Korean J Pain 2013 October; Vol. 26, No. 4: 407-408 pISSN 2005-9159 eISSN 2093-0569 http://dx.doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2013.26.4.407
| Letters to Editor |
A Simple Working Classification Proposed for Orofacial Pain (OFP) Commonly Encountered in Dental Practice Department of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Nilambur, India
Thorakkal Shamim, MDS
LETTER TO EDITORS Orofacial pain (OFP) is the presenting symptom of a broad spectrum of diseases and is commonly encountered in dental practice. There are currently four main pain classification systems relevant to OFP: a) the International Association for the Study of Pain, b) the International Classification of Headache Disorders, c) the American Academy of Orofacial Pain, and d) the Research Diagnostic
Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders [1]. More recently, a new taxonomy model for classifying OFP based on ontological principles was proposed [2]. In addition, a simple working type classification for psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity has been proposed [3]. This letter calls attention to a proposed simple working classification based on etiology for OFP commonly encountered in dental practice (Table 1).
Table 1. A Simple Working Classification Proposed for Orofacial Pain (OFP) Commonly Encountered in Dental Practice S.No.
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP)
S.No.
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP)
I 1
Neurologic Neuralgias a. Trigeminal neuralgia b. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia c. Sphenopalatine neuralgia d. Postherpetic neuralgia e. Lacrimal neuralgia Multiple sclerosis Auriculotemporal syndrome Malignant neoplasms SUNCT (short-lasting, unilateral,neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) syndrome Anaesthesia dolorosa (post traumatic trigeminal neuropathy) Vascular Temporal arteritis
2 3 4 5 III 1
Migraine head ache Cluster head ache Paroxysmal hemicrania Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO) Musculoskeletal Muscular disorders a. Myositis b. Muscle neoplasms Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders a. Congenital and developmental disorders b. Disc derrangement disorders c. TMJ dislocation d. Inflammatory disorders e. Ankylosis and fractures Eagle syndrome
2 3 4 5 6 II 1
2
3
Received June 11, 2013. Accepted August 28, 2013. Correspondence to: Thorakkal Shamim, MDS Department of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Nilambur 679329, India Tel: ＋91-989-5447351, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ⓒ The Korean Pain Society, 2013
408
Korean J Pain Vol. 26, No. 4, 2013
Table 1. A Simple Working Classification Proposed for Orofacial Pain (OFP) Commonly Encountered in Dental Practice (Continued) S.No. IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP) Oral or perioral Pulpal diseases Periodontal diseases Salivary gland disorders Oral ulcers Lesions of jaws (maxilla and mandible) Lesions of pharynx Ocular lesions Lesions of nose and sinus Lesions of ear Psychosomatic Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) Phantom pain Atypical facial pain Atypical odontogenic pain Burning mouth syndrome Glossodynia Glossopyrosis Idiopathic xerostomia Idiopathic dysgeusia
REFERENCES 1. Renton T, Durham J, Aggarwal VR. The classification and differential diagnosis of orofacial pain. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12: 569-76. 2. Nixdorf DR, Drangsholt MT, Ettlin DA, Gaul C, De Leeuw R,
S.No.
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP)
VI 1 2 3 VII 1
Connective tissue disorders Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematoses Polyarthritis nodosa Referred pain Neck a. Cervical vertebral disease (cervical spondylosis) Heart a. Angina pectoris Lungs a. Lung cancer Oesophagus a. Oesophageal lesions Eyes a. Glaucoma Ears a. Middle ear disease
2 3 4 5 6
Svensson P, et al. Classifying proposal of taxonomy based on 2012; 39: 161-9. 3. Shamim T. A simple working type the psychosomatic disorders of Physicians Surg Pak 2012; 22:
orofacial pains: a new ontology. J Oral Rehabil classification proposed for the oral cavity. J Coll 612.
www.epain.org
| Letters to Editor |
A Simple Working Classification Proposed for Orofacial Pain (OFP) Commonly Encountered in Dental Practice Department of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Nilambur, India
Thorakkal Shamim, MDS
LETTER TO EDITORS Orofacial pain (OFP) is the presenting symptom of a broad spectrum of diseases and is commonly encountered in dental practice. There are currently four main pain classification systems relevant to OFP: a) the International Association for the Study of Pain, b) the International Classification of Headache Disorders, c) the American Academy of Orofacial Pain, and d) the Research Diagnostic
Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders [1]. More recently, a new taxonomy model for classifying OFP based on ontological principles was proposed [2]. In addition, a simple working type classification for psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity has been proposed [3]. This letter calls attention to a proposed simple working classification based on etiology for OFP commonly encountered in dental practice (Table 1).
Table 1. A Simple Working Classification Proposed for Orofacial Pain (OFP) Commonly Encountered in Dental Practice S.No.
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP)
S.No.
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP)
I 1
Neurologic Neuralgias a. Trigeminal neuralgia b. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia c. Sphenopalatine neuralgia d. Postherpetic neuralgia e. Lacrimal neuralgia Multiple sclerosis Auriculotemporal syndrome Malignant neoplasms SUNCT (short-lasting, unilateral,neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) syndrome Anaesthesia dolorosa (post traumatic trigeminal neuropathy) Vascular Temporal arteritis
2 3 4 5 III 1
Migraine head ache Cluster head ache Paroxysmal hemicrania Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO) Musculoskeletal Muscular disorders a. Myositis b. Muscle neoplasms Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders a. Congenital and developmental disorders b. Disc derrangement disorders c. TMJ dislocation d. Inflammatory disorders e. Ankylosis and fractures Eagle syndrome
2 3 4 5 6 II 1
2
3
Received June 11, 2013. Accepted August 28, 2013. Correspondence to: Thorakkal Shamim, MDS Department of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Nilambur 679329, India Tel: ＋91-989-5447351, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ⓒ The Korean Pain Society, 2013
408
Korean J Pain Vol. 26, No. 4, 2013
Table 1. A Simple Working Classification Proposed for Orofacial Pain (OFP) Commonly Encountered in Dental Practice (Continued) S.No. IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP) Oral or perioral Pulpal diseases Periodontal diseases Salivary gland disorders Oral ulcers Lesions of jaws (maxilla and mandible) Lesions of pharynx Ocular lesions Lesions of nose and sinus Lesions of ear Psychosomatic Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) Phantom pain Atypical facial pain Atypical odontogenic pain Burning mouth syndrome Glossodynia Glossopyrosis Idiopathic xerostomia Idiopathic dysgeusia
REFERENCES 1. Renton T, Durham J, Aggarwal VR. The classification and differential diagnosis of orofacial pain. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12: 569-76. 2. Nixdorf DR, Drangsholt MT, Ettlin DA, Gaul C, De Leeuw R,
S.No.
Causes of orofacial pain (OFP)
VI 1 2 3 VII 1
Connective tissue disorders Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematoses Polyarthritis nodosa Referred pain Neck a. Cervical vertebral disease (cervical spondylosis) Heart a. Angina pectoris Lungs a. Lung cancer Oesophagus a. Oesophageal lesions Eyes a. Glaucoma Ears a. Middle ear disease
2 3 4 5 6
Svensson P, et al. Classifying proposal of taxonomy based on 2012; 39: 161-9. 3. Shamim T. A simple working type the psychosomatic disorders of Physicians Surg Pak 2012; 22:
orofacial pains: a new ontology. J Oral Rehabil classification proposed for the oral cavity. J Coll 612.
www.epain.org
