Author's Accepted Manuscript

Antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of the mongolian medicinal plant Leptopyrum fumarioides (L): An in vitro study Delgerbat Boldbaatar, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Meriana Findakly, Safa Jabri, Batkhuu Javzan, Battsetseg Choidash, Ulf Göransson, Björn Hellman www.elsevier.com/locate/jep

PII: DOI: Reference:

S0378-8741(14)00439-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.005 JEP8850

To appear in:

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Received date: 6 February 2014 Revised date: 9 May 2014 Accepted date: 3 June 2014 Cite this article as: Delgerbat Boldbaatar, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Meriana Findakly, Safa Jabri, Batkhuu Javzan, Battsetseg Choidash, Ulf Göransson, Björn Hellman, Antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of the mongolian medicinal plant Leptopyrum fumarioides (L): An in vitro study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.



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AntigenotoxicandantioxidanteffectsoftheMongolianmedicinalplant Leptopyrumfumarioides(L):aninvitrostudy  ‡Ž‰‡”„ƒ–‘Ž†„ƒƒ–ƒ”ƒǡ„ǡ‡•ŠƒǤŽǦ‡‡†‹ƒǡ…ǡ‡”‹ƒƒ ‹†ƒŽ›†ǡƒˆƒ ƒ„”‹†ǡƒ–Š——

ƒ˜œƒ„ǡƒ––•‡–•‡‰Š‘‹†ƒ•Š„ǡŽˆ ڔƒ••‘ƒǡŒÚ”‡ŽŽƒ†ȗ  ƒ‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ‡†‹…‹ƒŽŠ‡‹•–”›ǡ‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆŠƒ”ƒ…‘‰‘•›ǡ’’•ƒŽƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ

‘šͷ͹ͶǡǦ͹ͷͳʹ͵’’•ƒŽƒǡ™‡†‡ „…Š‘‘Ž‘ˆ‹‘Ž‘‰›ƒ†‹‘–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǡŽƒƒ„ƒƒ–ƒ”ǦͶ͸ǡ

‘‰‘Ž‹ƒ …‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆŠ‡‹•–”›ǡ ƒ…—Ž–›‘ˆ…‹‡…‡ǡŽǦ‡‘—ˆ‹ƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ͵ʹͷͳʹŠ‡„‹ŽǦ

‘ǡ‰›’– †‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆŠƒ”ƒ…‡—–‹…ƒŽ‹‘•…‹‡…‡•ǡ‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ‘š‹…‘Ž‘‰›ǡ‘šͷͻͳǡǦ͹ͶͳʹͶ

’’•ƒŽƒǡ™‡†‡  ȗ††”‡••‘ˆ…‘””‡•’‘†‡…‡ǣ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ŒÚ”‡ŽŽƒǢ‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆŠƒ”ƒ…‡—–‹…ƒŽ‹‘•…‹‡…‡•ǡ‘šͷͻͳǡ’’•ƒŽƒ ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡǦ͹ͷͳʹͶ’’•ƒŽƒ™‡†‡ Š‘‡ǣΪͶ͸ͳͺͶ͹ͳͶʹͶ͹ ƒšǣΪͶ͸ͳͺͶ͹ͳͶʹͷ͸ Ǧƒ‹Žǣ„Œ‘”ǤŠ‡ŽŽƒ̷ˆƒ”„‹‘Ǥ——Ǥ•‡       



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  Ethnopharmacologicalrelevance LeptopyrumfumarioidesŠƒ•„‡‡—•‡†‹–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‹…‹‡‘ˆ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒˆ‘”–Š‡ –”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•†‹•‡ƒ•‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰†”—‰‹–‘š‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‹…‡–Š‡”‡‹•‘Ž› •’ƒ”•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–‹–•…Š‡‹•–”›ǡƒ…–‹˜‡…‘’‘‡–•ǡƒ†’Šƒ”ƒ…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ† –‘š‹…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡…–•ǡ–Š‡ƒŒ‘”ƒ‹‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›‡’Ž‘›‹‰‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒ …‡ŽŽ•™ƒ•–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡‰‡‘–‘š‹…ƒ†ƒ–‹‰‡‘–‘š‹…Ȁƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ‡š–”ƒ…–• ƒ†…‘’‘‡–•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‹•’Žƒ–Ǥ Materialandmethods …”—†‡‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ••‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†‹–‘–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǣ †‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡ǡnǦ„—–ƒ‘Žǡƒ†™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡ƒŒ‘”…‘•–‹–—‡–‘ˆ–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ƒ†ƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–ƒ„—†ƒ–…‘’‘—†• ‹–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–™‡”‡–Š‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†Ǥ†ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† —•‹‰–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›Ǣ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–ƒ…–‹˜‹–›™ƒ•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†—•‹‰–Š‡”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ •…ƒ˜‡‰‹‰ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ Results Š‡…”—†‡‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†–Š‡‹š–—”‡‘ˆ …‘’‘—†•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Žƒ––‡”ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ†ƒƒ‰‡ƒˆ–‡” –Š”‡‡Š‘—”•‡š’‘•—”‡Ǥ …‘–”ƒ•–ǡ‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹†ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘„•‡”˜‡†‹–Š‡…‡ŽŽ• –Šƒ–Šƒ†„‡‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Žƒ†™ƒ–‡”•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǡ‘”–‘–Š‡’—”‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ǥ Š‡‘Ǧ†ƒƒ‰‹‰…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‡š–”ƒ…–•ƒ†…‘’‘—†•™‡”‡–‡•–‡† –‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡†ƒƒ‰‹‰ƒ‰‡–…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǡƒŽŽ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘”‡†—…‡ –Š‡…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡ȋ–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‘—†–‘„‡–Š‡‘•–‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡



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’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡ƒ‰‡–ȌǤŠ‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘—†–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ ‘•–’”‘‹‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•Ǥ Conclusion ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ǡ…‘’‘‡–•‹L.fumarioides™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘ ’”‘–‡…––Š‡†ƒƒ‰‡‹†—…‡†„›…ƒ–‡…Š‘Žǡ’”‘„ƒ„Ž›„›ƒ…–‹‰ƒ•’‘–‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–•Ǥ  Keywordsǣ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ǡƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆŽ‘‰Ǧ…Šƒ‹‡†ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž•ƒ† Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘•ǡǦ†ƒƒ‰‡ǡ…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›ǡ•…ƒ˜‡‰‹‰ƒ••ƒ›ǡ‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒ …‡ŽŽ•   1.Introduction  ‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡—•‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡•‘—”…‡‘ˆ”‡‡†‹‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡–”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—• †‹•‡ƒ•‡••‹…‡ƒ…‹‡––‹‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡›•–‹ŽŽ’Žƒ›ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹’”‹ƒ”›Š‡ƒŽ–Š…ƒ”‡ ‹ƒ›…‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡—•‡‘ˆƒ›‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•Žƒ…••—’’‘”–‹‰ •…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…†ƒ–ƒƒ†–Š‡‹”—•‡ƒ•†”—‰•‹•„ƒ•‡†•‘Ž‡Ž›‘–”ƒ†‹–‹‘•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡’‡”’‡–—ƒ–‡† ˆ‘”‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•‹’‘”–ƒ––‘•–—†›–Š‡‹”…Š‡‹•–”›ƒ†„‹‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ȋ‘’‡•‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͲȌǤLeptopyrumfumarioidesȋǤȌ…Š„Ǥǡ‹•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‘‡ •—…Š’Žƒ–•’‡…‹‡•ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ…–‹˜‹–›ƒ†…Š‡‹•–”›‹•›‡––‘„‡•–—†‹‡†‹‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹ŽǤŠ‹• ƒ—ƒŽ’Žƒ–„‡Ž‘‰•–‘–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›ƒ—…—Žƒ…‡ƒ‡ǡƒ†‹•†‹•–”‹„—–‡†–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–‹„‡”‹ƒǡ ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǡŠ‹ƒƒ†‘”–Š‘”‡ƒǤ–Š‡‘‰‘Ž‹ƒ’Žƒ–‡ƒ—ǡ‹–‹•ˆ‘—†‹ƒ‰ƒ‹ǡ ‘—”‹ƒǡ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǦŽ–ƒ‹ǡƒ•–‘‰‘Ž‹ƒƒ†‹ ‘„‹ǦŽ–ƒ‹Ǥ –‰”‘™•‘”‹˜‡”„ƒ•ǡƒŽ‘‰ ”‘ƒ†•ǡ‘ƒ†…ƒ’•‹–‡•ǡƒ†‹Šƒ„‹–‡†ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ†ƒ•™‡‡†‹˜‡‰‡–ƒ„Ž‡‰ƒ”†‡•ƒ†…”‘’ ˆ‹‡Ž†•ǤŠ‡ƒ‡”‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ–ƒ”‡—•‡†‹‘‰‘Ž‹ƒƒ†‹„‡–ƒˆ‘Ž‡†‹…‹‡ˆ‘” –Š‡–”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆˆ‡˜‡”ǡ–›’Š‘‹†ˆ‡˜‡”ǡ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†„Ž‘‘†’”‡••—”‡ǡŽ‹˜‡”ǡ…ƒ”†‹‘˜ƒ•…—Žƒ”ƒ†



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‰ƒ•–”‘‹–‡•–‹ƒŽ†‹•‡ƒ•‡•ǡ†”‘’•›ƒ†ˆ‘”–”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹–‘š‹…ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‹‰ƒƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ǣƒ…Š‹”‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ 

Ž–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡‹•‘”‡’‘”–‘–Š‡…Š‡‹•–”›ǡˆ‡™’Šƒ”ƒ…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡

„‡‡†‘‡‘L.fumarioidesǤ –™ƒ•”‡…‡–Ž›”‡’‘”–‡†–Šƒ–‹–•ƒ“—‡‘—•ƒ†ͶͲΨ‡–Šƒ‘Ž ‡š–”ƒ…–•Šƒ˜‡…Š‘Ž‡”‡…–‹…ƒ†Š‡’ƒ–‘’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‹”ƒ–•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ••–‹—Žƒ–‹‰ ‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘–Š‡•›–Š‡•‹•ƒ†”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ˆ…Š‘Ž‹…ƒ…‹†•ȋ‹‘Žƒ‡˜‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳʹȌǤŽ•‘ǡƒ ‡š–”ƒ…–‘ˆL.fumarioides‹•‹…Ž—†‡†ƒ•‘‡…‘’‘‡–‘ˆƒƒ–‹…ƒ…‡”†”—‰–‘…Ž‡ƒ” „Ž‘‘†ƒ††‹‹‹•Š‹‰‹ˆŽƒƒ–‹‘‹Š‹‡•‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‹…‹‡ȋ„†—ŽƒǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‘—”‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆL.fumarioides‹•Ž‹‹–‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ‘–Š‡”•’‡…‹‡•ˆ”‘ –Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›ƒ—…—Žƒ…‡ƒ‡Šƒ˜‡„‡‡•–—†‹‡†‘”‡–Š‘”‘—‰ŠŽ›Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‰‡—• ClematisŠƒ•„‡‡–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–‘ˆ‡š–‡•‹˜‡…Š‡‹…ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•ǡ™Š‹…ŠŽ‡†–‘–Š‡‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –”‹–‡”’‡‡•ƒ’‘‹•ǡƒŽƒŽ‘‹†•ǡˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†•ǡŽ‹‰ƒ•ǡ•–‡”‘‹†•ǡ…‘—ƒ”‹•ǡƒ…”‘…›…Ž‹… …‘’‘—†•ǡ’Š‡‘Ž‹…‰Ž›…‘•‹†‡•ǡƒ‡‘‹ƒ†˜‘Žƒ–‹Ž‡‘‹Ž•ȋŠƒ™Žƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ ‘–Š‡”™‡ŽŽǦ‘™‰‡—•‹–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›‹•Aconitum–Šƒ–…‘’”‹•‡•‘”‡–ŠƒʹͷͲ •’‡…‹‡•ǤŠƒ–‰‡—•‹•ˆƒ‘—•ˆ‘”–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ…‡”–ƒ‹•’‡…‹‡•ƒ•’‘‹•‘•ǡ„—–‹–ƒŽ•‘ ‹…Ž—†‡••’‡…‹‡•–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›—•‡†ˆ‘”ƒ™‹†‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‡ˆˆ‡…–•ǣ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡƒ–‹’›”‡–‹…ǡƒ–‹Ǧ ‹ˆŽƒƒ–‘”›ǡƒƒŽ‰‡•‹…ǡƒ•–”‹‰‡–ǡƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–ǡƒ†ƒ–‹†‹ƒ””Š‡ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ȋ”‹˜ƒ•–ƒ˜ƒ ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ ƒ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”›•…”‡‡‹‰•–—†›ǡ™‡–‡•–‡†Ͷͻ‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–•‘ˆʹͶ ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒ’Žƒ–•ǡ—•‹‰–Š‡‡•–‡•––‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡—–ƒ‰‡‹…ƒ†ƒ–‹Ǧ—–ƒ‰‡‹… ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ȋ‘Ž†„ƒƒ–ƒ”‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ –Šƒ–•–—†›ǡ–Š‡‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–‘ˆL.fumarioides ™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽŽ›”‡†—…‡–Š‡—–ƒ–‹‘•‹†—…‡†„›ͻǦƒ‹‘ƒ…”‹†‹‡‹–Š‡ Salmonellatyphimuriumͳͷ͵͹•–”ƒ‹ǡ‹†‹…ƒ–‹‰ƒƒ–‹Ǧ—–ƒ‰‡‹…‡ˆˆ‡…–Ǥ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡–•–—†›ǡ–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›™ƒ•—•‡†–‘ˆ—”–Š‡”‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡‰‡‘–‘š‹…ƒ†ƒ–‹Ǧ ‰‡‘–‘š‹…’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡•‘ˆL.fumarioides‹‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒͷͳ͹ͺ…‡ŽŽ•ǡƒƒƒŽ‹ƒ…‡ŽŽ



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Ž‹‡…‘‘Ž›—•‡†™Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽinvitro—–ƒ‰‡‹…‹–›‘ˆ†”—‰ …ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•ƒ†‘–Š‡”…Š‡‹…ƒŽ•Ǥ ‘”†‡”–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–• ‘ˆL.fumarioidesǡ…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ…”—†‡ ‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘Žƒ”‹–›ǡƒ†ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒŽ•‘–‘ƒ ‹š–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ȋƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆŽ‘‰Ǧ…Šƒ‹‡† ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž•ƒ†Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘•Ǣ…‘’‘—†•ͳƒǦ†Ȍǡƒ†ƒ’—”‡…‘’‘—†ȋŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Ȍ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘ƒ‘–Š‡”•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǥ †ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†—•‹‰–Š‡ƒŽƒŽ‹‡˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›ǡ™Š‹…Š †‡–‡…–••‹‰Ž‡•–”ƒ†„”‡ƒ•ǡ†‘—„Ž‡•–”ƒ†„”‡ƒ•ƒ†ƒŽƒŽ‹ǦŽƒ„‹Ž‡•‹–‡•‹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ…‡ŽŽ•ǤŠ‡’”‘–‘…‘Ž—•‡†™ƒ•–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ•‹‘—”’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•‘‡š–”ƒ…–•ǡ ƒ†•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•‘ˆ‘–Š‡”–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›—•‡†‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•ȋ‡ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͻǢ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ‘”†‡”–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ–‹Ǧ‰‡‘–‘š‹…‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–”ƒ…–•ƒ†–Š‡ ’—”‡…‘’‘—†ǡ…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘Ž‘™…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š …‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘Žǡƒ‰‡‘–‘š‹…ƒ†…ƒ”…‹‘‰‡‹…ƒ‰‡–‘™–‘‹†—…‡‘–‘Ž› †ƒƒ‰‡ƒ†—–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡•–”‡••ȋ‹ƒ™ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͳǢ†‡”••‘ ƒ†‡ŽŽƒǡʹͲͲͷȌǤŠ‡•ƒ‡’”‘–‘…‘Ž™ƒ•—•‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹ƒ•‹‘—”’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡• •Š‘™‹‰–Šƒ–•‘‡…‘’‘—†•…ƒ‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ž›”‡†—…‡–Š‡†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ …ƒ–‡…Š‘Žǡ’”‘„ƒ„Ž›„›ƒ…–‹‰ƒ•ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–•ƒ–Ž‘™…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‡ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͻǢ %•‰¤”†ƒ†‡ŽŽƒǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ’Žƒ–‡š–”ƒ…–Ȁ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǡ ‹š–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•ǡƒ†’—”‡…‘’‘—†™ƒ•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹ƒ…‡ŽŽǦˆ”‡‡•›•–‡—•‹‰ –Š‡•‘Ǧ…ƒŽŽ‡†ȋʹǡʹǦ†‹’Š‡›ŽǦͳǦ’‹…”›ŽŠ›†”ƒœ›ŽȌƒ••ƒ›™‹–Š”—–‹ƒ•–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡ …‘–”‘ŽǤ   



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 2.Materialsandmethods  2.1.Plantmaterial 

 ‡”‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–•‘ˆL.fumarioides™‡”‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†‹ —‡ʹͲͳͳƒ––Š‡‘–ƒ‹…ƒŽ‰ƒ”†‡ǡ

Žƒƒ„ƒƒ–ƒ”ǡ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǤŠ‡’Žƒ–™ƒ•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„›”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Ǥ ƒ•”ƒƒ––Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǤ‘—…Š‡”•’‡…‹‡•ȋŽƒ„‡Ž‡†͵ͻǤͷǤͳǤͳͳȌ™‡”‡†‡’‘•‹–‡†ƒ––Š‡ ƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›‘ˆ‹‘‘”‰ƒ‹…Š‡‹•–”›ƒ†Šƒ”ƒ…‘‰‘•›ǡƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǡƒ†ƒ––Š‡‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆŠƒ”ƒ…‘‰‘•›ǡ’’•ƒŽƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ™‡†‡Ǥ  2.2.Proceduresusedduringthechemicalanalyses 

‡‡”ƒŽ’”‘…‡†—”‡•ǣ‹‰Š”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘™‡”‡†‘‡‹–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹‘‘†‡ —•‹‰ ƒ† ‹‘‹œƒ–‹‘‘ƒ  ȀͳͲʹ‹•–”—‡–ȋƒ–‡”•ǡȌǤ

Ž›…‡”‘Ž™ƒ•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ–”‹šǤͳƒ†ͳ͵•’‡…–”ƒ™‡”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†‘ƒƒ”‹ƒǦ •’‡…–”‘‡–‡”ȋšˆ‘”† •–”—‡–•ǡȌƒ–ͶͲͲƒ†ͳͲͲǤͳœǡ”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ……‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‰‰”ƒ†‹‡–…Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š›ȋ Ȍ™ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†—•‹‰ƒ‰Žƒ••…‘Ž— ȋƒ‡…•–”ڏ‡’ƒ”‘ǡ™‡†‡Ȍ™‹–Š‹‡”†‹ƒ‡–‡”Ͷ…ǡ’ƒ…‡†™‹–Š•‹Ž‹…ƒ‰‡Ž͸Ͳǡ ͶͲǦ͸͵μȋ‡”…ǡ ‡”ƒ›Ȍǡƒ†ƒ  ƒ„’—’ǡ‘†‡Žȋ Ž—‹†‡–‡”‹‰ …Ǥǡ Ȍǡ†‡Ž‹˜‡”‹‰ƒˆŽ‘™”ƒ–‡‘ˆͳͷǦͳͺȀ‹Ǥ ”ƒ…–‹‘•‘ˆͳͲ™‡”‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†Ǥ ”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†•‡‹Ǧ’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡™‡”‡…‘†—…–‡†‘ͳͺ…‘Ž—•ȓ —’‹–‡”ǡ ʹͷͲšʹͳǤʹȋͳͲρȌƒ†ʹͷͲšͳͲȋͷρȌȔ—•‹‰ǦͻͲͲ†‡–‡…–‹‘ƒ–ʹͳͷǤ ™ƒ•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‘•‹Ž‹…ƒ͸Ͳ ʹͷͶȋ‡”…ǢͲǤʹͷȌ’Žƒ–‡•Ǥ‘‡•™‡”‡˜‹•—ƒŽ‹œ‡†—†‡” Ž‹‰Š–ȋʹͷͶƒ†͵͸͸Ȍƒ†„›†‹’’‹‰‹ƒ˜ƒ‹ŽŽ‹Ǧ•—Žˆ—”‹…ƒ…‹†”‡ƒ‰‡–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›



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Š‡ƒ–‹‰ȋͳʹͲ‘ȌǤ…‘””‡…–‡†‡Ž–‹‰’‘‹–•™‡”‡†‡–‡”‹‡†—•‹‰ƒ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ‡Ž–‹‰ ƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—•ȋ‘†‡ŽͳͺͳͲ͵ǡŽ‡…–”‘–Š‡”ƒŽ‰‹‡‡”‹‰–†ǤǡȌǤ  š–”ƒ…–‹‘ƒ†‹•‘Žƒ–‹‘’”‘…‡†—”‡•ǣŠ‡‡š–”ƒ…–‹‘ƒ†ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ƒ–‹‘’”‘…‡†—”‡• —•‡†‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–’ƒ’‡”™‡”‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡’”‘…‡†—”‡•—•‡†‹ƒ’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†›‘–Š‡ ƒ–‹Ǧ—–ƒ‰‡‹…‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆL.fumarioides—•‹‰–Š‡‡•–‡•–ȋ—’—„Ž‹•Š‡††ƒ–ƒȌǤ‹”Ǧ †”‹‡†ǡ’‘™†‡”‡†’Žƒ–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽȋ͵ͲͲ‰Ȍ™ƒ•‡š–”ƒ…–‡†™‹–Š‡–Šƒ‘Žȋ͵έ͵ǡ‡ƒ…Š–‹‡ ʹͶŠ‘—”•Ȍƒ–”‘‘–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ǤŠ‡…‘„‹‡†‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•†”‹‡†invacuo–‘‰‹˜‡͵Ͳ‰‘ˆ ƒ•‡‹•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤŠ‡‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•–Š‡•—•’‡†‡†‹™ƒ–‡”ƒ†’ƒ”–‹–‹‘‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹•– †‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡ƒ†–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž–‘‰‹˜‡–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡ȋͶǤͻ‰Ȍǡ–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž ȋ͸‰Ȍƒ†–Š‡™ƒ–‡”Ǧ•‘Ž—„Ž‡ȋͳͻ‰Ȍ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǤŠ‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–ƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ• •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†‘•‹Ž‹…ƒ‰‡Ž—•‹‰ƒ……‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡†‰”ƒ†‹‡–…Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š›–‘ƒˆˆ‘”†ʹͻˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ ”ƒ…–‹‘ͺ™ƒ••—„Œ‡…–‡†–‘ ǦƒƒŽ›•‹•–‘‰‹˜‡ƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆˆ‘—”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– …‘’‘—†•ȋ1adȌǤŠ‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•…Š”‘ƒ–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡†—•‹‰ –‘ ƒˆˆ‘”†ͻͳˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ ”ƒ…–‹‘•™‡”‡…‘„‹‡†ƒˆ–‡”‹•’‡…–‹‘ ȋ†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡ǣ‡–Šƒ‘ŽǡͺǣʹǦͳǣͻȌ–‘‰‹˜‡–™‡Ž˜‡ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•ȋͳǦͳʹȌǤ ”ƒ…–‹‘͸ȋͳǤͶ ‰Ȍ™ƒ••‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†„›’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ–‘‰‹˜‡ͳͺ•—„Ǧˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•ȋ͸Ǧͳ–‘͸ǦͳͺȌ—•‹‰ –Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡Ž—–‹‘…‘†‹–‹‘•ǣͳͲͲΨʹƒ†ͲǤͲͷΨ ‘ˆǡƒ†͵ͲΨ…ǡ͹ͲΨʹ ƒ†ͲǤͲͷΨ ‘ˆǡƒ–ƒˆŽ‘™”ƒ–‡‘ˆͳͲȀ‹Ǥ—„Ǧˆ”ƒ…–‹‘͸Ǧ͸™ƒ•ˆ—”–Š‡”’—”‹ˆ‹‡† „›•‡‹’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ–‘›‹‡Ž†͸‰‘ˆŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ȋͷǡ͹ǡ͵ ǡͶ Ǧ –‡–”ƒŠ›†”‘š›ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ǧ͹Ǧ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Ǣ…‘’‘—†2ȌǤ    



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ǦƒŽ›•‹•ǣSeparation and identification of volatiles from the dichloromethane

sub-extract was carried out by GC-MS using a Varian 3400 GC connected to a Finnigan SSQ 7000 quadrupole mass spectrometer (UK). The GC was equipped with a split/split less injector (split less mode, 30 s; injector temperature, 230°C; carrier gas, helium with a constant pressure of 10 psi). A DB-WAX capillary column (30 m, 0.25 mm internal diameter, and 25 µm film thickness (J & W, USA) was used. The temperature program was: 40°C for 1 min increased by 4°C /min until 235°C and hold at 235°C for 10 min. The transfer line connecting GC to the MS was isothermally set to 235°C throughout the analysis. The filament off time was 4 min and the MS ion source 150°C; mass spectra were obtained at 70 eV with a mass range of 30-400 m/z. Mass spectra of compounds were compared with the Finnigan NIST2005 (National Institute of Standard and Technology) MS library and available reference compounds. One microliter aliquot containing 3 µg/µl of sample was injected to GC injector for analysis.  2.3.Characterizationandidentificationofcompounds  ͳǦ”‘’‘š›’‡–ƒ‡ȋͺͳͺȌȋ1aȌ:‘˜ƒ–‹†‡šȋIȌǣͳͲͻͻ‹Ǥ—ǤǡRt: ͸Ǥͷ͹, GC-MS; m/zͳ͵ͲǢ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘’ƒ––‡”ǣͳͳ͵ǡͻͻǡ͹ͳǡͶ͵ ͸ǡͳͲǡͳ͵Ǧ”‹‡–Š›Ž–‡–”ƒ†‡…ƒ‘Žȋͳ͹͵͸Ȍȋ1bȌǣI:ͳͳʹͳ‹Ǥ—ǤǡRt: ͳͳǤʹʹǡ ǦǢm/zʹͷ͸Ǣ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘’ƒ––‡”ǣͳͳʹǡ͹ͳ ͺǦ‡–Š›ŽŠ‡’–ƒ†‡…ƒ‡ȋͳͺ͵ͺ) (1c): I: 1746 i.u., Rt:ʹͷǤͻͷǡ Ǧǣm/zʹͷͶǢ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘’ƒ––‡”ǣʹͳʹǡͳͻ͸ǡͳͺ͵ǡͳ͸ͻǡͳͷͷǡͳͶͳǡͳʹ͸ǡͳͳ͵ǡͻͻǡͺͷǡ͹ͳǡͷ͹ǡͶ͵ ‡–”ƒ…‘•ƒ‡ȋʹͷͷͲȌȋ1dȌǣIǣʹͶͲ͹‹Ǥ—Ǥǡtǣ͵ͺǤ͸ͻǡ ǦǢm/z͵͵ͺǢˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ ’ƒ––‡”ǣʹͷʹǡʹ͵ͺǡʹʹͶǡʹͳͲǡͳͻ͸ǡͳͺʹǡͳ͸ͺǡͳͷͶǡͳͶͳǡͳʹ͹ǡͳͳʹǡͻͻǡͺͷǡ͹ͳǡͷ͹ǡͶ͵Ǥ



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—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ȋͷǡ͹ǡ͵ ǡͶ Ǧ–‡–”ƒŠ›†”‘š›ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ǧ͹Ǧ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Ȍȋ2ȌǣŠ‡‘Ž‡…—Žƒ” ˆ‘”—Žƒ™ƒ•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ•ʹͳʹͲͳͳ™‹–Š‘Ž‡…—Žƒ”‹‘’‡ƒƒ–m/zͶͶͺǤͳͲ>Ϊ@Ϊ—•‹‰ Ǧ ǦǤͳȋǦ†͸ȌǣɁ͸Ǥ͸Ͷȋͳǡ•ǡǦ͵Ȍǡ͸ǤͶͶȋͳǡ†ǡJαͳǤͺœǡǦ͸Ȍǡ͸Ǥͺ͵ ȋͳǡ†ǡJαͳǤͺœǡǦͺȌǡ͹ǤͶ͵ȋͳǡ„•ǡǦʹ̵Ȍǡ͸Ǥͻ͵ȋͳǡ†ǡJαͺǤͲǡǦͷ̵Ȍǡ͹ǤͶͳȋͳǡ†ǡJαͺǤͲœǡ Ǧ͸̵ȌǡͷǤͳͲȋͳǡ†ǡJα͹ǤͺǡǦͳ̶Ȍǡ͵ǤͶͻȋͳǡ–ǡJαͻǤͲœǡǦʹ̵̵Ȍǡ͵Ǥͷ͸ȋͳǡ–ǡJαͻǤͲœǡǦ͵̵̵Ȍǡ ͵ǤͶͳȋͳǡ–ǡJαͻǤͲœǡǦͶ̵̵Ȍǡ͵Ǥ͸ͲȋͳǡǡǦͷ̵̵Ȍ͵Ǥͺͷǡ͵Ǥ͸ͺȋʹǡ††ǡJαͳʹǤʹǡǦ͸̵̵ȌǤͳ͵ ǣɁͳ͸͵ǤͻȋǦʹȌǡͳͲ͵ǤͳȋǦ͵ȌǡͳͺʹǤͶȋǦͶȌǡͳ͸ͳǤͷȋǦͷȌͳ͸ͷǤͺȋǦ͹ȌǡͳͲͲǤͳȋǦ͸ȌǡͻͷǤͺ ȋǦͺȌǡͳͷ͹Ǥ͸ȋǦͻȌǡͳͲͷǤͻȋǦͳͲȌǡͳͳͻǤͳȋǦͳ̵Ȍǡͳͳ͵Ǥ͵ȋǦʹ̵ȌǡͳͶ͸ǤͻȋǦ͵̵ȌǡͳͷʹǤ͸ȋǦͶ̵Ȍǡ ͳͳ͸Ǥ͹ȋǦͷ̵ȌǡͳʹͲǤͳȋǦ͸̵ȌǡͳͲͲǤͷȋǦͳ̵̵Ȍǡ͹͵Ǥ͸ȋǦʹ̵̵Ȍǡ͹͹ǤͶȋǦ͵̵̵Ȍǡ͹ͲǤ͵ȋǦͶ̵̵Ȍǡ͹͸ǤͺȋǦͷ̵̵Ȍ ƒ†͸ͳǤʹȋǦ͸̵̵ȌǤ  2.4.Cellsandchemicals(forthecometandDPPHantioxidantassays)  

ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽȋͳǡʹǦ†‹Š›†”‘š›„‡œ‡‡Ȍ™ƒ•’—”…Šƒ•‡†ˆ”‘‹‰ƒŽ†”‹…ŠȋȌǡ

†‹‡–Š›Ž•—Ž’Š‘š‹†‡ȋȌˆ”‘ ‹•Š‡”…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…ȋ’ƒ‹Ȍǡ”—–‹ˆ”‘‡”… ȋ ‡”ƒ›Ȍǡƒ†ʹǡʹǦ†‹’Š‡›ŽǦͳǦ’‹…”›ŽŠ›†”ƒœ›ŽȋȌˆ”‘‹‰ƒŽ†”‹…Šȋ ‡”ƒ›ȌǤ Ž‡••‘–Š‡”™‹•‡•–ƒ–‡†ǡƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”…Š‡‹…ƒŽ•ƒ†”‡ƒ‰‡–•™‡”‡’—”…Šƒ•‡†ˆ”‘‹‰ƒǦ Ž†”‹…Šƒ††‘—„Ž‡Ǧ†‹•–‹ŽŽ‡†™ƒ–‡”™ƒ•—•‡†–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǥ ŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡–•—•‹‰–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›™‡”‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†‘‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒ ͷͳ͹ͺΪȀΫ…‡ŽŽ•ǡ…Ž‘‡͵Ǥ͹Ǥʹ…ǡ‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘”Ǥ–‡ˆƒœ‡‡ȋ–Š‡ƒ–•–”ƒ‡‡…ƒ ƒˆ‡–›••‡••‡–ǡچ‡”–¡ŽŒ‡ǡ™‡†‡Ȍǡ™Š‘‰‘––Š‡ˆ”‘”Ǥ Ǥ‘Ž‡ȋ‡ŽŽ —–ƒ–‹‘‹–ǡ”‹‰Š–‘ǡȌǤŠ‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡…—Ž–—”‡†‹—–…Š‘†‹ˆ‹‡† ͳ͸ͶͲ ‡†‹—ȋ ˜‹–”‘‰‡ǡ™‡†‡Ȍ•—’’Ž‡‡–‡†™‹–ŠͳͲΨ‘ˆŠ‡ƒ–Ǧ‹ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡†Š‘”•‡•‡”— ȋ™‡†‹•Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡–‡”‹ƒ”› •–‹–—–‡ȌǡʹǦ‰Ž—–ƒ‹‡ǡʹ•‘†‹—’›”—˜ƒ–‡ǡ ͲǤͳΨŽ—”‘‹… ͸ͺǡʹͲͲ ȀŽ’‡‹…‹ŽŽ‹ǡʹͲͲɊ‰ȀŽ•–”‡’–‘›…‹ȋ†‡•‹‰ƒ–‡†ƒ•ͳͲ



ͳͲ

‡†‹—Ȍƒ†ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†ƒ–͵͹q‹ƒŠ—‹†‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡‘ˆͷΨ΍‹ƒ‹”ˆ‘”ˆ‘—” †ƒ›•„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡͵Š‘—”•‡š’‘•—”‡–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡ȋȌǡ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǡ‹•‘Žƒ–‡† ˆŽƒ˜‘‡ƒ†‹š–—”‡•‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•ǡ…ƒ–‡…Š‘Ž‘”ƒ…‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘Žƒ†‡ƒ…Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–‘”‹•‘Žƒ–‡†…‘’‘—†•ˆ”‘L.fumarioidesǤ  2.5.Selectionofexposureconcentrations  ‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ƒ‹‡š’‡”‹‡–•ǡ’‹Ž‘–•–—†‹‡•‘ˆ•‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–›ƒ†˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›™‡”‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†–‘ ˆ‹†–Š‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡š’‘•—”‡…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‰‡‘–‘š‹…‹–›ȋ†ƒ–ƒ‘–•Š‘™Ȍǡ—•‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡•–”ƒ–‡‰›ƒ•‹‘—”’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•‘ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›—•‡†‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•ȋ‡ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͻǢʹͲͳ͵ȌǤŠ‡•‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡š–”ƒ…–•ƒ†…‘’‘—†•™‡”‡–‡•–‡†‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•‘Ž˜‡–•—•‹‰ͳ‰ȀŽƒ•–Š‡ ƒš‹—…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘†—”‹‰–Š‡‡š’‘•—”‡ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ•–Š‡…”—†‡‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†•—„Ǧ ‡š–”ƒ…–•™‡”‡‡ƒ•‹Ž›•‘Ž—„Ž‡‹ƒ–ͳͲͲ‰ȀŽǡ–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡‡š–”ƒ…–Šƒ†ƒ ƒš‹—•‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆʹͲ‰ȀŽǤŠ‡‹š–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘’‘—†•™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘„‡ •‘Ž—„Ž‡‹‡–Šƒ‘Žƒ–ͲǤͳ‰ȀŽƒ•–Š‡ƒš‹—…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ—‡–‘Ž‹‹–‡†ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ƒ‘—–‘ˆ•ƒ’Ž‡ǡ–Š‡•–‘…•‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡™ƒ•’”‡’ƒ”‡†‹ƒ–ͳ‰ȀŽǤ Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Š‹…Ž‡ȋ•‘Ž˜‡–Ȍ™ƒ•‘Ǧ–‘š‹…ƒ††‹†‘–‡š…‡‡†ͳΨǤŠ‡ ˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡…‡ŽŽ•ƒˆ–‡”͵Š‘—”•‡š’‘•—”‡™ƒ•…Š‡…‡†—•‹‰–Š‡”›’ƒ„Ž—‡‡š…Ž—•‹‘ ‡–Š‘†Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘‹…‡‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲͲͲȌǡ…‡ŽŽ˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›„‡Ž‘™͹ͲΨ‹•…‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡…›–‘–‘š‹…‹–›ǡƒ†Ž‘™‡”…‡ŽŽ˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ–Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ˜‘‹†‡†™Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‰‡‘–‘š‹…‹–›‹–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ    



ͳͳ

2.6.Cometassay 

‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›ƒˆ–‡”‡š’‘•—”‡ƒ†™ƒ•Š‹‰ǡ–Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡’—–‘‹…‡—–‹Ž–Š‡•Ž‹†‡•

ˆ‘”–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›™‡”‡”‡ƒ†›Ǥƒ…Š‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•‡–—’™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š”‡‡ ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•”—•ǡƒ†ˆ”‘‡ƒ…Š‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•”—ȋ…‡ŽŽ…—Ž–—”‡ȌǢ –Š”‡‡•Ž‹†‡•’‡”–”‡ƒ–‡–™‡”‡’”‡’ƒ”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ••ƒ›ǤŠ‡†ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† —•‹‰–Š‡ƒŽƒŽ‹‡˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ•Ž‹‰Š–Ž›‘†‹ˆ‹‡†’”‘–‘…‘Ž‘ˆ ‹‰Š‡–ƒŽǤȋͳͻͺͺȌ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›†‡•…”‹„‡†‹†‡–ƒ‹Žȋ‡ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͻȌǤˆ–‡”‡š’‘•—”‡ ƒ†•Ž‹†‡’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡Ž›•‡†ˆ‘”‘‡Š‘—”‹ƒ†ƒ””‘‘ƒ–Ͷ‘—•‹‰ƒ ˆ”‡•ŠŽ›’”‡’ƒ”‡†Ž›•‹‰•‘Ž—–‹‘ȋʹǤͷƒŽǡͳͲͲƒǦǡͳͲ”‹•Ǣ’ ƒ†Œ—•–‡†–‘ͳͲ™‹–Šƒǡ™‹–ŠͳΨ”‹–‘ǦͳͲͲƒ†ͳͲΨƒ††‡†‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž› „‡ˆ‘”‡—•‡ȌǤˆ–‡”Ž›•‹••Ž‹†‡•™‡”‡’Žƒ…‡†‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•…Šƒ„‡”ƒ† ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•„—ˆˆ‡”ȋͲǤ͵ƒǡͳƒʹǦǢ’εͳ͵Ȍ™ƒ•ƒ††‡†–‘—™‹†–Š‡ ˆ‘”ͶͲ‹ǤŠ‡‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•™ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ƒ–ʹͷȋͲǤ͹Ȁ…Ȍǡ͵ͲͲǡˆ‘”ͳͲ ‹ǤŠ‡•Ž‹†‡•™‡”‡”‡‘˜‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•—‹–ƒ†‡—–”ƒŽ‹œ‡†ˆ‘”ͳͷ‹ ™‹–ŠͲǤͶ”‹œƒ„—ˆˆ‡”ȋ’͹ǤͷȌƒ†–Š‡–Š‡›™‡”‡†”‹‡†ƒ–”‘‘–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‹ƒ …Ž‘•‡†Š‘‘†ƒ†‡’–‹ƒ…Ž‘•‡†…‘–ƒ‹‡”Ǥ 

––Š‡†ƒ›‘ˆ‹ƒ‰‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ–Š‡•Ž‹†‡•™‡”‡•–ƒ‹‡†™‹–Š‡–Š‹†‹—„”‘‹†‡ȋʹͲ

ρ‰ȀŽǢ͵ͷρŽȀ•Ž‹†‡Ȍƒ†‡šƒ‹‡†—•‹‰ƒˆŽ—‘”‡•…‡…‡‹…”‘•…‘’‡ȋŽ›’—•͸Ͳ Ǧ͵ǡ

ƒ’ƒȌǤ‹‰‹–ƒŽ‹•‡†‹ƒ‰‡•ȋͷͲ…‡ŽŽ•’‡”•Ž‹†‡Ȍ™‡”‡•…‘”‡†—•‹‰ƒ ‹”‡‹”‡ …ƒ‡”ƒȋ–‹‰”ƒ›ǢŽŽ‹‡†‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ ‡”ƒ›Ȍƒ†–Š‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡‘‡–••ƒ›  ȋ‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ •–”—‡–•ǡȌǤŽŽ•Ž‹†‡•™‡”‡…‘†‡†‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž›ƒ†•…‘”‡†„Ž‹†Ž›Ǥ ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›†‡ƒ†…‡ŽŽ•ȋ…‘‡–•™‹–Š‘—–†‹•–‹…–Š‡ƒ†•ǣDz…Ž‘—†•dzȌƒ†•—’‡”‹’‘•‡† …‘‡–•™‡”‡‘–…ƒ’–—”‡††—”‹‰–Š‡‹ƒ‰‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ„—––Š‡—„‡”‘ˆDz…Ž‘—†•dz‘‡ƒ…Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ž‹†‡ȋ͵•Ž‹†‡•Ȁ–”‡ƒ–‡–Ȍ™‡”‡•…‘”‡†ƒ—ƒŽŽ›ƒ†—•‡†ƒ•ƒ‹†‹”‡…– ‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ†‡ƒ†‘”†›‹‰…‡ŽŽ•Ǥ



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2.7.Statisticalevaluationofcometdata  

ˆ–‡”†‡…‘†‹‰–Š‡•Ž‹†‡•ǡ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‡†‹ƒ–ƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–‹‡•ȋ Ȍˆ”‘‡ƒ…Š

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒ†–”‡ƒ–‡–ȋ—•—ƒŽŽ›ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–͵…—Ž–—”‡•Ȁ–”‡ƒ–‡–Ȍ™‡”‡ ’‘‘Ž‡†ǡƒ†–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‡†‹ƒ ȋ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹ŽȌ™ƒ•–Š‡—•‡†ƒ•–Š‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‘ˆ†ƒƒ‰‡ǡƒ†–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡””‘”‘ˆ‡ƒȋȌƒ•–Š‡‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ…‡Ǥ‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‡†‹ƒ „‡–™‡‡˜‡Š‹…Ž‡Ǧ–”‡ƒ–‡†…‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•ƒ† ‡š’‘•‡†…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†—•‹‰ƒ–™‘Ǧ–ƒ‹Ž‡†–Ǧ–‡•–ˆ‘”‹†‡’‡†‡–•ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ ƒ••—‹‰‡“—ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡‡†‹ƒ˜ƒŽ—‡•ǤŠ‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‹•™ƒ•†‘‡—•‹‰–Š‡–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ“ͳͲ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ǡƒ†–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡™ƒ••‡–ƒ–δͲǤͲͷǤ  2.8.DPPHantioxidantassay  Š‡ƒ••ƒ›™ƒ•†‘‡ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‡–Š‘†‘ˆ—Ž‹•–‹…‡–ƒŽǤȋʹͲͲͶȌ™‹–Š •‘‡‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǤƒŽ‹“—‘–‘ˆͷͲͲɊŽ‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ•ƒ’Ž‡‡š–”ƒ…–• ‹‡–Šƒ‘Ž™ƒ•ƒ††‡†–‘ͷͲͲɊŽ‘ˆͲǤͲ͸‡–Šƒ‘Ž•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥƒ…Š‹š–—”‡™ƒ• ˜‘”–‡š‡†ˆ‘”ƒˆ‡™•‡…‘†•ƒ†ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘•–ƒ†‹–Š‡†ƒ”ƒ–”‘‘–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥˆ–‡” ͵Ͳ‹–Š‡ƒ„•‘”„ƒ…‡™ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†ƒ–ͷͳ͹—•‹‰ƒ•’‡…–”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡” ȋƒ‘”‘’ʹͲͲͲ…ǡŠ‡”‘…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…ǡ™‡†‡ȌǤŠ‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘•…ƒ˜‡‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ ™ƒ•…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†ƒ•–Š‡’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ȋȌ—•‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǣ ΨαͳͲͲǦȓȏȋ•ƒ’Ž‡Ǧ„ŽƒȌšͳͲͲȐȀ…‘–”‘ŽȔ™Š‡”‡–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡ǡ„Žƒǡ…‘–”‘Ž”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡ ƒ„•‘”„ƒ…‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‡”–ƒ‹…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•‡Ž‡…–‡†ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–ǡ„Žƒƒ†–Š‡…‘–”‘ŽǤ Š‡ ͷͲ˜ƒŽ—‡™Š‹…Š‹•–Š‡…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ––‘“—‡…ŠͷͲΨ‹–Š‡ ”‡ƒ…–‹‘‹š–—”‡™ƒ•…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†—•‹‰ ”ƒ’Šƒ†”‹•͸ǤŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡–•™‡”‡…ƒ””‹‡†



ͳ͵

‘—–‹–”‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ—–‹™ƒ•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡…‘–”‘ŽǤ  3.Results  3.1.DNAdamagingeffectsofextract,subextractsandcompounds 

••Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡ͳǡ–Š‡…”—†‡‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–‘ˆL.fumarioides™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘

‹…”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ†ƒƒ‰‡ƒˆ–‡”͵Š‘—”•‡š’‘•—”‡ƒ–ƒ…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆͳͲͲ P‰ȀŽǤ‘™‡”…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡™‹–Š‘—–†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•ǤŠ‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡ •—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘—†–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡†ƒƒ‰‡‹ƒ…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–™ƒ›ǡ •–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘ͳͲP‰ȀŽǡ‹†‹…ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ––Š‹•ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘™ƒ•‘”‡’‘–‡––Šƒ–Š‡…”—†‡ ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǥ …‘–”ƒ•–ǡ–Š‡–™‘‘–Š‡”•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•–‡•–‡†ȋnǦ„—–ƒ‘Žƒ†™ƒ–‡”Ȍ™‡”‡ ™‹–Š‘—–†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•™Š‡–‡•–‡†—’–‘ͳͲͲͲP‰ȀŽȋ ‹‰ǤͳȌǤ •Œ—†‰‡†„›ƒ† Ǧǡ–Š‡ʹͻˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ ‡š–”ƒ…–…‘–ƒ‹‡†Ž‘‰Ǧ…Šƒ‹‡†Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘•ǡŽ‘‰…Šƒ‹‡†ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž•ǡ•ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†ƒ† —•ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†‡–Š›Ž‡•–‡”•ǡƒ†‰Ž›…‡”‹†‡ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†‡–Š›Ž‡•–‡”•Ǥ•‹‰ Ǧ ǡ–Š‡‘•–ƒ„—†ƒ–…‘’‘—†•™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ͳǦ’”‘’‘š›’‡–ƒ‡ȋ1aȌǡ͸ǡͳͲǡͳ͵Ǧ –”‹‡–Š›Ž–‡–”ƒ†‡…ƒ‘Žȋ1bȌǡͺǦ‡–Š›ŽŠ‡’–ƒ†‡…ƒ‡ȋ1cȌǡƒ†–‡–”ƒ…‘•ƒ‡ȋ1dȌǤŠ‡•‡ …‘’‘—†•™‡”‡ƒŽŽ’”‡•‡–‹–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡƒ†™Š‡–‡•–‡†ƒ• ƒ‹š–—”‡ȋ…‘’‘—†•ͳƒǦ†Ȍǡ–Š‡›™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘‹†—…‡ƒ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹†ƒƒ‰‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›ƒ–ͳP‰ȀŽȋ ‹‰ǤʹȌǤ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹†ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘‘„•‡”˜‡†ƒ–Ž‘™‡”…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‹•ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ„—––Š‹•‹…”‡ƒ•‡™ƒ•‘– •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ǥ ǡ Ǧƒ†ǦƒƒŽ›•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–‹†‹…ƒ–‡†–Š‡ ’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆ•ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†ƒ†—•ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†‰Ž›…‡”‹†‡•ǡ•—‰ƒ”•ƒ†•‡˜‡”ƒŽƒ”‘ƒ–‹… ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡•ǤŠ‡‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ƒ–‡†‘•‹Ž‹…ƒ—•‹‰ ǤŠ‡ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘…‘–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡ ƒ‹…‘•–‹–—‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•ˆ—”–Š‡”•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†—•‹‰”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ǧȋ ‹‰Ǥ͵Ȍǡ



ͳͶ

ƒ†–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ž—–‡Ž‘‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ȋ ‹‰ǤͶȌ™ƒ•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ƒ•–Š‡ƒ‹…‘’‘‡–‹ –Š‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ǤͳǦǡ–™‘‡–ƒǦ…‘—’Ž‡††‘—„Ž‡–•ˆ‘”͸ƒ†ͺƒ–Ɂ͸ǤͺͲ’’ȋJαͳǤͺ HzȌ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰ˆ‘”‘‡’”‘–‘‹”‹‰‘ˆͷǡ͹Ǧ†‹Š›†”‘š›ˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†•ǤŠ‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆ •›•–‡ƒ–Ɂ͹Ǥ͵͸ǡ͸ǤͻͲǡƒ†͹ǤͶͲ’’…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆͳǡ͵ǡͶǦ–”‹•—„•–‹–—–‡†’Š‡›Ž—‹– ™Š‹…Š…‘ˆ‹”‡†„›ͳǦͳ…‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘••Š‘™„›•’‡…–”—ǤŠ‡‘Ž›•‹‰Ž‡–ƒ–Ɂ ͸ǤͶͺ’’‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰ˆ‘”‘‡’”‘–‘ǡ™ƒ•ƒ––”‹„—–‡†Ǧ͵–‘’”‘–‘‘ˆˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†•ǤŠ‡•‡ •’‡…–”ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆŽ—–‡‘Ž‹•‡Ž‡–‘ǤŠ‡ͳǦƒ†ͳ͵Ǧ•’‡…–”—• •Š‘™‡†ƒ‘‡”‹……‡–”‡ƒ–ɁͷǤͳͲƒ†ɁͳͳͻǤͳͶ’’ƒ†–Š‡‘……—””‡…‡‘ˆƒŽ‹’Šƒ–‹… ”‡‰‹‘ƒ–Ɂ͵ǤͶͻǡ͵Ǥͷ͸ǡ͵ǤͶͳǡ͵Ǥ͸Ͳǡ͵Ǥͺͷǡ͵Ǥ͸ͺƒ†Ɂ͹ͶǤͳͳǡ͹ͲǤ͸Ͳǡ͹ͺǤͻͶƒ†͸ͳǤ͸͹’’ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡†–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆƒ•—‰ƒ”‘‹‡–›ƒ––ƒ…Š‡†–‘͹ǤŽŽ–‘‰‡–Š‡””‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Š‡ ’”‡•‡…‡‘ˆǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡—‹–Ǥ••Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡ͷǡŽ—–‡Ž‘‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡™ƒ•ˆ‘—† –‘„‡™‹–Š‘—–†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ‹–•‘™™Š‡–‡•–‡†—’–‘ͳͲP‰ȀŽȋŠ‹‰Š‡” …‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•…‘—Ž†‘–„‡–‡•–‡††—‡–‘–Š‡Ž‹‹–‡†ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ…‘’‘—†ȌǤ  3.2.DNAprotectiveeffectsofextract,subextractsandcompounds  •‡š’‡…–‡†ǡ…ƒ–‡…Š‘Ž™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘‹†—…‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†ƒƒ‰‡‹ƒ …‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–™ƒ›ǡƒ†–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹†ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘„•‡”˜‡†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›ƒ– –Š‡Ž‘™‡•–…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘–‡•–‡†ȋ ‹‰Ǥ͸ȌǤŠ‡…‡ŽŽ˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›™ƒ•—•—ƒŽŽ›™‡ŽŽƒ„‘˜‡ͻͲΨǡ ƒ†–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆDz…Ž‘—†•dz™ƒ•—•—ƒŽŽ›„‡Ž‘™ͷΨȋ‡š…‡’–ˆ‘”–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘Žƒ††‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ†ƒ–ƒ‘–•Š‘™ȌǤ 

ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ

–Š‡‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǡˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ƒ†’—”‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡ǡ…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š‘—– †ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•™‡”‡•‡Ž‡…–‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡‹ˆ–Š‡•‡…‘•–‹–—‡–•ˆ”‘L. fumarioides…‘—Ž†ƒˆˆ‡…––Š‡†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǤ••Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͳǡ–Š‡



ͳͷ

‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡ǡ„—––Š‡”‡†—…–‹‘™ƒ• ‘–•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ǥ …‘–”ƒ•–ǡƒŽŽ–Š”‡‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž› ”‡†—…‡–Š‡…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡ǡƒ†ƒ••Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͳǡ–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ ‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡‘•– ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡ƒ‰‡–™ƒ•Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘Ǣ–Š‹•…‘’‘—†™ƒ•ƒ…–—ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘—†–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡† †ƒƒ‰‡ƒŽ‘•–„ƒ…–‘–Š‡…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡˜‡Žȋ•‡‡ ‹‰Ǥ͹ȌǤŠ‡‹š–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•ȋͳƒǦ†Ȍ ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘—†–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡†ƒƒ‰‡‹†—…‡†„›…ƒ–‡…Š‘Žǡ„—––Š‡”‡†—…–‹‘™ƒ• ‘–•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–ȋ•‡‡ ‹‰ǤͺȌǤ  3.3.Antioxidantactivityofextract,subextractsandcompounds  ••Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ʹǡ–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Žˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•Š‘™‡†ƒ‘”‡’‘–‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–›–Šƒ„‘–Š–Š‡‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†–Š‡–™‘‘–Š‡”•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ȋ–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ ‡š–”ƒ…–„‡‹‰Ž‡ƒ•–‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–ȌǤŠ‡‘•–•–”‹‹‰ˆ‹†‹‰‹–Š‡•…ƒ˜‡‰‹‰ƒ••ƒ›™ƒ• ‹†‡‡†–Š‡‡š–”‡‡Ž›’‘–‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆŽƒ˜‘‡ǡ™Š‹…Š™ƒ•ˆ‘—† –‘Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ‘•––Š‡•ƒ‡ ͷͲǦ˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ•–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡…‘–”‘Ž”—–‹Ǥ  4.Discussion  

•‹‰–Š‡ƒŽƒŽ‹‡˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›ǡ–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆL.fumarioides‘–Š‡

‹–‡‰”‹–›‘ˆ‹‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒ…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‘‹–‘”‡†—•‹‰ƒ„‹‘ƒ••ƒ›Ǧ‰—‹†‡† ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤ –Š‡ˆ‹”•–•‡–‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡–•ǡ–Š‡…”—†‡‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ–Š‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•ǡ–Š‡’—”‡ …‘’‘—†‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡƒ†ƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–ƒ„—†ƒ– …‘’‘‡–•‹‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–™‡”‡–‡•–‡†ˆ‘”



ͳ͸

–Š‡‹”ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•–‘‹†—…‡†ƒƒ‰‡ǡƒ†‹–™ƒ•“—‹–‡‘„˜‹‘—•–Šƒ––Š‡…”—†‡‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ–Š‡ †‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†–Š‡‹š–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•…‘—Ž†‹†—…‡†ƒƒ‰‡ „›–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ –Š‡•‡…‘†•‡–‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡–•ǡ–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǦ’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ Ž‘™…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•…‘•–‹–—‡–•‘ˆL.fumarioides™ƒ•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹‘—•‡ Ž›’Š‘ƒ…‡ŽŽ•…‘…‘‹–ƒ–Ž›‡š’‘•‡†–‘ƒŠ‹‰Š…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ǧ†ƒƒ‰‹‰ ’”‘Ǧ‘š‹†ƒ–…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǤ ”‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ǡ‹–™ƒ•…Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ–Ž‘™…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š”‡‡ •—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–••‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›”‡†—…‡†–Š‡…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡ȋ–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž „‡‹‰–Š‡‘•–‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–Ȍǡƒ†–Š‡‘•–•—……‡••ˆ—Ž’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡ƒ‰‡–‹–Š‡ ’”‡•‡–•–—†›™ƒ•–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǥ 

Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†–Š‡ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ͳƒǦ†‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‹••—„Ǧ

‡š–”ƒ…–™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘‹†—…‡†ƒƒ‰‡ƒ–”ƒ–Š‡”Ž‘™…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹†‹…ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ– –Š‡•‡…‘’‘‡–•ƒ›’‘••‡••’”‘’‡”–‹‡••‹‹Žƒ”–‘–Š‘•‡‘ˆŽ‹‘Ž‡‹…ƒ†ƒ”ƒ…Š‹†‘‹… ƒ…‹†•ǡ™Š‹…Š•Š‘™‡†•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡ȋ†‡‘‡–ƒŽǤǡͳͻͻͶȌǤ –Š‡”™‹•‡ǡ‘–—…Š‹•‘™ƒ„‘—––Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‰‡‘–‘š‹…‹–›‘ˆŽ‘‰Ǧ…Šƒ‹‡† Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘•ǡŽ‘‰…Šƒ‹‡†ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž•ǡ•ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†ƒ†—•ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†‡–Š›Ž‡•–‡”•ǡ ƒ†‰Ž›…‡”‹†‡ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†‡–Š›Ž‡•–‡”•ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡••‡–‹ƒŽˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†•Ž‹‡‘‡‰ƒǦ͵ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡—•‡†ƒ•†‹‡–ƒ”› •—’’Ž‡‡–•–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡”‹•ˆ‘”…ƒ”†‹‘˜ƒ•…—Žƒ”†‹•‡ƒ•‡ƒ†‘–Š‡”†‹•‡ƒ•‡•ȋ”‹•Ǧ –Š‡”–‘‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲʹǢʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡƒ”‡…‡–•–—†›Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‹•–›’‡‘ˆ …‘’‘—†•…ƒ”‡†—…‡„‡œ‘ȏƒȐ’›”‡‡Ǧ‹†—…‡†ƒ’‘’–‘•‹•ȋ‡†‡Ž±‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ 

Š‡‘•–‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ˆ‹†‹‰‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–’ƒ’‡”™ƒ•–Š‡’”‘‘—…‡†’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡

‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡‘–Š‡…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡ǤŠ‹• …‘’‘—†™ƒ•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡƒ†‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„›ƒ† ‹ˆ—ŽŽƒ‰”‡‡‡–™‹–Š…Š‡‹…ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ”‡’‘”–‡†„›‘–Š‡”•ȋ‡‡‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤInvitroǡ



ͳ͹

–Š‹•…‘’‘—†Šƒ•„‡‡•Š‘™–‘‘–‘Ž›’”‘–‡…–ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡ȋ‹ƒ ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͹Ǣƒ‘•‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳͲȌ„—–ƒŽ•‘–‘•–‹—Žƒ–‡”‡’ƒ‹”ȋƒ‘•‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ —–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡•Š‘™–‘”‡†—…‡Ž‹˜‡”–‘š‹…‹–›‹†—…‡†„›…ƒ”„‘ –‡–”ƒ…ŠŽ‘”‹†‡ȋ‹—•Š‡‰‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͶȌǡ’‘••‹„Ž›„›‹Š‹„‹–‹‰–Š‡†‡’Ž‡–‹‘‘ˆ‹–”ƒ…‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ‰Ž—–ƒ–Š‹‘‡ǡ–‘‹Š‹„‹–‹–”‹…‘š‹†‡’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ…”‘’Šƒ‰‡•ȋ—ƒ†‹––•ǡʹͲͲͶȌǡƒ†–‘ Šƒ˜‡ƒ–‹Ǧ’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ…‡ŽŽŽ‹‡•ȋƒ•ƒ”‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ –™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ ”‡…‡–Ž›ˆ‘—†–Šƒ–Ž—–‡‘Ž‹†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡•ȋŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ǡŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ”—–‹‘•‹†‡ ƒ†Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…—”‘‹†‡ȌŠƒ˜‡•–”‘‰ƒ–‹—–ƒ‰‡‹…’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‡–Š›Ž ‡–Šƒ‡•—Žˆ‘ƒ–‡‹†—…‡†—–ƒ–‹‘•‹ƒ‡—ƒ”›‘–‹……‡ŽŽ•›•–‡„ƒ•‡†‘ Saccharomycescerevisiaeȋ”Šƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ –Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘”‡…‡–Ž›„‡‡•Š‘™‹invitro –Šƒ–Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡‹†—…‡†ƒ’‘’–‘•‹•‹Š—ƒŽ‹˜‡”…ƒ…‡”…‡ŽŽ•–Š”‘—‰Š ʹȀ …‡ŽŽ…›…Ž‡ƒ””‡•–ƒ†…ƒ•’ƒ•‡Ǧ‹†‡’‡†‡–’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ȋ™ƒ‰‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡƒ†–Šƒ––Š‹• …‘’‘—†ƒŽ•‘Šƒ†ƒƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ‰ƒ‹•––ǦǦ‹†—…‡†‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡ „›•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰–Š‡”ˆʹ‡†‹ƒ–‡†Ǧͳ‡š’”‡••‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‘†—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’͵ͺƒ† –Š‡ •‹‰ƒŽ‹‰’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ȋ‘‰ƒ†ƒ”ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ –Š‡’”‡•‡–’ƒ’‡”–Š‡’‘–‡–ƒ–‹Ǧ ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡™ƒ•…‘ˆ‹”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ••ƒ›—•‹‰ƒ …‡ŽŽǦˆ”‡‡•›•–‡ǡƒ†‹–•ƒ–‹Ǧ‰‡‘–‘š‹…‡ˆˆ‡…–™‹–Š–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›—•‹‰‘—•‡ Ž›’Š‘ƒ…‡ŽŽ•Ǥ 

—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡‹•…Ž‘•‡Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‘”‹‡–‹ȋŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͸Ǧ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Ȍǡ™Š‹…Š

Šƒ•„‡‡ˆ‘—†‹–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›—•‡†‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•ǤŠƒ–…‘’‘—†•‡‡•–‘Žƒ…’”‘Ǧ ‘š‹†ƒ–‡ˆˆ‡…–•ȋƒ‡˜‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͲǢ”‹†ƒƒ†ƒ‡˜‹ǡʹͲͲͳȌǡ„—–Šƒ•„‡‡•Š‘™ –‘„‡ƒ’‘–‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•›•–‡•ȋƒ‡˜‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͲǢŠ‡‡Ž ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ Žƒ˜‘‘‹†•Ž‹‡Ž—–‡‘Ž‹ǡ“—‡”…‹–”‹ȋ“—‡”…‡–‹Ǧ͵ǦǦ”Šƒ‘•‹†‡Ȍƒ† ƒ‡’ˆ‡”‘ŽŠƒ˜‡ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‹‘‡•–—†›‘Š—ƒŽ›’Š‘…›–‡•ǡ‹†‡‡†„‡‡•Š‘™–‘ Šƒ˜‡„‡––‡”’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•–Šƒ˜‹–ƒ‹ȋ‘”‘‘œ‹‡–ƒŽǤǡͳͻͻͺȌǤ‡˜‡”ƒŽ



ͳͺ

‡…Šƒ‹••„‡Š‹†–Š‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ǡ‘”‹‡–‹ƒ† ‘–Š‡”ˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡†‹•…—••‡†ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰ȋiȌƒˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†Ǧ‡†‹ƒ–‡†”‡†—…–‹‘‘ˆ ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡‘š›‰‡•’‡…‹‡•ȋ„›…Š‡Žƒ–‹‰”‡†‘šǦƒ…–‹˜‡‡–ƒŽ•ƒ†Ȁ‘”‹Š‹„‹–‹‰Ǧ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰‡œ›‡•ȌǢȋiiȌƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆ”‡‡‘š›‰‡”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ•ȋ„›„‹†‹‰ —’–Š‡”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ•Ȍƒ†Ȁ‘”ȋiiiȌ„›—’”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†’”‘–‡…–‹‘‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹–”ƒ…‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†‡ˆ‡•‡‡…Šƒ‹••ȋ‹‡––ƒǡʹͲͲͲǢ‡‡Ž‹‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͻǢ—ƒ”ƒ†ƒ†‡›ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ 



5.Conclusion  Š‡‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†–Š‡–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ– L.fumarioides™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘Šƒ˜‡…Ž‡ƒ”Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡•™Š‡‹–…ƒ‡–‘–Š‡‹” †ƒƒ‰‹‰ƒ†’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǤŠ‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–ǡƒ†ƒ ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‹••—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–…‘–ƒ‹‹‰ƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆŽ‘‰Ǧ…Šƒ‹‡†ƒŽ…‘Š‘Ž•ƒ† Š›†”‘…ƒ”„‘•ǡ™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘…‘–ƒ‹–Š‡‘•–’‘–‡–Ǧ†ƒƒ‰‹‰ƒ‰‡–•Ǥ––Š‡ •ƒ‡–‹‡ǡ–Š‡‡š–”ƒ…–ƒ†ƒŽŽ•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘”‡†—…‡…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡† †ƒƒ‰‡™Š‡–Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘‘Ǧ†ƒƒ‰‹‰…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ …‘•–‹–—‡–•ˆ”‘–Š‡’Žƒ–ǡ„—––Š‡‘•–•–”‹‹‰ˆ‹†‹‰™ƒ•–Šƒ–ƒ…‘’‘—†ȋŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ ͹ǦOǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Ȍ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–•Š‘™‡†‘–‘Ž›ƒ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž› ‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–Ǧ’”‘–‡…–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒ’‘–‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…– ‹–Š‡Ǧƒ••ƒ›Ǥ˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‹•ˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹† •Š‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†—’ƒ•ƒ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›—•‡ˆ—Žǡƒ†‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–ˆ‘”Š—ƒ—•‡ǡ ‘”‡–Š‘”‘—‰Šinvivo•–—†‹‡•‘‹–•’Šƒ”ƒ…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‹…ƒ…›ƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›ƒ”‡™ƒ””ƒ–‡†Ǥ    



ͳͻ

Acknowledgements  

ǤǤ™ƒ••—’’‘”–‡†„›–Š‡ƒŠ‡˜ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ȋˆ‹ƒ…‡†„›”ƒ•—•—†—•

…–‹‘ʹȌǡǤ Ǥ™ƒ••—’’‘”–‡†„›‰”ƒ–•ˆ”‘–Š‡™‡†‹•Š ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–”ƒ–‡‰‹… ‡•‡ƒ”…Šȋ͓ Ͳ͸ǦͲͲͷͺȌƒ†–Š‡™‡†‹•Š‡•‡ƒ”…Š‘—…‹Žȋ͓͸ʹͳǦʹͲͲ͹Ǧͷ͸͹Ȍǡƒ†ǤǤ „› ƒ…—Ž–›‰”ƒ–•ǤǤǤ–Šƒ•–Š‡Š‡‹•–”›‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ––Š‡ŽǦ‡‘—ˆ‹ƒˆ‘” ‰”ƒ–‹‰Š‹Ž‡ƒ˜‡–‘˜‹•‹–’’•ƒŽƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘……ƒ•‹‘•Ǥ  References „†—ŽƒǡǤǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ‡–Š‘†ˆ‘”’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽŠ‹‡•‡‡†‹…‹‡Ǧ…‘–ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ–‹–—‘”ƒ‰‡–™‹–Šƒ–‹Ǧ‹ˆŽƒƒ–‘”›‡ˆˆ‡…–Ǥ ƒ‹‰—ƒŽ‹Š‡‰‹‰ǡƒ–‡–ǡ ͳͲʹͺͺ͸ͲͳͶǤ †‡”••‘ǡǤǡ‡ŽŽƒǡǤǡʹͲͲͷǤ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ ’‰ƒ††‘ ‘…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡‹‡š–‡†‡†Ǧ–‡”…—Ž–—”‡•‘ˆŠ—ƒŽ›’Š‘…›–‡•ƒ† ͷͳ͹ͺ‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒ…‡ŽŽ•Ǥ‘š‹…‘ŽǤ‹‹–”‘ͳͻǡ͹͹ͻǦ͹ͺͻǤ ƒ•ƒ”ǡǤǤǡ ‰ƒ…‹—–Š—ǡǤǡ‹…Šƒ‡Žǡ ǤǤǡŽ—ƒ‹”ǡǤŠǡʹͲͳͲǤƒ…‡” …Š‡‘’”‡˜‡–‹˜‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‘ˆŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘Ophiorrhiza mungus‹Ǥ—–”Ǥƒ…‡”͸͵ǡͳ͵ͲǦͳ͵ͺǤ ‘Ž†„ƒƒ–ƒ”ǡǤǡ——”„ƒƒ–ƒ”ǡǤǡ‡†‡˜ǡǤǡŠ‘‹†ƒ•ŠǡǤǡ ƒ˜œƒǡǤǡʹͲͳͲǤ –‹—–ƒ‰‡‹…ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‘ˆ•‘‡‘‰‘Ž‹ƒ‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•Ǥ Ǥ‰”‹…—ŽǤ…‹Ǥ ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒǤͷǡʹͶǦʹͺǤ ‡‡Ž‹ǡǤǡƒ—‰ƒ”–‡”ǡǤǡ†‡”•‘ǡǤǡʹͲͲͻǤ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–•ƒ†–Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ 

—–ƒ–Ǥ‡•Ǥ͸ͺͳǡͷͳǦ͸͹Ǥ

Šƒ™ŽƒǡǤǡ—ƒ”ǡǤǡŠƒ”ƒǡǤǡʹͲͳʹǤŠ‡‰‡—•Clematisȋƒ—…—Žƒ…‡ƒ‡Ȍǣ Š‡‹…ƒŽƒ†’Šƒ”ƒ…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•Ǥ Ǥ–Š‘’Šƒ”ƒ…‘ŽǤͳͶ͵ǡͳͳ͸ǦͳͷͲǤ



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Š‡‡Žǡ ǤǡŠ‡‘‘†—Ž‘œǡǤǡ‘†”‹‰—‡œǡ Ǥǡ…Š‡†ƒǦ‹”•…Šƒǡ ǤǡʹͲͲͷǤ ”‡‡”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ •…ƒ˜ƒ‰‡”•ƒ†ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–•ˆ”‘Lemongrass(Cymbopogoncitatus(D.C.)Stapf.ȌǤ

Ǥ‰”‹…—Ž–Ǥ ‘‘†Š‡Ǥͷ͵ǡʹͷͳͳǦʹͷͳ͹Ǥ ‡ƒǡ Ǥǡ‰‹†ƒ™‘”ǡǤǡ‡ŽŽƒǡǤǡʹͲͲͻǤ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‰‡‘–‘š‹…‹–›‘ˆ’Žƒ–‡š–”ƒ…–• —•‡†‹–Š‹‘’‹ƒ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‹…‹‡Ǥ Ǥ–Š‘’Šƒ”ƒ…‘ŽǤͳʹʹǡͳ͵͸ǦͳͶʹǤ ‡ƒǡ ǤǡƒŽŽ„‡”‰ǡǤǡ‡ŽŽƒǡǤǡʹͲͲͻǤ ‡‘–‘š‹…‹–›‘ˆ’Ž—„ƒ‰‹ƒ†‹–•‡ˆˆ‡…–• ‘…ƒ–‡…Š‘Žƒ†Ǧ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡‹‘—•‡Ž›’Š‘ƒ…‡ŽŽ•Ǥ‘š‹…‘ŽǤ ‹‹–”‘ʹ͵ǡʹ͸͸Ǧʹ͹ͳǤ ‡ƒǡ ǤǡŽǦ‡‡†‹ǡǤǡ‰‹†ƒ™‘”ǡǤǡ‡–ƒ„‘›‡ǡǤǡ ڔƒ••‘ǡǤǡ‡ŽŽƒǡǤǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥinvitro•–—†›‘–Š‡†ƒƒ‰‹‰‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ’Š›–‘…Š‡‹…ƒŽ•’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘ƒ‡š–”ƒ…–‘ˆGlinuslotoidesǤŠ›–‘–Š‡”Ǥ‡•Ǥʹ͹ǡͷͲ͹ǦͷͳͶǤ ‡†‡Ž±ǡǤǡ‡’Ž‹ǡǤǡƒ”†‘‹°”‡ǡǤǡ‘Ž‡ǡ ǤǤǡ‡„—”‡ǡǤǡƒ–Š‡Ž‹‡ǡǤǡ”Ž–ǡǤǤǡ ƒ‰›ǡǤǡŠ‹ŽŽ‹’•ǡǤǤǡ]˜”‡„ÞǡǤǡ‘ŽŽ‡”—’ǡǤǡ‘´–ǡǤǡŠ‡˜ƒ‡ǡǤǡ‹‘—šǡǤǡ ‹ƒ…Š‡Ǧ‘‹–”‡ŽǡǤǦǤǡ‡”‰‡–ǡǤǡƒ‰ƒ†‹…Ǧ ‘••ƒǡǤǡʹͲͳͶǤ”‘–‡…–‹˜‡ ƒ…–‹‘‘ˆǦ͵ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†•‘„‡œ‘ȏƒȐ’›”‡‡Ǧ‹†—…‡†ƒ’‘’–‘•‹•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ’Žƒ•ƒ‡„”ƒ‡”‡‘†‡Ž‹‰Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–ͳ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›ǤŠ‡Ǥ‹‘ŽǤ –‡”ƒ…–Ǥ ʹͲ͹ǡͶͳȂͷͳǤ —ǡǤǤǡ‹––•ǡǤǤǡʹͲͲͶǤ–—†‹‡•‘–Š‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‘ˆEchinacea”‘‘– ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǥ Ǥ‰”‹…—Ž–Ǥ ‘‘†Š‡ǤͶͺǡͳͶ͸͸ǦͳͶ͹ʹǤ ™ƒ‰ǡǤǦ Ǥǡ‡‡ǡǤǦ Ǥǡ‹ǡǤǦǤǡ™ƒ‰ǡǤǦǤǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ‘Ž‡…—Žƒ”‡…Šƒ‹••‘ˆŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ ͹ǦǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡Ǧ‹†—…‡†‰”‘™–Š‹Š‹„‹–‹‘‘Š—ƒŽ‹˜‡”…ƒ…‡”…‡ŽŽ•ǣ ʹȀ…‡ŽŽ …›…Ž‡ƒ””‡•–ƒ†…ƒ•’ƒ•‡Ǧ‹†‡’‡†‡–ƒ’‘’–‘–‹…•‹‰ƒŽ‹‰’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•Ǥ‡’Ǥ Ͷ͸ǡ͸ͳͳȂ͸ͳ͸Ǥ †‡‘ǡǤǤǤǤǡ–‡ƒƒ”™‡”ǡ Ǥǡ™‹‰ƒǡ Ǥǡ˜ƒƒƒ‡ǡ ǤǤǤǡŽ‡‹Œƒ•ǡ ǤǤǤǡ 

ͳͻͻͶǤ‡”‘š‹†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‘Ž‡‹…ǡƒ”ƒ…Š‹†‘‹…ƒ†‘Ž‡‹…ƒ…‹†‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡



ʹͳ ‹†—…–‹‘‘ˆ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡ƒ†…›–‘‰‡‡–‹…‡ˆˆ‡…–•Ǥƒ”…‹‘‰‡‡•‹•ͳͷǡ ͳ͵ͻͻǦͳͶͲͶǤ

”‹•Ǧ–Š‡”–‘ǡǤǤǡƒ””‹•ǡǤǤǡ’’‡ŽǡǤ ǤǡʹͲͲʹǤ ‹•Š…‘•—’–‹‘ǡˆ‹•Š‘‹Žǡ‘‡‰ƒǦ͵ ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†•ƒ†…ƒ”†‹‘˜ƒ•…—Žƒ”†‹•‡ƒ•‡Ǥ‹”…—Žƒ–‹‘ͳͲ͸ǡʹ͹Ͷ͹Ǧʹ͹ͷ͹Ǥ ”‹•Ǧ–Š‡”–‘ǡǤǤǡƒ””‹•ǡǤǤǡ’’‡ŽǡǤ ǤǡʹͲͲ͵Ǥ‡‰ƒǦ͵ˆƒ––›ƒ…‹†•ƒ† …ƒ”†‹‘˜ƒ•…—Žƒ”†‹•‡ƒ•‡ǣ‡™”‡…‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡‡”‹…ƒ‡ƒ”– ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ”–ǤŠ”‘„Ǥƒ•…Ǥ‹‘ŽǤʹ͵ǡͳͷͳǦͳͷʹǤ —Ž‹•‹…ǡǤǡƒ†‘‹…ǡǤǡƒ–ƒŽ‹‹…ǡǤǡ‹Ž‘•ǡǤǡʹͲͲͶǤ•‡‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡–Š‘†•ˆ‘” 

–‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‘ˆ‘”‡‰ƒ‘‡••‡–‹ƒŽ‘‹ŽǤ ‘‘†Š‡Ǥͺͷǡ͸͵͵Ǧ͸ͶͲǤ

—ƒ”ǡǤǡƒ†ƒ†‡›ǡǤǤǡʹͲͳ͵ǤŠ‡‹•–”›ƒ†‹‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‘ˆ Žƒ˜‘‘‹†•ǣ 

˜‡”˜‹‡™Ǥ…‹Ǥ‘”Ž† Ǥǡͳ͸’ƒ‰‡•ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ†šǤ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳͳͷͷȀʹͲͳ͵Ȁͳ͸ʹ͹ͷͲ

‡‡ǡ ǤǤǡƒ”ǡǤǤǡ‡‡ǡǦǤǡ‹ǡǦǤǡ‡‘ǡǤǤǡ‹ǡ ǤǤǡƒ‡ǡ ǦǤǡ ƒ‰ǡǤǤǡ ƒǤ ǤǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ †‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†“—ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’Š‡‘Ž‹… …‘’‘—†•‹–Š‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǧ…‘–ƒ‹‹‰ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡•‡‡†‘ˆ ‘”‡ƒ’‡”‹ŽŽƒȋPerillafrutescensȌ…—Ž–‹˜ƒ”•Ǥ ‘‘†Š‡Ǥͳ͵͸ǡͺͶ͵ǦͺͷʹǤ ‹‰ƒƒǡǤǡƒ˜ƒƒ•—”‡ǡǤǡ‹Œ‹ŽǡǤǡʹͲͲ͸Ǥ‡†‹…‹ƒŽ’Žƒ–•‘ˆ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒ—•‡†‹ ‡•–‡”ƒ†ƒ•–‡”‡†‹…‹‡Ǥ ’”‹–‹‰ǡŽƒ„ƒƒ–ƒ”ǡͺͺǦͺͻǤ ‹ƒǡǤ ǤǡƒŽ‡–ƒ‘ǡǤǤǡ†”ƒ†‡ǡǤǤǡ‡ƒ„”ƒǡǤǤǡ ‡”ƒ†‡•Ǧ ‡””‡‹”ƒǡǤǡ ‡”‡‹”ƒǦ‹Ž•‘ǡǤǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥƒ–‡”ƒ†‡–Šƒ‘Ž‹…‡š–”ƒ…–•‘ˆSalviaofficinalis ’”‘–‡…–‡’ ʹ…‡ŽŽ•ˆ”‘–Ǧ‹†—…‡†‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡ǤŠ‡ǤǦ‹‘ŽǤ –‡”ƒ…–Ǥ ͳ͸͹ǡͳͲ͹ǦͳͳͷǤ ‘’‡•ǡǤǤǡŽ„ƒ‘ǡ Ǥǡƒ”ƒŒƒǡ ǤǤǤǡŽ˜‡•ǡǤǤǡ†‡‹Ž˜ƒǡǤ ǤǤǡ†‡‘—œƒǡ ǤǤǡ†‡ ƒ‰ƒŽŠƒœƒ‡•”ƒ—Œ‘ǡ Ǥǡ‘‰—‡‹”ƒǦ‡–‘ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ‡Žœ‡•œ™ƒŽ„ǡ Ǥǡ‘˜ƒ”›ǡǤǡʹͲͲͲǤ ‘š‹…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘„›invitroƒ†invivoƒ••ƒ›•‘ˆƒƒ“—‡‘—•‡š–”ƒ…– ’”‡’ƒ”‡†ˆ”‘EchindorusmacrophyllusŽ‡ƒ˜‡•Ǥ‘š‹…‘ŽǤ‡––Ǥͳͳ͸ǡͳͺͻǦͳͻͺǤ



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‹‘Žƒ›‡˜ǡǤǤǡƒŽœ‹Š‹”‘˜ǡǤ Ǥǡƒ„—›‡˜ƒǡǤ Ǥǡƒœ—˜ƒ›‡˜ƒǡƒǤ Ǥǡ ‡†‘”‘˜ǡǤǤǡ ʹͲͳͳǤˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ‡š–”ƒ…–‘ˆ–Š‡LeptopyrumfumarioidesȋǤȌ‘‡š‘…”‹‡Ž‹˜‡” ˆ—…–‹‘‹™Š‹–‡”ƒ–•Ǥš’Ǥ‡•Ǥ‹‘ŽǤ‡†Ǥ—ŽŽǤ͹͹ǡͳͷͷǦͳͷͺǤ ‘”‘‘œ‹ǡǤǡ‰‡”•‘ǡǤ Ǥǡ‡ƒǡǤǤǡͳͻͻͺǤˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†•ƒ†˜‹–ƒ‹‘ ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡–‘Š—ƒŽ›’Š‘…›–‡•ǤǤ ǤŽ‹Ǥ—–”Ǥ͸͹ǡͳʹͳͲǦͳʹͳͺǤ ‹ƒ™ƒǡǤǡ‹”‘•ƒ™ƒƒǡ Ǥǡ‹”ƒ™ƒƒǡǤǡƒ™ƒƒ•Š‹ǡǤǡʹͲͲͳǤ‹–‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‹–›ƒ† ‡…Šƒ‹••‘ˆ‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡†ƒƒ‰‡‹†—…‡†„›…ƒ”…‹‘‰‡‹……ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǤ ƒ”…‹‘‰‡‡•‹•ʹʹǡͳʹ͵ͻǦͳʹͶͷǤ ”Šƒǡ Ǥǡ —ŽŽ—…‡ǡǤǡœƒǡǤǡŽ’•‘›ǡǤǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‰‡‘–‘š‹… ’‘–‡…‹‡•‘ˆ•‘‡Ž—–‡‘Ž‹†‡”‹˜ƒ–‹˜‡•„›—•‹‰ƒ‡—ƒ”›‘–‹……‡ŽŽ•›•–‡ǡ ƒ……Šƒ”‘›…‡•…‡”‡˜‹•‹ƒ‡Ǥ ‘‘†Š‡ǤͳͶͳǡ͵͸͸Ȃ͵͹ʹǤ ‹—•Š‡‰ǡǤǡ‹Ž‹‰ǡǤǡ ƒ‰ǡǤǡ‡‰ǡǤǡŠƒ‰Šƒ‹ǡǤǡʹͲͲͶǤ”‘–‡…–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹Ǧ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–Ž‹˜‡”‹Œ—”›…ƒ—•‡†„›…ƒ”„‘–‡–”ƒ…ŠŽ‘”‹†‡‹”ƒ–•Ǥ Šƒ”ƒœ‹‡ͷͻǡʹͺ͸ǦʹͺͺǤ ‹‡––ƒǡǤǦ ǤǡʹͲͲͲǤ Žƒ˜‘‘‹†•ƒ•ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–•Ǥ Ǥƒ–Ǥ”‘†Ǥ͸͵ǡͳͲ͵ͷǦͳͲͶʹǤ ƒ‘•ǡǤǤǡœ“—‡–ƒǡǤǡ‡”‡‹”ƒǦ‹Ž•‘ǡǤǡ‘ŽŽ‹•ǡǤǤʹͲͳͲǤ‘Ž›’Š‡‘Ž‹… …‘’‘—†•ˆ”‘ƒŽ˜‹ƒ•’‡…‹‡•’”‘–‡…–…‡ŽŽ—Žƒ”ˆ”‘‘š‹†ƒ–‹‘ƒ† •–‹—Žƒ–‡”‡’ƒ‹”‹…—Ž–—”‡†Š—ƒ…‡ŽŽ•Ǥ Ǥ‰”‹…—Ž–Ǥ ‘‘†Š‡Ǥͷͺǡ͹Ͷ͸ͷǦ ͹Ͷ͹ͳǤ ƒ…Š‹”ǡǡƒ–Š——ǡ Ǥǡ‘Ž†•ƒ‹ŠƒǡǤǡ‘ƒ–•—ǡǤǡʹͲͲͷǤŠ‡‡…›…Ž‘’‡†‹ƒ‘ˆ ‘‰‘Ž‹ƒ—•‡ˆ—Ž’Žƒ–•Ǥ†‘”‹–‹‰ǡŽƒ„ƒ–ƒƒ–ƒ”ʹǡͳͺͲǤ ‹‰ŠǡǤǤǡ…‘›ǡǤǤǡ‹…‡ǡǤǤǡ…Š‡‹†‡”ǡǤǤǡͳͻͺͺǤ•‹’Ž‡–‡…Š‹“—‡ˆ‘” 

“—ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‘™Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ†ƒƒ‰‡‹‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ…‡ŽŽ•Ǥš’Ǥ‡ŽŽ‡•Ǥͳ͹ͷǡ



ͳͺͶǦͳͻͳǤ





ʹ͵

‘‰ǡǤǤǡƒ”ǡǤǤǡʹͲͳͶǤ—–‡‘Ž‹ƒ†Ž—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦǦ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡•–”‡‰–Š‡ƒ–‹‘š‹†ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‘†—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ˆʹȀ‡†‹ƒ–‡†Ǧͳ•‹‰ƒŽ‹‰ …ƒ•…ƒ†‡‹ʹ͸ͶǤ͹…‡ŽŽ•Ǥ ‘‘†Š‡Ǥ‘š‹…‘ŽǤ͸ͷǡ͹ͲȂ͹ͷǤ ”‹˜ƒ•–ƒ˜ƒǡǤǡŠƒ”ƒǡǤǡƒƒŽǡǤǡ‘„”‹›ƒŽǡǤǤǡ ƒ†‘ǡǤǤǡʹͲͳͲǤ†˜ƒ…‡‡– ‹”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‘…‘‹–—•’Ǥȋƒ—…—Žƒ…‡ƒ‡Ȍ—†‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ”‡ƒǣ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ ‹‘–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡͻǡͶͳͳǦͶʹ͹Ǥ ‹…‡ǡǤǤǡ‰—”‡ŽŽǡǤǡ†‡”•‘ǡǤǡ—”Ž‹•‘ǡǤǡƒ”–ƒǡǤǡ‘„ƒ›ƒ•Š‹ǡǤǡ‹›ƒƒ‡ǡ Ǥǡ‘Œƒ•ǡǤǡ›—ǡ ǤǦǤǡƒ•ƒ‹ǡǤ ǤǡʹͲͲͲǤ‹‰Ž‡…‡ŽŽ‰‡ŽȀ…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›ǣ —‹†‡Ž‹‡• ˆ‘”invitroƒ†invivo‰‡‡–‹…–‘š‹…‘Ž‘‰›–‡•–‹‰Ǥ˜‹”‘Ǥ‘ŽǤ—–ƒ‰‡Ǥ͵ͷǡʹͲ͸Ȃ ʹʹͳǤ ƒ‡˜‹ǡǤǡ ƒƒ•‘—†ƒ”‹ǡǤǡ”‹†ƒǡǤǡ”‹‹˜ƒ•ƒǡǤǤǡ‹”‹•ŠƒǡǤǤǡ ʹͲͲͲǤƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘’”‘–‡…–‹‘„›–Š‡…‹—ˆŽƒ˜‘‘‹†•‘”‹‡–‹ƒ†˜‹…‡‹ǣ ‡…Šƒ‹••‘ˆƒ…–‹‘Ǥƒ†Ǥ‡•ǤͳͷͶǡͶͷͷǦͶ͸ͲǤ ”‹†ƒǡǤǡƒ‡˜‹ǡǤʹͲͲͳǤƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘’”‘–‡…–‹‘‘ˆŠ—ƒŽ›’Š‘…›–‡…Š”‘‘•‘‡ invitro„›‘”‹‡–‹ƒ†˜‹…‡‹Ǥ—–ƒ–Ǥ‡•ǤͶͻͺǡ͵ͻǦͶ͸Ǥ %•‰¤”†ǡǡ‡ŽŽƒǡǤǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆEǦ…ƒ”‘–‡‡‘…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ‹†—…‡†‰‡‘–‘š‹…‹–›‹ ˜‹–”‘ǣ˜‹†‡…‡‘ˆ„‘–Š‡Šƒ…‡†ƒ†”‡†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡Ǥ ”‡‡ƒ†Ǥ‡•ǤͶ͹ǡ ͸ͻʹǦ͸ͻͺǤ       



ʹͶ

LegendstoTables  Table1:EffectofextractandsubextractsofL.fumarioidesontheDNAdamageinduced bycatechol Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•ƒ††ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹Žȋƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–›Ȍƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ‹‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•‹–Š‡…‘‡– ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‘Ž›‡š’‘•‡†–‘–Š‡˜‡Š‹…Ž‡ȋȌǤ α—„‡”‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡–•ȋʹǦ͵•Ž‹†‡•Ȁ–”‡ƒ–‡–ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡–ǢͷͲ…‡ŽŽ•Ȁ•Ž‹†‡Ȍ Š‹•…‘…‡–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘Ž™ƒ•—•‡†‹ƒŽŽ…‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‡š’‘•—”‡•

ȗȗδͲǤͲͳȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ ȗȗȗδͲǤͲͲͳȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ  Table2:DPPHradicalscavengingactivityofextract,subextractsandcompoundsofL. fumarioides ‹•–”‹„—–‹‘•‹†‹…ƒ–‡–Š‡ͻͷΨ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ

 LegendstoFigures:  Fig.1:DNAdamagingeffectsofextractandsubextracts. Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•ƒ††ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹Žȋƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–›Ȍƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ‹‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•‹–Š‡…‘‡– ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ‡ǣ”—†‡‡–Šƒ‘Ž‡š–”ƒ…–Ǣǣ‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„‡š–”ƒ…–ǢǣǦ „—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǣǣƒ“—‡‘—••—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–Ǥ‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡Ǥ ȗȗȗδͲǤͲͲͳȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ  



ʹͷ

Fig.2:DNAdamagingeffectofamixtureofcompounds(1ad) Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•ƒ††ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹Žȋƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–›Ȍƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ‹‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•‹–Š‡…‘‡– ƒ••ƒ›ǤŠ‡‹š–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•…ƒ‡ˆ”‘‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡ †‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–.‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡Ǥ ȗȗδͲǤͲͳȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ  Fig.3ǣAnalyticalHPLCchromatogramofthenbutanolsubextract.Themostabundant compoundluteolin7Oglucosideisannotated.  Fig.4:Chemicalstructuresoflongchainedalcohols,hydrocarbonsandaflavoneisolated fromL.fumarioides Š‡‹š–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’‘—†•‹ƒˆ”ƒ…–‹‘‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡†‹…ŠŽ‘”‘‡–Šƒ‡•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…– ™‡”‡ǣȋ1aȌǢ͸ǡͳͲǡͳ͵Ǧ–”‹‡–Š›Ž–‡–”ƒ†‡…ƒ‘Žȋ1bȌǢͺǦ‡–Š›ŽŠ‡’–ƒ†‡…ƒ‡ȋ1cȌǢƒ† –‡–”ƒ…‘•ƒ‡ȋ1dȌǤŠ‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡nǦ„—–ƒ‘Ž•—„Ǧ‡š–”ƒ…–™ƒ•ǣŽ—–‡‘Ž‹Ǧ͹ǦOǦ ‰Ž—…‘•‹†‡ȋ2ȌǤ Fig.5:DNAdamagingeffectofluteolin7Oglucosidealone. Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•ƒ††ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹Žȋƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–›Ȍƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ‹‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•‹–Š‡…‘‡– ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡Ǥ Fig.6:DNAdamagingeffectofcatecholalone. Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•ƒ††ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹Žȋƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–›Ȍƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ‹‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•‹–Š‡…‘‡– ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡Ǥ ȗȗȗδͲǤͲͲͳȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ



ʹ͸

Fig.7:Effectoftheflavoneluteolin7OglucosideoncatecholinducedDNAdamage. Š‡…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†ˆ‘”͵Š‘—”•ƒ†–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽƒ˜‘‡‘–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ…ƒ–‡…Š‘ŽǦ ‹†—…‡††ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡‘”†‡…”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹–Š‡–ƒ‹Žȋ‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ƒ‹Ž‹–‡•‹–›Ȍƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ‹‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘’Š‘”‡•‹•‹ –Š‡…‘‡–ƒ••ƒ›Ǥ‘–”‘Ž…‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡ȋȌǤ ȗδͲǤͲͷȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ ȗȗȗδͲǤͲͲͳȋ‹…‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘˜‡Š‹…Ž‡…‘–”‘ŽȌ