Letters to Editor
A comment on Incidence of occupational exposures in a tertiary health care center
opposed to per thousand or per hundred per year (rate or incidence). This study actually provides us with a profile of needle stick injury in a tertiary health care center, and that is how it should have been titled. Sunil Kumar Raina
Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RPGMC, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
Sir, This is in reference to the article entitled “Incidence of occupational exposures in a tertiary health care center” published in Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2012; 33:91‑7. [1] The incidence of NSI is considerably higher than current estimates, due to gross under‑reporting (often less than 50%).[2,3] In USA 600,000,000 receive NSI from conventional needles and sharps every year, while in UK, it is 1,00,000 health care workers/year.[4] In India, authentic data on NSI are scarce.[5] In that way, this study is an earnest effort for which the authors should be congratulated. However, this study has a basic flaw. This study does not and cannot provide us with the incidence of occupational exposures as claimed by the authors. The methodology adopted for this study will yield prevalence and not incidence as the study is cross‑sectional nature (as pointed out by the authors in methods section).[1] For arriving at incidence, a longitudinal study involving a follow‑up of a cohort recruited at the beginning of the study should have been chosen. This cohort could be medical, paramedical or nursing staff. If you have a look at the results, the point will become clearer. The results have been expressed as percentages (usual in prevalence study) as
Rapidly growing noduloulcerative lesion in the perineum in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient Sir, The list of conditions causing female genital ulcers (FGU) is rather exhaustive, and consists of both 68
REFERENCES
Address for correspondence: Dr. Sunil Kumar Raina, Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RPGMC, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. E‑mail: [email protected]
1.
Shriyan A, Roche R, Annamma. Incidence of occupational exposures in a tertiary health care center. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2012;33:91‑7. 2. Makary MA, Al‑Attar A, Holzmueller CG, Sexton JB, Syin D, Gilson MM, et al. Needlestick injuries among surgeons in training. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2693‑9. 3. Au E, Gossage JA, Bailey SR. The reporting of needlestick injuries sustained in theatre by surgeons: Are we under‑reporting? J Hosp Infect 2008;70:66‑70. 4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Alert. Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Healthcare Settings. Washington DC: NIOSH; 1999. 5. Muralidhar S, Singh PK, Jain RK, Malhotra M, Bala M. Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India. Indian J Med Res 2010;131:405‑10.
Access this article online Quick Response Code:
Website: www.ijstd.org
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.132402
sexually transmitted and non‑sexually transmitted conditions. FGU often have an atypical presentation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and often progress aggressively, thus making the diagnosis challenging. [1,2] We report a case of HIV infected female presenting with rapidly growing noduloulcerative lesion in the perineum for 1 month, which was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 30‑year‑old female presented with painful ulcer in the perineum for 1 month. The documents available with patient revealed that she was HIV‑1 seropositive and was on highly active antiretroviral
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 2014; Vol. 35, No. 1
Copyright of Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases is the property of Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
A comment on Incidence of occupational exposures in a tertiary health care center
opposed to per thousand or per hundred per year (rate or incidence). This study actually provides us with a profile of needle stick injury in a tertiary health care center, and that is how it should have been titled. Sunil Kumar Raina
Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RPGMC, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
Sir, This is in reference to the article entitled “Incidence of occupational exposures in a tertiary health care center” published in Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2012; 33:91‑7. [1] The incidence of NSI is considerably higher than current estimates, due to gross under‑reporting (often less than 50%).[2,3] In USA 600,000,000 receive NSI from conventional needles and sharps every year, while in UK, it is 1,00,000 health care workers/year.[4] In India, authentic data on NSI are scarce.[5] In that way, this study is an earnest effort for which the authors should be congratulated. However, this study has a basic flaw. This study does not and cannot provide us with the incidence of occupational exposures as claimed by the authors. The methodology adopted for this study will yield prevalence and not incidence as the study is cross‑sectional nature (as pointed out by the authors in methods section).[1] For arriving at incidence, a longitudinal study involving a follow‑up of a cohort recruited at the beginning of the study should have been chosen. This cohort could be medical, paramedical or nursing staff. If you have a look at the results, the point will become clearer. The results have been expressed as percentages (usual in prevalence study) as
Rapidly growing noduloulcerative lesion in the perineum in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient Sir, The list of conditions causing female genital ulcers (FGU) is rather exhaustive, and consists of both 68
REFERENCES
Address for correspondence: Dr. Sunil Kumar Raina, Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RPGMC, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. E‑mail: [email protected]
1.
Shriyan A, Roche R, Annamma. Incidence of occupational exposures in a tertiary health care center. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2012;33:91‑7. 2. Makary MA, Al‑Attar A, Holzmueller CG, Sexton JB, Syin D, Gilson MM, et al. Needlestick injuries among surgeons in training. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2693‑9. 3. Au E, Gossage JA, Bailey SR. The reporting of needlestick injuries sustained in theatre by surgeons: Are we under‑reporting? J Hosp Infect 2008;70:66‑70. 4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Alert. Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Healthcare Settings. Washington DC: NIOSH; 1999. 5. Muralidhar S, Singh PK, Jain RK, Malhotra M, Bala M. Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India. Indian J Med Res 2010;131:405‑10.
Access this article online Quick Response Code:
Website: www.ijstd.org
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.132402
sexually transmitted and non‑sexually transmitted conditions. FGU often have an atypical presentation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and often progress aggressively, thus making the diagnosis challenging. [1,2] We report a case of HIV infected female presenting with rapidly growing noduloulcerative lesion in the perineum for 1 month, which was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 30‑year‑old female presented with painful ulcer in the perineum for 1 month. The documents available with patient revealed that she was HIV‑1 seropositive and was on highly active antiretroviral
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 2014; Vol. 35, No. 1
Copyright of Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases is the property of Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
