RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antiplaque Effect of Essential Oils and 0.2% Chlorhexidine on an In Situ Model of Oral Biofilm Growth: A Randomised Clinical Trial Víctor Quintas1, Isabel Prada-López1, Nikolaos Donos2, David Suárez-Quintanilla1, Inmaculada Tomás1* 1 Oral Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 2 Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom * [email protected]
Abstract Objective OPEN ACCESS Citation: Quintas V, Prada-López I, Donos N, Suárez-Quintanilla D, Tomás I (2015) Antiplaque Effect of Essential Oils and 0.2% Chlorhexidine on an In Situ Model of Oral Biofilm Growth: A Randomised Clinical Trial. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117177. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117177 Academic Editor: Kimon Divaris, UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES Published: February 17, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Quintas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This work was supported by project PI11/ 01383 from Carlos III Institute of Health (General Division of Evaluation and Research Promotion, Madrid, Spain), which is integrated in National Plan of Research, Development and Innovation (PN I+D+I 2008-2011). This project was cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF 20072013). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
To evaluate the in situ antiplaque effect after 4 days of using of 2 commercial antimicrobial agents in short term on undisturbed plaque-like biofilm.
Trial Design and Participants An observer-masked, crossover randomised clinical trial on 15 oral and systemically healthy volunteers between 20–30 years who were randomly and sequentially allocated in the same group which performed 3 interventions in different randomised sequences.
Intervention The participants wore an appliance in 3 different rinsing periods doing mouthwashes twice a day (1/0/1) with essential oils, 0.2% chlorhexidine or sterile water (negative control). At the end of each 4-day mouthwash period, samples were removed from the appliance. Posteriorly, after bacterial vital staining, samples were analysed using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope.
Main Outcome Measures Bacterial vitality, thickness and covering grade by the biofilm after 4 days of applying each of the mouthwashes.
Results The essential oils and the 0.2% chlorhexidine were significantly more effective than the sterile water at reducing bacterial vitality, thickness and covering grade by the biofilm. No significant differences were found between the 0.2% chlorhexidine and the essential oils at reducing the bacterial vitality (13.2% vs. 14.7%). However, the 0.2% chlorhexidine showed more reduction than the essential oils in thickness (6.5 μm vs. 10.0 μm; p
Antiplaque Effect of Essential Oils and 0.2% Chlorhexidine on an In Situ Model of Oral Biofilm Growth: A Randomised Clinical Trial Víctor Quintas1, Isabel Prada-López1, Nikolaos Donos2, David Suárez-Quintanilla1, Inmaculada Tomás1* 1 Oral Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 2 Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom * [email protected]
Abstract Objective OPEN ACCESS Citation: Quintas V, Prada-López I, Donos N, Suárez-Quintanilla D, Tomás I (2015) Antiplaque Effect of Essential Oils and 0.2% Chlorhexidine on an In Situ Model of Oral Biofilm Growth: A Randomised Clinical Trial. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117177. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117177 Academic Editor: Kimon Divaris, UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES Published: February 17, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Quintas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This work was supported by project PI11/ 01383 from Carlos III Institute of Health (General Division of Evaluation and Research Promotion, Madrid, Spain), which is integrated in National Plan of Research, Development and Innovation (PN I+D+I 2008-2011). This project was cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF 20072013). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
To evaluate the in situ antiplaque effect after 4 days of using of 2 commercial antimicrobial agents in short term on undisturbed plaque-like biofilm.
Trial Design and Participants An observer-masked, crossover randomised clinical trial on 15 oral and systemically healthy volunteers between 20–30 years who were randomly and sequentially allocated in the same group which performed 3 interventions in different randomised sequences.
Intervention The participants wore an appliance in 3 different rinsing periods doing mouthwashes twice a day (1/0/1) with essential oils, 0.2% chlorhexidine or sterile water (negative control). At the end of each 4-day mouthwash period, samples were removed from the appliance. Posteriorly, after bacterial vital staining, samples were analysed using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope.
Main Outcome Measures Bacterial vitality, thickness and covering grade by the biofilm after 4 days of applying each of the mouthwashes.
Results The essential oils and the 0.2% chlorhexidine were significantly more effective than the sterile water at reducing bacterial vitality, thickness and covering grade by the biofilm. No significant differences were found between the 0.2% chlorhexidine and the essential oils at reducing the bacterial vitality (13.2% vs. 14.7%). However, the 0.2% chlorhexidine showed more reduction than the essential oils in thickness (6.5 μm vs. 10.0 μm; p
