ERUPTION TIMING OF PERMANENT DENTITION
ARTICLE ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to determine the average eruption time and sequence of permanent teeth in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare the results with the established norms for Iranian subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 207 individuals with CP, 96 boys and 111 girls, ranging from 6 to 19 years. The average age at eruption of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, was given as the mean (±SD) and median in years for each gender. A table of percentiles of the eruption time was also determined. Comparisons were made using t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The sequence of eruption in children with CP was almost similar to the normal. With the exception of the second premolar and the second molar, tooth eruption was advanced in girls compared with boys. There was no difference between the left and right sides of each arch. Mandibular teeth had an earlier eruption time than maxillary teeth except for the second premolar. In general, eruption times of children with CP were later (1–33 months) than those reported previously for healthy children. Conclusions: Despite the almost similar sequence of eruption, a high tendency to delayed eruption of permanent dentition was observed in children with CP.
KEY WORDS:
eruption time, children, teeth, permanent, cerebral palsy
A study on the eruption timing of permanent dentition in patients with cerebral palsy Masoumeh Moslemi, DDS, MSc;1 Javaneh Vejdani, DDS, MSc;2 Zahra Khalili Sadrabad, DDS;3* Mohammad Mostafa Shadkar, DDS4 1Professor,
Pediatric Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; 2Assistant professor, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Dentistry Guilan University of Medical sciences, Rasht; 3Assistant, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Dentist, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Eveen, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Spec Care Dentist 33(6): 275-279, 2013
Int r od uct ion Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of disorders of movement and posture causing activity limitation that are non-progressive and attributed to neurological disorders during fetal or infant development.1 Most people affected by CP also present other medical disorders such as mental impairment, diminished emotional control and sensorial perception, convulsions and uncontrolled movements, stiffness, deafness, and strabismus.2 Several symptoms and complications of CP can manifest in the oral region. These patients frequently suffer a reduced function of speech, mastication, and swallowing, which increases their risk of caries and rehabilitation process.2 Residual food and mouth breathing have been frequently found in children with CP.3 Their usual diet is rich in pastry food and carbohydrates, and familial caregivers have difficulties in complying with an appropriate oral hygiene.2,3 A significantly higher DMFS and plaque index has been observed in children with CP when compared to normal children.3 In the previous studies, gingival alterations,4 malocclusion,3 parafunctional oral habits,5 dental erosion6,7 and dental injuries8 have been reported as more frequent or severe. Okamoto published the first study on the timing of dental eruption in patients with CP,9 who evaluated the average eruption age of central Incisors and first Molars. The results showed that
©2012 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00304.x
scd_304.indd 275
tooth eruption in girls is earlier than boys. In 1968, Swallow,10 studied the eruption time of permanent teeth in 289 patients and reported no difference in the age of tooth eruption between normal patients and patients with CP. According to a study done by Fujii,11 tooth eruption time in handicapped children is 6 months to 1 year later than normal children. Pope and Curzon4 also studied the dental condition of patients with CP and delayed tooth eruption was reported. Despite the existing reports regarding delayed tooth eruption in patients with CP,3,4 no study has yet specifically addressed the eruption timing of permanent teeth in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the average eruption time and sequence of permanent teeth in patients with CP and to compare the results with the established norms for Iranian subjects.12
S p e c C a r e D e n t i s t 3 3 ( 6 ) 2 0 1 3 275
05/10/13 2:31 PM
ERUPTION TIMING OF PERMANENT DENTITION
Table 1. Comparison of ages of eruption (years) in boys and girls. Tooth
Boys
p
Girls
Mean
SD
Med
95% limits
Range
Mean
SD
Med
95% limits
Range
7.92
0.27
8.25
7.40–8.44
6.83–8.58
7.70
0.31
8.08
7.10–8.30
6.75–8.33
2
8.94
0.24
9.00
8.47–9.41
6.83–10.50
8.43
0.30
8.58
7.85–9.01
7.16–9.16
NS
3
13.06
0.19
13.00
12.69–13.43
10.66–14.58
12.41
0.19
12.45
12.04–12.78
10.50–13.66
ARTICLE ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to determine the average eruption time and sequence of permanent teeth in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare the results with the established norms for Iranian subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 207 individuals with CP, 96 boys and 111 girls, ranging from 6 to 19 years. The average age at eruption of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, was given as the mean (±SD) and median in years for each gender. A table of percentiles of the eruption time was also determined. Comparisons were made using t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The sequence of eruption in children with CP was almost similar to the normal. With the exception of the second premolar and the second molar, tooth eruption was advanced in girls compared with boys. There was no difference between the left and right sides of each arch. Mandibular teeth had an earlier eruption time than maxillary teeth except for the second premolar. In general, eruption times of children with CP were later (1–33 months) than those reported previously for healthy children. Conclusions: Despite the almost similar sequence of eruption, a high tendency to delayed eruption of permanent dentition was observed in children with CP.
KEY WORDS:
eruption time, children, teeth, permanent, cerebral palsy
A study on the eruption timing of permanent dentition in patients with cerebral palsy Masoumeh Moslemi, DDS, MSc;1 Javaneh Vejdani, DDS, MSc;2 Zahra Khalili Sadrabad, DDS;3* Mohammad Mostafa Shadkar, DDS4 1Professor,
Pediatric Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; 2Assistant professor, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Dentistry Guilan University of Medical sciences, Rasht; 3Assistant, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Dentist, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Eveen, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Spec Care Dentist 33(6): 275-279, 2013
Int r od uct ion Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of disorders of movement and posture causing activity limitation that are non-progressive and attributed to neurological disorders during fetal or infant development.1 Most people affected by CP also present other medical disorders such as mental impairment, diminished emotional control and sensorial perception, convulsions and uncontrolled movements, stiffness, deafness, and strabismus.2 Several symptoms and complications of CP can manifest in the oral region. These patients frequently suffer a reduced function of speech, mastication, and swallowing, which increases their risk of caries and rehabilitation process.2 Residual food and mouth breathing have been frequently found in children with CP.3 Their usual diet is rich in pastry food and carbohydrates, and familial caregivers have difficulties in complying with an appropriate oral hygiene.2,3 A significantly higher DMFS and plaque index has been observed in children with CP when compared to normal children.3 In the previous studies, gingival alterations,4 malocclusion,3 parafunctional oral habits,5 dental erosion6,7 and dental injuries8 have been reported as more frequent or severe. Okamoto published the first study on the timing of dental eruption in patients with CP,9 who evaluated the average eruption age of central Incisors and first Molars. The results showed that
©2012 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00304.x
scd_304.indd 275
tooth eruption in girls is earlier than boys. In 1968, Swallow,10 studied the eruption time of permanent teeth in 289 patients and reported no difference in the age of tooth eruption between normal patients and patients with CP. According to a study done by Fujii,11 tooth eruption time in handicapped children is 6 months to 1 year later than normal children. Pope and Curzon4 also studied the dental condition of patients with CP and delayed tooth eruption was reported. Despite the existing reports regarding delayed tooth eruption in patients with CP,3,4 no study has yet specifically addressed the eruption timing of permanent teeth in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the average eruption time and sequence of permanent teeth in patients with CP and to compare the results with the established norms for Iranian subjects.12
S p e c C a r e D e n t i s t 3 3 ( 6 ) 2 0 1 3 275
05/10/13 2:31 PM
ERUPTION TIMING OF PERMANENT DENTITION
Table 1. Comparison of ages of eruption (years) in boys and girls. Tooth
Boys
p
Girls
Mean
SD
Med
95% limits
Range
Mean
SD
Med
95% limits
Range
7.92
0.27
8.25
7.40–8.44
6.83–8.58
7.70
0.31
8.08
7.10–8.30
6.75–8.33
2
8.94
0.24
9.00
8.47–9.41
6.83–10.50
8.43
0.30
8.58
7.85–9.01
7.16–9.16
NS
3
13.06
0.19
13.00
12.69–13.43
10.66–14.58
12.41
0.19
12.45
12.04–12.78
10.50–13.66
