A 24-h energy and nonobese Benjamin
Buemann,
ABSTRACT and substrate chamber (BMI
in
1 5 reduced-obese Two
Astrup,
Joop
were
energy studied
(BMI experiments
1 ) women.
/3-blockade
placebo.
difference nonobese 24-h
Arne
Twenty-four-hour oxidation rates
20.
=
in which with
expenditure study on reduced-obese women: effect of fl-blockade13
was
When
by propranolol
in 24-h EE was found between groups in placebo experiments.
EE by 2.7%
in the
reduced-obese
During
daytime,
oxidation
lipid
increased
Propranolol
and
in fat-free
no
the reduced-obese and Propranolol reduced group
oxidation
was
fasting
glycerol
and
obese obese
subjects group.
relation weight
whereas Moreover,
RQ was markedly higher Zurlo et al (9) observed
between 24-h RQ and fat mass in Pima
We
compared
rates
with
subjects of being
24-h
and
EE and
without
with a group overweight.
Subjects
and
free fatty
concen-
Subject
characteristics
are
Eight
nonobese
women
were
recruited
as control
energy expensubstrate oxi-
dation
their with
Introduction
energy normal
been
reduction that may
of obesity. postobese
EE has been reported in a control group (1).
Twenty-four-h subjects than to be slightly
found
subjects obesity.
present
in the
some authors
may
combustion. sate for this
subjects spiratory ments. 662
subjects of meal after
found
in postobese
Obesity
culation surate
have
(reduced contribute
obese ideal
body
normal
subjects
Elevation deficiency
state
tissue lipid
and
(8) found
a similar
shown
in Table
was
46
y of
without
any history
subjects,
age
and
seven
were
excluded
and
ofbeing were
nonobese
The weight group
group.
Seven
overweight (BMI =
(BMI 27.9).
was
calculated previous
on the maximal
overweight One
reduced-
because of anticonceptive to fill in a questionnaire
none
of the
of the >
treatabout
medical history. Women that might influence mesubjects
were
reduced-obese
25).
BMI
basis
of measured
weight.
All but
involved
Body mass index women than in subjects
were
27
in one
exceeded
reduced-obese subjects were interviewed history. Previous maximal BMI in the
reported
pre-
premenopausal
postmenopausal.
present drug intake and previous any disease or taking medication
still slightly subject only
1 . Fifteen
about their reduced-obese height
one
subject
and
self-
had
ex-
by
thermogenesis ability
for fat
mass may compenrelease into the cirto a level commento oxidize lipid
in
for weight gain would mean a higher re(RQ) on standardized respiratory measureiames
history
has been achieved
a decreased
and hence accelerate fat oxidation with fat intake. A reduced capacity
Lean
observed
(6, 7). of
any
reduced-obese women were recruited by anon television and by advertising in a newspaper. they underwent a general medical examination.
woman was amenorrheic The subjects were asked
tabolism
the
in postobese
has been
diet-induced
ofthe adipose by promoting
without
any programs involving heavy exercise. (BMI) was significantly higher in reduced-obese
to be lower in Resting EE has
(3-5),
weight
oxidation
of reduced-obese
in
without a predisposition for or glucose-induced thermo-
be a consequence
predisposed quotient
on
obese) to elucidate to the development
(2), or similar
manifest
to persist
(2, 4). Others (DIT)
lower
compared with The impairment
genesis
performed
(EE) in formerly obese subjects in whom achieved (postobese) or on obese subjects
expenditure weight was
after a substantial weight metabolic abnormalities
been
one
but obese ment.
recently
lipid
body
Subjects
subjects.
acid
f3-blockade, catecholamines, obesity, propranolol, lipolysis,
has
subjects
in
methods
KEY WORDS diture, glycerol,
of research
and
in a group
of nonobese
menopausal nouncement Before entry
amount
increase
carbohydrate
/3-blockade
trations in both groups. Beta-blockade seems to have little effect on sedentary 24-h EE but may have a suppressing effect on lipid combustion. Am J C/in Nutr l992;56:662-70.
A great
and subsequent Indians.
in a reduceda positive cor-
carbohydrate
in the nonobese
and
Christensen
no reduc-
whereas
reduced
only
fuel
one
mass,
group. A positive correlation was concentration and lipid oxidation.
by propranolol
reduced
Niels
expenditure (EE) in a respiration
for differences
tion was seen in the nonobese found between fasting glycerol
and
24.7) and 8 nonobese were performed, one
=
introduced
adjusted
Madsen,
24-h
RQ
in lean
Am J C/in Nutr
and
I From Veterinary Medicine
ical Physiology 2
Supported
Council
grant
C, Panum
by the 13-4189
Institute,
Danish and
University
Veterinary
ofCopenhagen,
and
Agricultural
Denmark.
Research
13-4273.
3 Address reprint requests to B Buemann, Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 25 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Received September 30, 1991. Accepted for publication April 20, 1992.
1992;56:662-70.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/4/662/4715556 by guest on 30 March 2018
the Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal and Agricultural University: the Department of Internal and Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital: and the Institute of Med-
Printed
in USA.
© 1992 American
Society
for Clinical
Nutrition
OXIDATION TABLE Subject
IN
REDUCED-OBESE
WOMEN
were
1
characteristics* Reduced obese (n=15)
but
Nonobese (n=8)
rate (BMR) awake,
1±
34.5 68.9 0.77 48.8 20.1 24.7 32.2
± 2.0
32.3
±
0800
by a technician
±
1.4
58.0
±
1St
0.02 0.79
0.74 45.0
±
0.01
± 0.71
12.9
±
20.1
±
±
± ±
0.44 1.12
to bed
into
0.63t 0.38t
-
SE.
t Significantly different from reduced obese, P < 0.05. 1:In kg/m2. § Calculated on the basis ofpresent height and maximal weight reported by the subject.
and
The
respiratory
a daytime
subjects
>
or daughters
been
who
had
10%, and in 1 1 ofthe 15 subjects the 1 5%. Ten of the 1 5 women had parents manifestly
obese
at some
their lives. It was ensured that no EE measurement formed earlier than 2 wk after a dieting period. but one subject reported that they had terminated reducing
treatment
3 mo
subjects gave informed was approved by the hagen
and
before
consent Municipal
Frederiksberg,
the
EE
time
in
was perHowever, all any weight-
measurements.
All
before entering the study, which Ethical Committee of Copen-
the (24-h
(0930-2400;
Twenty-four-hour
EE was
rates from
(10).
in a respiration EE and
chamber
substrate
oxidation
were obtained as follows: oxidation ofprotein was calculated nitrogen excreted in the urine, assuming a combustion of
6.25 g protein/g carbon dioxide of
measured
previously
18.83
kJ/g
N excreted. production protein
An oxygen uptake of 0.957 L, a of 0.774 L, and a heat production
combusted
was
assumed.
Subsequently,
oxidation oflipid and carbohydrate was calculated from uptake and carbon dioxide production after subtraction
rate
therefore
was
timated sumed
gas exchange that combustion
uptake and production a carbon
a carbon of 17.58
dioxide
were
The at 2200
in one,
in the other crossover
the afternoon,
/3-blockade
a placebo design.
measurements program.
on the preceding
in the chamber. mm of bicycling
of 1.43 1 L, and a heat
combusted were assumed. by Brouwer (1 1). Two
respiratory on a fixed
combustion. We asresults in an oxygen
dioxide production of0.829 L and a heat Id. Likewise, an oxygen uptake of 2.01 3 L,
performed:
pranolol, and in a double-blind 0930
arising from protein of 1 g carbohydrate
production
of 39.76 kJ/g lipid had been presented ments
ing venous
assumed
fatty
free
blood acid
was
when
were
The night,
In the scheme at 75 W, two plus
a period
was
subjects where
achieved This
performed met they
we included in the late
where
was given.
glucose, samples
(FFA),
instruction
from
at the
were
0930
to
department
accommodated
four morning
periods and
was given
of IS two in to sub-
jects to walk 25 times the length of the chamber (3.5 m). No additional exercise was allowed. The rest ofthe waking time was spent reading, writing, knitting, watching television, or on other sedentary activities. Sleeping and lying on the bed during daytime was not permitted. At night, from 2345 to 0800, the subjects
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/4/662/4715556 by guest on 30 March 2018
substrate
glycerol,
insulin,
to on
oxidation
the respiratory for analysis
of
studies,
of glucose,
C peptide,
fastlactate,
norepinephrine
(T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. rich in simple carbohydrates containing
lactate, insulin, C peptide, and are referred to as postprandial.) was sampled
from
to perform
the analysis
the subjects
the
NE.
Total energy on the basis
(The
latter
in a sitting
experiments
is performed
regression
line
EE
imental
with
blood
position.
subjects
We
being
content (kJ) provided of previous measurements
All
revealed
individually
in accordance
ofthe
assumption
is 0 when
in
by the of
content
calculated
with
this
equation.
meals life and
The
24-h
energy
this
4 d preceding
to avoid
period. Heart rate
diet
com-
33% lipid, and 1 5% protein. were calculated by DANKOST
intake.
each
The
subjects
The
subjects
were
demanding (HR)
was
hunger
experiment,
by a dietitian to consume to the experimental diet
at home.
exper-
the subject’s
(National Food Agency, Copenhagen, 1989). served at fixed times. The dinner accounted
total
the
the
weight
equation: of the
from
to fill in a visual-analog-score form assessing 2.25 h after lunch and 1.5 h after dinner. During
that body
the following
weight#{176}75. Energy
was 52% carbohydrate, content and composition tables software meals were
the
0.0-EE
analysis
x body
was then
weight
position Energy
by including through
is 0). The
390
=
diet
body
food
goes
to 0.75
raised
instructed identical
done
a sleeping
24-h EE in 19 nonobese women at our respiratory unit on a similar activity program: we performed a linear-regression analysis forced through the origin of24-h EE on body weight#{176}75(ie,
by prowas
subdivided
and
jam, fruit juice, raisins, and butter was given. Fifty minutes the breakfast began blood was drawn again for analysis of
bread,
after
for 44%
production
The constants used similar 24-h experi-
study.
was
at
for the total 24 h but protein combustion
EE and
collected
(NE), triiodothyronine Afterwards, a breakfast
24-h
oxygen of es-
entire EE)
oxidative metabolism. Urine was collected not for each ofthe single periods. A constant
24-h energy balance. diet was calculated
of 1 5 m2 described
surveillance
a period from 1900 to 2300 (after dinner EE) was included study the effect of the dinner, which was served at 1900,
Blood
Methods
re-
and
under EE)
daytime
before
2345,
period (0000-0830; sleeping EE). In addition, we used the period from 0830 to 0930 in which the subject remained in bed but stayed awake for measurement of BMR (EE BMR). Moreover,
attempted
Denmark.
metrelaxed
given
1 545,
were
throughout
the periods were calculated. The second morning, concluding perienced a weight loss weight loss had been >
basal totally
were
at 0800,
measurement
period
measure
in bed,
tablets
night
morning.
To
0930.
or placebo
mg)
or a student
24-h
sleep.
remained
preceding
the second
The
± 0.95t
the
and
subjects
0830
(80
2.5
±
the
between
Propranolol tiring
Age (y) Body weight (kg) Waist-hip ratio Fat-free body mass (kg) Fat mass (kg) BMI BMImaxt
to lie in bed
instructed
abolic
663
the
were
asked
and
satiety
subjects
were
a diet with an energy content but they freely prepared the also
instructed
or extensive monitored
to live a regular
physical by
an
exercise
during
electrocardiogram
(ECG) telemetry system (Dialogue 2000; Danica Elektronik penhagen, Denmark) and was recorded just before cessation 2
mm
after
cessation
0100 and 0500. after bicycling Blood ratory
The
of the average
(HRposexercjse),
pressure was measurements
measured while
bicycling
periods,
and
at night
Coand at
ofHR during bicycling and at night (HR,,) was calculated. the
at the termination subject was lying
of the respiin bed. Sub-
664
BUEMANN
sequently, HTS
bioelectric
Engineering,
impedance Odense,
free mass (FFM) was then ofSegal et al (12) for lean
was
in estimated
(ANIMETER;
on the fasting
estimated women.
according
FFM
to the
hip
as the
is due
to retention
circumference
widest
trochanter major. We tried to avoid surements each
possible
of fluctuations
therefore
attempted
subject
equation
ofbody
between
caused
by the
was and
iliac
and
crest
on
EE
tory
in the
placebo
during propranolol Plasma glucose was
FFA
24-h
we presumed
(14,
measured
experiments
were
measured
to occur
glutathione
tetraacetate. for 10 mm
( 16).
and
was
T3 and
t Calculated
at
Twenty-four-hour
kits from
were
in urine
1 500;
Carlo
Statistical The ware
by Laurell
and
for an effect
were
measured
by
Strumentazione,
the
in which
containing
radioim-
Turku,
Finland,
analyzer
analyses STSC groups
were Inc.
were
performed
Rockville, assessed
were
MD).
soft-
Differences
in EE
of covariance
by
obese
(n=lS)
tested
24-h EE Daytime EE Sleeping
EE
After dinner EE EE basal metabolic *
FFM
Calculated
rate
on unadjusted
was included
t± SE. j: After dinner,
±
5.5t
444.2
±
265.9 366.8 274.0
±
7.2 3.9 4.9 4.9
± ±
EE values
by analysis
378.8 448.8 271.7 387.3 273.0
±
FM
± ± ± ±
of variance
in which
4-h period
after dinner.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/4/662/4715556 by guest on 30 March 2018
I test.
of placebo the two substrate
Relationships
analyses.
are unadjusted.
Data
All
23 subjects
its components
in
the
nonobese
were presenting
results
was
are
shown
correlated
placebo effect.
in the
with
experiments In Table 2 are
placebo
experiment,
24-h
carbohydrate
did not differ
significantly
Buemann,
ABSTRACT and substrate chamber (BMI
in
1 5 reduced-obese Two
Astrup,
Joop
were
energy studied
(BMI experiments
1 ) women.
/3-blockade
placebo.
difference nonobese 24-h
Arne
Twenty-four-hour oxidation rates
20.
=
in which with
expenditure study on reduced-obese women: effect of fl-blockade13
was
When
by propranolol
in 24-h EE was found between groups in placebo experiments.
EE by 2.7%
in the
reduced-obese
During
daytime,
oxidation
lipid
increased
Propranolol
and
in fat-free
no
the reduced-obese and Propranolol reduced group
oxidation
was
fasting
glycerol
and
obese obese
subjects group.
relation weight
whereas Moreover,
RQ was markedly higher Zurlo et al (9) observed
between 24-h RQ and fat mass in Pima
We
compared
rates
with
subjects of being
24-h
and
EE and
without
with a group overweight.
Subjects
and
free fatty
concen-
Subject
characteristics
are
Eight
nonobese
women
were
recruited
as control
energy expensubstrate oxi-
dation
their with
Introduction
energy normal
been
reduction that may
of obesity. postobese
EE has been reported in a control group (1).
Twenty-four-h subjects than to be slightly
found
subjects obesity.
present
in the
some authors
may
combustion. sate for this
subjects spiratory ments. 662
subjects of meal after
found
in postobese
Obesity
culation surate
have
(reduced contribute
obese ideal
body
normal
subjects
Elevation deficiency
state
tissue lipid
and
(8) found
a similar
shown
in Table
was
46
y of
without
any history
subjects,
age
and
seven
were
excluded
and
ofbeing were
nonobese
The weight group
group.
Seven
overweight (BMI =
(BMI 27.9).
was
calculated previous
on the maximal
overweight One
reduced-
because of anticonceptive to fill in a questionnaire
none
of the
of the >
treatabout
medical history. Women that might influence mesubjects
were
reduced-obese
25).
BMI
basis
of measured
weight.
All but
involved
Body mass index women than in subjects
were
27
in one
exceeded
reduced-obese subjects were interviewed history. Previous maximal BMI in the
reported
pre-
premenopausal
postmenopausal.
present drug intake and previous any disease or taking medication
still slightly subject only
1 . Fifteen
about their reduced-obese height
one
subject
and
self-
had
ex-
by
thermogenesis ability
for fat
mass may compenrelease into the cirto a level commento oxidize lipid
in
for weight gain would mean a higher re(RQ) on standardized respiratory measureiames
history
has been achieved
a decreased
and hence accelerate fat oxidation with fat intake. A reduced capacity
Lean
observed
(6, 7). of
any
reduced-obese women were recruited by anon television and by advertising in a newspaper. they underwent a general medical examination.
woman was amenorrheic The subjects were asked
tabolism
the
in postobese
has been
diet-induced
ofthe adipose by promoting
without
any programs involving heavy exercise. (BMI) was significantly higher in reduced-obese
to be lower in Resting EE has
(3-5),
weight
oxidation
of reduced-obese
in
without a predisposition for or glucose-induced thermo-
be a consequence
predisposed quotient
on
obese) to elucidate to the development
(2), or similar
manifest
to persist
(2, 4). Others (DIT)
lower
compared with The impairment
genesis
performed
(EE) in formerly obese subjects in whom achieved (postobese) or on obese subjects
expenditure weight was
after a substantial weight metabolic abnormalities
been
one
but obese ment.
recently
lipid
body
Subjects
subjects.
acid
f3-blockade, catecholamines, obesity, propranolol, lipolysis,
has
subjects
in
methods
KEY WORDS diture, glycerol,
of research
and
in a group
of nonobese
menopausal nouncement Before entry
amount
increase
carbohydrate
/3-blockade
trations in both groups. Beta-blockade seems to have little effect on sedentary 24-h EE but may have a suppressing effect on lipid combustion. Am J C/in Nutr l992;56:662-70.
A great
and subsequent Indians.
in a reduceda positive cor-
carbohydrate
in the nonobese
and
Christensen
no reduc-
whereas
reduced
only
fuel
one
mass,
group. A positive correlation was concentration and lipid oxidation.
by propranolol
reduced
Niels
expenditure (EE) in a respiration
for differences
tion was seen in the nonobese found between fasting glycerol
and
24.7) and 8 nonobese were performed, one
=
introduced
adjusted
Madsen,
24-h
RQ
in lean
Am J C/in Nutr
and
I From Veterinary Medicine
ical Physiology 2
Supported
Council
grant
C, Panum
by the 13-4189
Institute,
Danish and
University
Veterinary
ofCopenhagen,
and
Agricultural
Denmark.
Research
13-4273.
3 Address reprint requests to B Buemann, Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 25 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Received September 30, 1991. Accepted for publication April 20, 1992.
1992;56:662-70.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/4/662/4715556 by guest on 30 March 2018
the Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal and Agricultural University: the Department of Internal and Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital: and the Institute of Med-
Printed
in USA.
© 1992 American
Society
for Clinical
Nutrition
OXIDATION TABLE Subject
IN
REDUCED-OBESE
WOMEN
were
1
characteristics* Reduced obese (n=15)
but
Nonobese (n=8)
rate (BMR) awake,
1±
34.5 68.9 0.77 48.8 20.1 24.7 32.2
± 2.0
32.3
±
0800
by a technician
±
1.4
58.0
±
1St
0.02 0.79
0.74 45.0
±
0.01
± 0.71
12.9
±
20.1
±
±
± ±
0.44 1.12
to bed
into
0.63t 0.38t
-
SE.
t Significantly different from reduced obese, P < 0.05. 1:In kg/m2. § Calculated on the basis ofpresent height and maximal weight reported by the subject.
and
The
respiratory
a daytime
subjects
>
or daughters
been
who
had
10%, and in 1 1 ofthe 15 subjects the 1 5%. Ten of the 1 5 women had parents manifestly
obese
at some
their lives. It was ensured that no EE measurement formed earlier than 2 wk after a dieting period. but one subject reported that they had terminated reducing
treatment
3 mo
subjects gave informed was approved by the hagen
and
before
consent Municipal
Frederiksberg,
the
EE
time
in
was perHowever, all any weight-
measurements.
All
before entering the study, which Ethical Committee of Copen-
the (24-h
(0930-2400;
Twenty-four-hour
EE was
rates from
(10).
in a respiration EE and
chamber
substrate
oxidation
were obtained as follows: oxidation ofprotein was calculated nitrogen excreted in the urine, assuming a combustion of
6.25 g protein/g carbon dioxide of
measured
previously
18.83
kJ/g
N excreted. production protein
An oxygen uptake of 0.957 L, a of 0.774 L, and a heat production
combusted
was
assumed.
Subsequently,
oxidation oflipid and carbohydrate was calculated from uptake and carbon dioxide production after subtraction
rate
therefore
was
timated sumed
gas exchange that combustion
uptake and production a carbon
a carbon of 17.58
dioxide
were
The at 2200
in one,
in the other crossover
the afternoon,
/3-blockade
a placebo design.
measurements program.
on the preceding
in the chamber. mm of bicycling
of 1.43 1 L, and a heat
combusted were assumed. by Brouwer (1 1). Two
respiratory on a fixed
combustion. We asresults in an oxygen
dioxide production of0.829 L and a heat Id. Likewise, an oxygen uptake of 2.01 3 L,
performed:
pranolol, and in a double-blind 0930
arising from protein of 1 g carbohydrate
production
of 39.76 kJ/g lipid had been presented ments
ing venous
assumed
fatty
free
blood acid
was
when
were
The night,
In the scheme at 75 W, two plus
a period
was
subjects where
achieved This
performed met they
we included in the late
where
was given.
glucose, samples
(FFA),
instruction
from
at the
were
0930
to
department
accommodated
four morning
periods and
was given
of IS two in to sub-
jects to walk 25 times the length of the chamber (3.5 m). No additional exercise was allowed. The rest ofthe waking time was spent reading, writing, knitting, watching television, or on other sedentary activities. Sleeping and lying on the bed during daytime was not permitted. At night, from 2345 to 0800, the subjects
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/4/662/4715556 by guest on 30 March 2018
substrate
glycerol,
insulin,
to on
oxidation
the respiratory for analysis
of
studies,
of glucose,
C peptide,
fastlactate,
norepinephrine
(T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. rich in simple carbohydrates containing
lactate, insulin, C peptide, and are referred to as postprandial.) was sampled
from
to perform
the analysis
the subjects
the
NE.
Total energy on the basis
(The
latter
in a sitting
experiments
is performed
regression
line
EE
imental
with
blood
position.
subjects
We
being
content (kJ) provided of previous measurements
All
revealed
individually
in accordance
ofthe
assumption
is 0 when
in
by the of
content
calculated
with
this
equation.
meals life and
The
24-h
energy
this
4 d preceding
to avoid
period. Heart rate
diet
com-
33% lipid, and 1 5% protein. were calculated by DANKOST
intake.
each
The
subjects
The
subjects
were
demanding (HR)
was
hunger
experiment,
by a dietitian to consume to the experimental diet
at home.
exper-
the subject’s
(National Food Agency, Copenhagen, 1989). served at fixed times. The dinner accounted
total
the
the
weight
equation: of the
from
to fill in a visual-analog-score form assessing 2.25 h after lunch and 1.5 h after dinner. During
that body
the following
weight#{176}75. Energy
was 52% carbohydrate, content and composition tables software meals were
the
0.0-EE
analysis
x body
was then
weight
position Energy
by including through
is 0). The
390
=
diet
body
food
goes
to 0.75
raised
instructed identical
done
a sleeping
24-h EE in 19 nonobese women at our respiratory unit on a similar activity program: we performed a linear-regression analysis forced through the origin of24-h EE on body weight#{176}75(ie,
by prowas
subdivided
and
jam, fruit juice, raisins, and butter was given. Fifty minutes the breakfast began blood was drawn again for analysis of
bread,
after
for 44%
production
The constants used similar 24-h experi-
study.
was
at
for the total 24 h but protein combustion
EE and
collected
(NE), triiodothyronine Afterwards, a breakfast
24-h
oxygen of es-
entire EE)
oxidative metabolism. Urine was collected not for each ofthe single periods. A constant
24-h energy balance. diet was calculated
of 1 5 m2 described
surveillance
a period from 1900 to 2300 (after dinner EE) was included study the effect of the dinner, which was served at 1900,
Blood
Methods
re-
and
under EE)
daytime
before
2345,
period (0000-0830; sleeping EE). In addition, we used the period from 0830 to 0930 in which the subject remained in bed but stayed awake for measurement of BMR (EE BMR). Moreover,
attempted
Denmark.
metrelaxed
given
1 545,
were
throughout
the periods were calculated. The second morning, concluding perienced a weight loss weight loss had been >
basal totally
were
at 0800,
measurement
period
measure
in bed,
tablets
night
morning.
To
0930.
or placebo
mg)
or a student
24-h
sleep.
remained
preceding
the second
The
± 0.95t
the
and
subjects
0830
(80
2.5
±
the
between
Propranolol tiring
Age (y) Body weight (kg) Waist-hip ratio Fat-free body mass (kg) Fat mass (kg) BMI BMImaxt
to lie in bed
instructed
abolic
663
the
were
asked
and
satiety
subjects
were
a diet with an energy content but they freely prepared the also
instructed
or extensive monitored
to live a regular
physical by
an
exercise
during
electrocardiogram
(ECG) telemetry system (Dialogue 2000; Danica Elektronik penhagen, Denmark) and was recorded just before cessation 2
mm
after
cessation
0100 and 0500. after bicycling Blood ratory
The
of the average
(HRposexercjse),
pressure was measurements
measured while
bicycling
periods,
and
at night
Coand at
ofHR during bicycling and at night (HR,,) was calculated. the
at the termination subject was lying
of the respiin bed. Sub-
664
BUEMANN
sequently, HTS
bioelectric
Engineering,
impedance Odense,
free mass (FFM) was then ofSegal et al (12) for lean
was
in estimated
(ANIMETER;
on the fasting
estimated women.
according
FFM
to the
hip
as the
is due
to retention
circumference
widest
trochanter major. We tried to avoid surements each
possible
of fluctuations
therefore
attempted
subject
equation
ofbody
between
caused
by the
was and
iliac
and
crest
on
EE
tory
in the
placebo
during propranolol Plasma glucose was
FFA
24-h
we presumed
(14,
measured
experiments
were
measured
to occur
glutathione
tetraacetate. for 10 mm
( 16).
and
was
T3 and
t Calculated
at
Twenty-four-hour
kits from
were
in urine
1 500;
Carlo
Statistical The ware
by Laurell
and
for an effect
were
measured
by
Strumentazione,
the
in which
containing
radioim-
Turku,
Finland,
analyzer
analyses STSC groups
were Inc.
were
performed
Rockville, assessed
were
MD).
soft-
Differences
in EE
of covariance
by
obese
(n=lS)
tested
24-h EE Daytime EE Sleeping
EE
After dinner EE EE basal metabolic *
FFM
Calculated
rate
on unadjusted
was included
t± SE. j: After dinner,
±
5.5t
444.2
±
265.9 366.8 274.0
±
7.2 3.9 4.9 4.9
± ±
EE values
by analysis
378.8 448.8 271.7 387.3 273.0
±
FM
± ± ± ±
of variance
in which
4-h period
after dinner.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/4/662/4715556 by guest on 30 March 2018
I test.
of placebo the two substrate
Relationships
analyses.
are unadjusted.
Data
All
23 subjects
its components
in
the
nonobese
were presenting
results
was
are
shown
correlated
placebo effect.
in the
with
experiments In Table 2 are
placebo
experiment,
24-h
carbohydrate
did not differ
significantly
