in certain parts of the empire would occasion partial scarcity ; but these fears were for-
tunately rain.
more or
less
The material
testified
by
to
Exhibition
the institution
of
an
International
Calcutta.
at
Although
dissipated by a further fall of prosperity of the country was
an
of
small-pox swept over the country, and cholera, in the early part of the year, was for a time unusually prevalent over a large tract of the land, the year 1884 cannot be regarded as having been an unusually unhealthy year. The
Europe, following previous
cordons
of
cholera,
European
and to India
as
the
of the scourge. The attempt at prethe spread of the disease by means of sanitary was once more a
hand, the efficacy
sanitation were
subject
of the
Egyptian epidemic
source
venting other
after the
year, directed the attention of the
powers to the
alleged
wave
outbreak of cholera in the South of
severe
was
by large
signal
failure ;
of cleanliness
apparent to everyone.
constantly arriving at English ports,
whilst, and
on
the
efficient
Cholera-ships where prompt
in that it has been fol-
continental
disease. The
leading
medical feature of the year, and
one
which has attracted almost universal attention, has
undoubtedly been the progress of the investigations As into the nature of the materies morbi of cholera.
regards the setiology of cholera, the year which has just closed began with great expectations. For so celebrated an observer as Dr. Koch was prosecuting in
India,
under the most favorable
circumstances,
a
terium which seemed disease.
Ultimately
to bear a
found
a
had
he
; and
specific micro-organism already expressed a belief that he had
a
bac-
causal relation to ths
the confident declaration
came
that in the comma-bacillus Dr. Koch had discovered the undoubted
assertion, however, fragmentary and inconclusive evidence which he brought forward, After and remained simply an unproven hypothesis. the German Commission came the English Cholera Commission under Dr. Klein, F.R.S., the most not
was
cause
of cholera. This
all warranted
at
and
England,
whose
one
on
the
and bacterial researcher in
accomplished histologist
sympathies
are
in
entire
and the germ enthusiasts. This Commission has controverted most of Koch's elemen-
accord with Koch
tary facts, and established beyond doubt the nonpathological nature of the comma-bacillus. These later
epidemic
life,
epidemic
a
search for
The
peace
those
and to summarise and comment upon the
past year, many
to
English contemporaries
our
loss of
severe
general attempt at active sanitation in cities, which have hitherto, by their notoriously dirty condition, courted epidemic lowed
the commencement of another year, it is the
enormous
shore.
on
persons
One good result has flowed from this
no
discovered another bacillus which
observers
bears
a more
disease
intimate
histological
than the comma-bacillus ;
discovered bacillus
non-pathogenic. during the year,
shown
been
to the
has
but this newly
Dr. Klein to be also
beginning
acquired in essential pathology
in the direction of
more
the
What has
the little which has been
tributions
to
by really been achieved, then, failed utterly to come up to the
was
formed at the
expectations
relation
of the year, and the way of conof cholera has
negative
than
positive
information. It is the
prevailing fashion of the present day to origin to all specific and infective diseases. Every week teemed with announcements of alleged facts and discoveries, regarding the connecattribute
a
bacterial
tion of minute organisms with disease.
The most
January, 1885.]
1884.
doubtful and debated points are taken widely for granted, and with a lamentable freedom the most illoinferences
gical
are
at once assumed on
demonstrated facts.
inadequately
As
examples of the very great diflerence of opinion that prevails among skilled observers, in regard to those minute organisms known
bacteria, we have Drs. tradicting M. Pasteur's
as
Koch and Klein
directly con-
observations in connection
with the bacillus -of anthrax; Dr, Klein and others have shown the pneumo-coccus of Friedliinder to be identical with that found in pyaemia, and that innoculations with the micro-coccus produced septicaemia and not
pneumonia;
fever
have
and the so-called microbes of
been
shown
Thus, with
pathogenic.
whole aspect of the germ
the year to be
during theory is
non-
exceptions, the
two
one or
yellow
at the
present time
controversial.
Amongst the more solid heads of advance in practiduring the year, has been the progress
cal medicine
of abdominal surgery and
viscera,
the latest
feature of the year
tumour of the
a
was
brain.
A novel
the institution of the Health
London, which must have served as aid in the important work of educational valuable
Exhibition a
of which has been the
development
successful removal of
interference with
operative
directing
at
the attention of the
of sanitation. a more
work,
In this country interest
general and
masses
that
a
is
public
to the
we are
being
glad
Health
sanitary
Society
has been
thalmic surgery, and appears destined to rank as one of the most valuable agents in ophthalmic surgery, in and as a local application in neuralgias.
dentistry,
Service, the most real and the junior members have been
In the Indian Medical
for
Dublin.
The
measures
year, thanks
to the
Mr.
M.
P.
reducing
the
Gibson,
taken for
unemployed medical officers has been efficacious, and the pay of unemployed officers has now been approximated to the grade pay of officers number of
of the British Medical Service. 1 he British Medical Service has
changes during
the year.
As
an
e
outcome
great of Lord
Mving
the
on
Egyptian
have been issued with the
of c'';-.sf.ii?:.-ciistill
r'urther the
department. Arm;, Hospital Corp:; is strengthened and placed entirely under the command of the medical officers, and the position of the medical officer with regard to other army officials is much enhanced. With these alterations, the designation of the departThe ment is changed to that of the Medical Staff. to Surgeonof for examination promotion system
object The
re-introduced, and a formidable examination instituted for Surgeons-Major wishing to proceed
Major also to a
is
Brigade-Surgeonship. The undoubtedly be
examination wiU
effect of this latter to
hinder the promo-
tion of many Surgeons-Major, who would otherwise have received their promotion. To give officers of the of chance ability distinguishing themselves however, it is necessary that ample leave for this special study should be granted to every Surgeon-Major who To be able to
for it.
applies strength
this
give
leave,
the
of the Medical Staff must be increased
con-
its present limits ; but there is as evidence of any intention to increase the
siderably beyond yet
no
It is
number of officers.
examinations will
soon
likely
that these
be made
promotion
applicable
to
the
death
during the year were SurBengal Service, Cody geons-Major of the Bombay Army Service, and Surgeon Rogers of And in the British the Madras Medical College. Service, Surgeon-Major Mark Anthony and Surgeons Hickman and J. O'B. Curtin. by
H. S. Smith of the
The scheme for the medical education of
is
being actively developed
to the was as
to
during or department
to
which
Bombay Medical Service British Medical Service Assistant Surgeons
Apothecary
Class
...
...
38
...
...
10
...
3
...
...
12
...
...
18
...
....
Hospital Assistants Uncovenanted Medical Officers ...
are
members
according they belong,
:?
Bengal Medical Service Madras Medical Service
Others
Med-
the Indian
the past year, classified
service
follows
women
in all three Presidencies.
The number of contributors ical Gazette
We
undergone
foli
regulations
Campaign,
The casualties
large number of new remedies have been introOf particular Indian interest duced during the year. is the alleged efficacy of the cotton-plant root in Couterine therapeutics, and of Jamiin in diabetes. caine hydrochlorate has attracted much attention in England and America as a local anaesthetic in oph-
grievances effectively remedied during the persistent and able advocacy of
>mUu
to see that
A
of
'
Indian Service also.
established in Calcutta.
serious
Morley's C
advantages in
taken
17
...
pleased to
...
see
of the British
creased in numbers.
...
...
...
10 n
7 22
that the contributions from
Medical Service have inWe should be glad, however, to
J NT DI AN MEDICAL GAZETTE.
receive
more
substantia literal / auppo:-
the sister
rom
Presidencies.
Amongst the valuable the year,
during of
of
cases
which
direction
Wolfenden's
ibiitio:;--
is
a
-y cal
:
and
Freyer
Drs.
by
to our pages
rilliant series
would Blanco tlv
Lithokv1-. ;?
who have each secured
Keegan, this
we
cor.-
success
in
Dr.
quite phenomenal;
report of his investigations into Dr. Richard's experiments regarding ?
cobra-poison; chemical poison of choleraic alvine discharges; Dr. Fischer's exposition on the culture of micro-organisms ; the bacterial investigation regarding the poison of abrus or goonch seeds; the notes on the chemical principal of Indian Hemp and Indian Liquorice seeds; Dr. Willcock's extensive records of successful ophthalmic work ; Dr. Harvey's series of
of abdominal section
cases
records of not
:
and
had leisure
to
ments, but
regarding which we avail opportunity to express, on behalf of cordial
aided
of
acknowledgment
manner
in which
us
other
many
solid work, for which we have tender individual acknowledge-
painstaking
in
our
and
our
the
numerous
keeping alight
science in the East ;
ourselves of this
readers,
contributors of
the
A Happy New Year.
to
us
have
medicai
lamp confidently trusting
similar valuable aid will be extended future, we wish our readers
our
practical
very
in
that the
[January, 1885.
