J. Nihon
Univ.
Sch.
Dent.,
Vol.
34. 167-171,
Adhesion
1992
between
the
Resin
Composite
Masahiro
AIDA1,
Hideo
Tohru
Key
words:
KANAYA1,
Yoshizumi and
18 September
adhesion,
silane
and
Resin
HAYAKAWA2
(Received
Shell
and
coupling
Kozo
accepted
MURATA1,
HORIE2
2 December
agent,
resin
1991)
shell,
4-META
Abstract Adhesiveness the
resin
resin,
was
The
resin
in
water
C
bond, of
the
good
shell
B
resin
was
thermosetting
between
methods
treatment
Unifast 7-9
strength and
the
were
It
Silane was
between
to
the
of
about
resin
examined.
As
crown
and
and
photocurable
shell
measured
resin
after
shell
14
MMA/TBBO
MPa.
strength.
adhesion
composite
from
strengths
various
a bond
about
bond
and
made
bond by
&
giving
strengths
resin
1-day
bridge
of
immer-
37•Ž.
Super-bond
ing
shear
bonded at
adhesiveness, porcelain
the
SR-PE-ISOCETTE,
used.
composite sion
between
shell,
effectively
MPa.
treatment
coupling
revealed
gave
agents
that
not
was
and
new
the
effective
Clearfil
same
bond
for
necessary
composite
the
bond,
almost
were
4-META
SR-PE-ISOCETTE
improved
Clearfil
for
improvobtaining
resin.
Introduction
the
Discoloration
due
labial
surface,
crowns of
enamel cause
these
various is
laminate
crown,
or
the
administration
of
anomalies
problems
problems
procelain
to
related
sometimes
veneer
done
tooth
to
oral
for
shallow
shape,
or
functions
using
technique[1,2],
post-crown
tetracycline,
of
and
composite
and
wide-area
also
the
or
of
esthetics.
teeth
in tooth
Correction
restorations
facing
the
located
collapse
resin
by
erosion
caries
the
or
crown,
the
after
root
the
jacket canal
treatment. However,
the
post-crown resin
are
is built
defects
or
the
it were
resin
this
in
order
study,
the
to
apply
parts in
due
then
of
the
to
or in
facing
separated
such
case
the
of
the
discoloration the
facial
part
it
would
be
easier
to
between shell
the
in
facing
a resin
improve
oral
and
of
the
crown,
present
composite
facing
crown
Usually,
polish
using
shell
the
impact[3,4]. the
wear
repair
resin
but
resin or
parts
by
cases,
to
adhesiveness the
porcelain fractured
metal
possible
discoloration,
In
on
Moreover, of
If
or
sometimes
up
insufficient.
resin
or
composite cured
resin
unesthetic
is
surface
problems. shell
which
functions resin
resists and was
wear
esthetics. examined
clinically.
会 田 雅 啓1、 金 谷 日出 夫1、 村 田 義 純1、 早 川 徹2、 堀 江 港 三2
1 Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo 2 Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Masahiro AIDA, Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, JAPAN.
168
Materials
and Methods
The materials used are listed in Table 1. SR-PE-ISOCETTE was made from 45% micro-particle filler and crown and bridge thermosetting resin. The shape of SR-PE-ISOCETTE is shown in Fig. 1. MMA/TBBO was prepared in the laboratory, and consisted of methyl methacrylate (MMA) solution, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder and TBBO, a unique polymerization initiator{51. First the resin shell was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin as shown in Fig. 2. The dentin part of the lingual surface was the surface used for adhesion. The Table
resin
shell
surface
water,
and
2 mm
thick
as
then
in
polymerized silicone day. at
by ring
The
shear
carried
out A
abbreviated
on
2.
Then
shell
Photoclearfil
of
according
to
bonded in
2.0
2
surface,
to
and was
s. After
then
of
3.2
the
shell to
of
immersed
measured
with
measurement
paper
with
used
curing
were
The
method
directly
Table
Table
were
the
60
carbide ring
bright
for
mm/min.
silicon
silicone
specimens
strengths
speed
C
resin
The
used in this study
#1000 A
the
removed.
bond
sample
with ethanol.
photo-irradiation
was
a cross-head
with
placed
Table
Materials
polished
cleaned
was
shown
was
1
in
fill
the
composite water
shear
treated and
was
resin, 37•Ž
testing bond
for
the one
machine
strength
was
NooucHi[61.
Photoclearfil
bright
was
prepared
2.
Materials
at
and
was ring,
a universal of
running
diameter
surface
the in
under
mm
and procedures
for resin
shell treatment
as
a control,
169
Results
Figure 3 shows the shear bond strengths between the resin shell and the photocurable composite resin bonded by the various methods. CNB or CPB treatment gave higher bond strengths than the control, and there were no differences between CNB and CPB. SB treatment significantly increased the bond strength to about 14 MPa. The combination of CPB and SB or LP and SB gave bond strengths almost equal to that with SB treatment. The main type of bond failure was resin shell fracture in the case of SB, CPB-SB, or LP-SB treatment. Ivocron gave low bond strengths, and no effect was obtained when it was combined with CPB or LP. The bond failure occurred at the resin shell-resin interface. Unifast and MMA/TBBO gave the bond strengths almost equal to that of CNB, and the bond failure occurred at the resin shell-resin interface.
Fig.
Fig.
2
1
SR-PE-ISOCETTE
Preparation
of test sample
170
Fig.
3
Shear
bond
strength
between
the SR-PE-ISOCETTE
and
the
composite
resin
Discussion Adhesion between composite resin and a resin shell made from thermosetting crown and bridge resin is difficult due to the cross-linked polymer and the inorganic filler component. YOSHIDAet al. [7]examined the bond strengths between cured opaque resin and luting cement and reported that Clearfil porcelain bond treatment gave a bond strength of 30 Mpa. Clearfil porcelain bond consists of Clearfil new bond and silane coupling agent solutionr81. It is presumed that the silane coupling agent binds the filler components in the opaque resin and the monomers in the resin cementm. However, in this study, CNB and CPB gave almost the same bond strength, and the silane coupling agent was not effective for improving the bond strength between the composite resin and SR-PE-ISOCETTE. SB consists of MMA solution containing 5% 4-META, PMMA powder, and TBBO[9].LP is a liquid-type porcelain primer containing silane coupling agent[mi. SB treatment gave a high bond strength, and combination with the silane coupling agent also had no effect for improving the bond strength. Methyl methacrylate and 4-META are monomethacrylates, and penetration of monomethacrylate into a resin shell is easier than in the case of dimethacrylate in CNB or CPB. This means that penetration of monomer into the resin shell is the main factor responsible for adhesion. However, Ivocron gave a very low bond strength with 4MPA, a solution made of methyl methacrylate, and the bond strength obtained with Unifast or MMA/TBBO treatment was also lower than that with SB. MMA/TBBO does not contain 4-META. It was revealed that 4-META is effective for improving the adhesion between SR-PE-ISOCETTE and Photoclearfil bright. 4-META is a
171
widely used adhesive monomer. SUZUKIet al.[11]reported that adhesive containing 4-META raised the bond strength of denture base resin to hard resin dentures. 4-META also played an important role in adhesion to SR-PE-ISOCETTE. Conclusion We examined the adhesivenesss between the resin shell and composite resin. SB treatment significantly increased the bond strength, and a combination of CPB and SB, or of CP and SB gave bond strengths almost equal to that with SB treatment. Ivocron gave low bond strengths, and no effect was obtained when combined with CPB or LP. Unifast and MMA/TBBO gave almost the same bond strengths as CNB. 4-META was necessary for improvement of bond strength. The durability of adhesion and the application of SB to the other types of resin shell will be further investigated. Clinical application of the resin shell is now in progress. References [1] HORN,H. R.: Porcelain laminate veneers bonded to etched enamel, Dent. Clin. North Am., 27, 671-684, 1983 [2] TAKAHASHI, H., ASADA,B., HARA,S. and YOKOZUKA, S.: Porcelain laminate veneer restorations, Adhesive Dentistry, 7, 225-238, 1989 [3] TAKAHASHI, H.: Adhesion of dental ceramics, Adhesive Dentistry, 5, 135-144, 1987 [4] SUZUKI, S. and MATSUMURA, H.: Concepts on intraoral repair of fixed prostheses, Adhesive Dentistry, 8, 253-261, 1990 [5] NAKABAYASHI, N. and MASUHARA, E.: Development of adhesive pit and fissure sealants using a MMA resin initiated by a tri-n-butyl borane derivative, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 12, 149-165, 1978 [6] NOGUCHI, N., NAKAMURA, K., OZONOE, Y. and ETCHU,Y.: On adhesive and mechanical properties of dental cements-thermal influence, Jpn. J. Dent. Mater., 4, 543-550, 1985 [7] YOSHIDA, K., TAIRA,Y., MATSUMURA, H., TANAKA, T. and ATSUTA, M.: Inner surface treatment for resin jacket crown, Jpn. J. Dent. Mater., 10, 384-392, 1991 [8] AIDA,M., KANAYA, H., MURATA, Y., HAYAKAWA, T. and HORIE,K.: The evaluation of commercially available silane coupling agents for porcelain adhesion, Nihon Univ. J. Oral Sci., 16, 454-460, 1990 [9] TAKEYAMA, M., KASHIBUCHI, S., NAKABAYASHI, N. and MASUHARA, E.: Studies on dental self-curing resins (17), Adhesion of PMMA with bovine enamel or dental alloys, J. Japan Soc. Dent. Appar. Mat., 19, 179-185, 1978 [10] KANAYA, H., AIDA,M., MURATA, Y., HAYAKAWA, T. and HORIE,K.: The study on the adhesive of Laminabond Porcelain Primer (Part I), J. Jpn. Prosthodont. Soc., 35, 395-401, 1991 [11] SUZUKI, S., KUNESHITA, H. and SHIBA, A.: The evaluation of adhesive bonding of the denture base resin to the hard resin teeth, J. Jpn. Prosthodont. Soc., 32, 37-42, 1988
Univ.
Sch.
Dent.,
Vol.
34. 167-171,
Adhesion
1992
between
the
Resin
Composite
Masahiro
AIDA1,
Hideo
Tohru
Key
words:
KANAYA1,
Yoshizumi and
18 September
adhesion,
silane
and
Resin
HAYAKAWA2
(Received
Shell
and
coupling
Kozo
accepted
MURATA1,
HORIE2
2 December
agent,
resin
1991)
shell,
4-META
Abstract Adhesiveness the
resin
resin,
was
The
resin
in
water
C
bond, of
the
good
shell
B
resin
was
thermosetting
between
methods
treatment
Unifast 7-9
strength and
the
were
It
Silane was
between
to
the
of
about
resin
examined.
As
crown
and
and
photocurable
shell
measured
resin
after
shell
14
MMA/TBBO
MPa.
strength.
adhesion
composite
from
strengths
various
a bond
about
bond
and
made
bond by
&
giving
strengths
resin
1-day
bridge
of
immer-
37•Ž.
Super-bond
ing
shear
bonded at
adhesiveness, porcelain
the
SR-PE-ISOCETTE,
used.
composite sion
between
shell,
effectively
MPa.
treatment
coupling
revealed
gave
agents
that
not
was
and
new
the
effective
Clearfil
same
bond
for
necessary
composite
the
bond,
almost
were
4-META
SR-PE-ISOCETTE
improved
Clearfil
for
improvobtaining
resin.
Introduction
the
Discoloration
due
labial
surface,
crowns of
enamel cause
these
various is
laminate
crown,
or
the
administration
of
anomalies
problems
problems
procelain
to
related
sometimes
veneer
done
tooth
to
oral
for
shallow
shape,
or
functions
using
technique[1,2],
post-crown
tetracycline,
of
and
composite
and
wide-area
also
the
or
of
esthetics.
teeth
in tooth
Correction
restorations
facing
the
located
collapse
resin
by
erosion
caries
the
or
crown,
the
after
root
the
jacket canal
treatment. However,
the
post-crown resin
are
is built
defects
or
the
it were
resin
this
in
order
study,
the
to
apply
parts in
due
then
of
the
to
or in
facing
separated
such
case
the
of
the
discoloration the
facial
part
it
would
be
easier
to
between shell
the
in
facing
a resin
improve
oral
and
of
the
crown,
present
composite
facing
crown
Usually,
polish
using
shell
the
impact[3,4]. the
wear
repair
resin
but
resin or
parts
by
cases,
to
adhesiveness the
porcelain fractured
metal
possible
discoloration,
In
on
Moreover, of
If
or
sometimes
up
insufficient.
resin
or
composite cured
resin
unesthetic
is
surface
problems. shell
which
functions resin
resists and was
wear
esthetics. examined
clinically.
会 田 雅 啓1、 金 谷 日出 夫1、 村 田 義 純1、 早 川 徹2、 堀 江 港 三2
1 Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo 2 Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Masahiro AIDA, Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, JAPAN.
168
Materials
and Methods
The materials used are listed in Table 1. SR-PE-ISOCETTE was made from 45% micro-particle filler and crown and bridge thermosetting resin. The shape of SR-PE-ISOCETTE is shown in Fig. 1. MMA/TBBO was prepared in the laboratory, and consisted of methyl methacrylate (MMA) solution, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder and TBBO, a unique polymerization initiator{51. First the resin shell was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin as shown in Fig. 2. The dentin part of the lingual surface was the surface used for adhesion. The Table
resin
shell
surface
water,
and
2 mm
thick
as
then
in
polymerized silicone day. at
by ring
The
shear
carried
out A
abbreviated
on
2.
Then
shell
Photoclearfil
of
according
to
bonded in
2.0
2
surface,
to
and was
s. After
then
of
3.2
the
shell to
of
immersed
measured
with
measurement
paper
with
used
curing
were
The
method
directly
Table
Table
were
the
60
carbide ring
bright
for
mm/min.
silicon
silicone
specimens
strengths
speed
C
resin
The
used in this study
#1000 A
the
removed.
bond
sample
with ethanol.
photo-irradiation
was
a cross-head
with
placed
Table
Materials
polished
cleaned
was
shown
was
1
in
fill
the
composite water
shear
treated and
was
resin, 37•Ž
testing bond
for
the one
machine
strength
was
NooucHi[61.
Photoclearfil
bright
was
prepared
2.
Materials
at
and
was ring,
a universal of
running
diameter
surface
the in
under
mm
and procedures
for resin
shell treatment
as
a control,
169
Results
Figure 3 shows the shear bond strengths between the resin shell and the photocurable composite resin bonded by the various methods. CNB or CPB treatment gave higher bond strengths than the control, and there were no differences between CNB and CPB. SB treatment significantly increased the bond strength to about 14 MPa. The combination of CPB and SB or LP and SB gave bond strengths almost equal to that with SB treatment. The main type of bond failure was resin shell fracture in the case of SB, CPB-SB, or LP-SB treatment. Ivocron gave low bond strengths, and no effect was obtained when it was combined with CPB or LP. The bond failure occurred at the resin shell-resin interface. Unifast and MMA/TBBO gave the bond strengths almost equal to that of CNB, and the bond failure occurred at the resin shell-resin interface.
Fig.
Fig.
2
1
SR-PE-ISOCETTE
Preparation
of test sample
170
Fig.
3
Shear
bond
strength
between
the SR-PE-ISOCETTE
and
the
composite
resin
Discussion Adhesion between composite resin and a resin shell made from thermosetting crown and bridge resin is difficult due to the cross-linked polymer and the inorganic filler component. YOSHIDAet al. [7]examined the bond strengths between cured opaque resin and luting cement and reported that Clearfil porcelain bond treatment gave a bond strength of 30 Mpa. Clearfil porcelain bond consists of Clearfil new bond and silane coupling agent solutionr81. It is presumed that the silane coupling agent binds the filler components in the opaque resin and the monomers in the resin cementm. However, in this study, CNB and CPB gave almost the same bond strength, and the silane coupling agent was not effective for improving the bond strength between the composite resin and SR-PE-ISOCETTE. SB consists of MMA solution containing 5% 4-META, PMMA powder, and TBBO[9].LP is a liquid-type porcelain primer containing silane coupling agent[mi. SB treatment gave a high bond strength, and combination with the silane coupling agent also had no effect for improving the bond strength. Methyl methacrylate and 4-META are monomethacrylates, and penetration of monomethacrylate into a resin shell is easier than in the case of dimethacrylate in CNB or CPB. This means that penetration of monomer into the resin shell is the main factor responsible for adhesion. However, Ivocron gave a very low bond strength with 4MPA, a solution made of methyl methacrylate, and the bond strength obtained with Unifast or MMA/TBBO treatment was also lower than that with SB. MMA/TBBO does not contain 4-META. It was revealed that 4-META is effective for improving the adhesion between SR-PE-ISOCETTE and Photoclearfil bright. 4-META is a
171
widely used adhesive monomer. SUZUKIet al.[11]reported that adhesive containing 4-META raised the bond strength of denture base resin to hard resin dentures. 4-META also played an important role in adhesion to SR-PE-ISOCETTE. Conclusion We examined the adhesivenesss between the resin shell and composite resin. SB treatment significantly increased the bond strength, and a combination of CPB and SB, or of CP and SB gave bond strengths almost equal to that with SB treatment. Ivocron gave low bond strengths, and no effect was obtained when combined with CPB or LP. Unifast and MMA/TBBO gave almost the same bond strengths as CNB. 4-META was necessary for improvement of bond strength. The durability of adhesion and the application of SB to the other types of resin shell will be further investigated. Clinical application of the resin shell is now in progress. References [1] HORN,H. R.: Porcelain laminate veneers bonded to etched enamel, Dent. Clin. North Am., 27, 671-684, 1983 [2] TAKAHASHI, H., ASADA,B., HARA,S. and YOKOZUKA, S.: Porcelain laminate veneer restorations, Adhesive Dentistry, 7, 225-238, 1989 [3] TAKAHASHI, H.: Adhesion of dental ceramics, Adhesive Dentistry, 5, 135-144, 1987 [4] SUZUKI, S. and MATSUMURA, H.: Concepts on intraoral repair of fixed prostheses, Adhesive Dentistry, 8, 253-261, 1990 [5] NAKABAYASHI, N. and MASUHARA, E.: Development of adhesive pit and fissure sealants using a MMA resin initiated by a tri-n-butyl borane derivative, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 12, 149-165, 1978 [6] NOGUCHI, N., NAKAMURA, K., OZONOE, Y. and ETCHU,Y.: On adhesive and mechanical properties of dental cements-thermal influence, Jpn. J. Dent. Mater., 4, 543-550, 1985 [7] YOSHIDA, K., TAIRA,Y., MATSUMURA, H., TANAKA, T. and ATSUTA, M.: Inner surface treatment for resin jacket crown, Jpn. J. Dent. Mater., 10, 384-392, 1991 [8] AIDA,M., KANAYA, H., MURATA, Y., HAYAKAWA, T. and HORIE,K.: The evaluation of commercially available silane coupling agents for porcelain adhesion, Nihon Univ. J. Oral Sci., 16, 454-460, 1990 [9] TAKEYAMA, M., KASHIBUCHI, S., NAKABAYASHI, N. and MASUHARA, E.: Studies on dental self-curing resins (17), Adhesion of PMMA with bovine enamel or dental alloys, J. Japan Soc. Dent. Appar. Mat., 19, 179-185, 1978 [10] KANAYA, H., AIDA,M., MURATA, Y., HAYAKAWA, T. and HORIE,K.: The study on the adhesive of Laminabond Porcelain Primer (Part I), J. Jpn. Prosthodont. Soc., 35, 395-401, 1991 [11] SUZUKI, S., KUNESHITA, H. and SHIBA, A.: The evaluation of adhesive bonding of the denture base resin to the hard resin teeth, J. Jpn. Prosthodont. Soc., 32, 37-42, 1988
