Antidepressants for children with depression.

^ŚĂŶŐŚĂŝƌĐŚŝǀĞƐŽĨWƐǇĐŚŝĂƚƌǇ͕ϮϬϭϯ͕sŽů͘Ϯϱ͕EŽ͘ϯ

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ͻŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐĞͻ

ŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ^ŝƌŝĐŚĂŝ,KE'^E'hE^Z/ dŚĞ&ŽƌƵŵĂďŽƵƚƚƌĞĂƟŶŐĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĞĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐŝƐƐƵĞŽĨƚŚĞũŽƵƌŶĂů΀ϭ͕Ϯ΁ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂů ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝƐƐƵĞƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚŝƐĐŽŶƚƌŽǀĞƌƐŝĂůƚŽƉŝĐ͘ĞƉƌĞƐ-‐ ƐŝŽŶ ŝŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŝƐ Ă ĚĞǀĂƐƚĂƟŶŐ ĚŝƐŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ƉƐǇĐŚŽƐŽĐŝĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŶĞŐĂƟǀĞ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐĨŽƌďŽƚŚƚŚĞƉĂƟĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘[3-‐5]/ƚ ŚĂƐĂƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇŚŝŐŚƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨϭƚŽϮйŝŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚ ϯƚŽϴйŝŶĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ[3]͕ďƵƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĨĞǁƌĂŶĚŽŵŝǌĞĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚƚƌŝĂůƐŽŶƚŚĞĞĸĐĂĐǇŽĨƉŚĂƌŵĂĐŽƚŚĞƌĂƉǇĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĚŝƐŽƌĚĞƌ͘[3-‐9] ŌĞƌƚŚĞ&͛Ɛ͚ďůĂĐŬďŽǆ͛ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶ-‐ ƟĂůƐƵŝĐŝĚĞƌŝƐŬŽĨĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƵƐĞŝŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶϮϬϬϰ͕ ƚŚĞĚŝĂŐŶŽƐŝƐŽĨƉĞĚŝĂƚƌŝĐĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĨƌŽŵϱƉĞƌϭϬϬϬŵĂŶĂŐĞĚĐĂƌĞĞŶƌŽůůĞĞƐƚŽϯ ƉĞƌϭϬϬϬĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐĂŵŽŶŐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚͲŶĂŝǀĞ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ǁŚŽ ǁĞƌĞ ϱ ƚŽ Ϯϭ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŽĨ ĂŐĞ ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ďǇ ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ϱϬй͘[6] dŚĞƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞ&ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĂƚ ŵĂŶǇĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ǁĞƌĞ ŶŽƚ ďĞŝŶŐƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞŵĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚŝƐŚǇƉŽƚŚĞƐŝƐŝƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ-‐ ĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŝĐŝĚĞ ƌĂƚĞƐ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ ʹ ďǇ ϭϰй ŝŶ ƚŚĞ hŶŝƚĞĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ[10] ĂŶĚ Ϯϱй ŝŶ ĂŶĂĚĂ[6]ͶŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ & ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƵƐĞ ĂŶĚĂĚĞĐůŝŶĞŝŶƐƵŝĐŝĚĞƌĂƚĞƐĂŵŽŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚǇŽƵƚŚ ŝŶƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐƉƌŝŽƌƚŽƚŚĞǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘΀ϲ͕ϳ΁ dŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĂůƌĞǀŝĞǁƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƉĞĚŝĂƚƌŝĐ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵŝĐŝĚĂůŝƚǇ ŚĂǀĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞ&ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘[5-‐11]ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐƚƵĚ-‐ ŝĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ Ă ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂů ĞīĞĐƚ ŽĨ ĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚ ƉƌĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ hŶŝƚĞĚ ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ƐƵŝĐŝĚĞƌĂƚĞƐĂŵŽŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐĚĞ-‐ ĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĨƌŽŵϰ͘ϰƉĞƌϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬƚŽϮ͘ϴƉĞƌϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϭϵϵϵĂŶĚϮϬϬϯ͕ĂƉĞƌŝŽĚĚƵƌŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐĂƐƵď-‐ ƐƚĂŶƟĂůŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƌĂƚĞƐŽĨƉƌĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨƐĞůĞĐƟǀĞ ƐĞƌŽƚŽŶŝŶ ƌĞƵƉƚĂŬĞ ŝŶŚŝďŝƚŽƌ ;^^Z/Ϳ ĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƉĞĚŝĂƚƌŝĐ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘[6] dŚĞ dƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ^ƚƵĚǇ ;d^Ϳ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŵĂũŽƌĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞĚŝƐŽƌĚĞƌ;DͿƐŚŽǁƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ ŝŶ ƐƵŝĐŝĚĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶ Ăůů ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĂƌŵƐ ďƵƚ ŶŽ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŇƵŽǆĞƟŶĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ d͘[12] DŽƌĞ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ

ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĂůƐŽŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐĂƌĞŵŽĚĞƐƚůǇ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƉĞĚŝĂƚƌŝĐ D ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽƵƚǁĞŝŐŚƚŚĞƌŝƐŬƐŽĨƐƵŝĐŝĚĂůŝůƚǇ͘[11]&ŝŶĂůůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ&͛ƐǁĂƌŶŝŶŐĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽĂůůĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐ͕ďƵƚŝƚ ĂƉƉĞĂƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚ ƵƐĞĂŶĚƐƵŝĐŝĚĂůŝƚǇŝŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐǀĂƌŝĞƐĨŽƌ ƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚǇƉĞƐŽĨĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐ͘΀ϰ΁ ĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƌĂŶĚŽŵŝǌĞĚ ĐŽŶ-‐ ƚƌŽůůĞĚ ƚƌŝĂůƐ ŽĨ ƉŚĂƌŵĂĐŽƚŚĞƌĂƉǇ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĚĞ-‐ ƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞĚŝƐŽƌĚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶĐǇŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͕[5] ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ĨŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ^^Z/Ɛ ǁĞƌĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇ ƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌƚŽƉůĂĐĞďŽ͘΀ϱ͕ϲ͕ϵͲϭϭ΁ƵƚƐŽŵĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐƌĞƉŽƌƚĂŶƟ-‐ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐŽĨůŝŵŝƚĞĚƵƐĞŝŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘[9] WƐǇĐŚŽƚŚĞƌĂƉǇ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇd͕ĂŶĚŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ƉƐǇĐŚŽƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƉĂƌĞŶƚĂů ƉƐǇĐŚŽƉĂƚŚŽůŽŐǇͿ ŝƐ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƐƚ ĐŚŝů-‐ ĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚŵŝůĚŽƌŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕΀ϳ͕ϭϬ΁ďƵƚƵƐƵĂůůǇ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂƵŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŝƚŚƐĞǀĞƌĞĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘[9]ĂƐĞĚŽŶƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƌĞǀŝĞǁƐĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞƌƚĐŽŶƐĞŶƐƵƐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƐĞǀĞƌĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƵƐŝŶŐŇƵŽǆĞƟŶĞŽƌĞƐĐŝƚĂůŽƉƌĂŵʹďŽƚŚŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚďǇƚŚĞ&ʹĂƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚͲůŝŶĞƉŚĂƌ-‐ ŵĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐǁŝƚŚ D ŝĨ ŵĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ͘[5-‐11] tŝƚŚ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƐƵŝĐŝĚĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĂĚǀĞƌƐĞ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƐĞǀĞƌĞĨŽƌŵƐŽĨƉĞĚŝĂƚƌŝĐDŽƌ ǁŝƚŚůĞƐƐƐĞǀĞƌĞDƚŚĂƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƉƐǇĐŚŽƐŽ-‐ ĐŝĂůŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐĂůŽŶĞǁŝůůŽŌĞŶďĞŶĞĮƚĨƌŽŵĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ƉƐǇĐŚŽƐŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚƉƐǇĐŚŽƉŚĂƌŵĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ References ϭ͘

Ƶz^͘^ŚŽƵůĚĂŶƟĚĞƉƌĞƐƐĂŶƚƐďĞƵƐĞĚƚŽƚƌĞĂƚĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͍ Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry ϮϬϭϯ͖ 25;ϭͿ͗ ϰϴͲϰϵ͘

Ϯ͘

ƌĂŝŐŚĞĂĚ t͘ /ŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĚĞƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘ Shanghai Archives of PsychiatryϮϬϭϯ͖25;ϭͿ͗ϱϬͲϱϭ͘

ϯ͘

tĂŐŶĞƌ͕WŽƐŶĞƌ

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression.

Antidepressants for the treatment of depression in people with cancer.

Antidepressants increase risk of behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with depression or anxiety.

Relative Safety of Different Antidepressants for Treatment of Depression in Chronic Epileptic Animals Associated with Depression.

Depression, antidepressants and driving safety.

Depression and antidepressants in patients with brain injury.

Antidepressants for Treating Depression in Adults with End-stage Kidney Disease with Dialysis.

Antidepressants for neuro-regeneration: from depression to Alzheimer's disease.

Antidepressants and suicide risk in depression.

Depression and antidepressants: a nordic perspective.

Tricyclic antidepressants and tryptophan in unipolar depression.

Attitudes and beliefs of patients with chronic depression toward antidepressants and depression.

Cognitive therapy plus medication management is better than antidepressants alone for patients with severe depression.

Antidepressants for depression in patients with dementia: a review of the literature.

Response to treatment with antidepressants of patients with severe or moderate nonpsychotic depression and of patients with psychotic depression.

Do antidepressants make children and adolescents suicidal?

Antidepressants and suicide attempts in children.

Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for sub-threshold depression and for mild major depressive disorder.

Outcome of treatment with antidepressants in patients with hypertension and undetected depression.

Antidepressants versus placebo in major depression: an overview.

Should antidepressants be used to treat childhood depression?

Improvement of Glycemic Control in Insulin-Dependent Diabetics with Depression by Concomitant Treatment with Antidepressants.

Screening for depression and anxiety disorder in children with headache.

What is not "Effective" in Mild to Moderate Depression: Antidepressants or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression?