Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Endocrinology Volume 2014, Article ID 616145, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/616145
Research Article Assessment of the Common Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jeddah Manal A. Murad,1 Samia S. Abdulmageed,2 Rahila Iftikhar,1 and Bayan Khaled Sagga3 1
Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42806, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia 3 Health Promotion Management Masterβs Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University, Washington, DC, USA 2
Correspondence should be addressed to Rahila Iftikhar; rahila [email protected] Received 12 April 2014; Revised 10 June 2014; Accepted 11 June 2014; Published 1 September 2014 Academic Editor: Muhammad Shahab Copyright Β© 2014 Manal A. Murad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Risk factor management is important in avoiding life-threatening complications and preventing new-onset diabetes. We performed a case-control study in 2013 at ten primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to determine the common risk factors of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and the demographic background of adult Saudi patients with DM2. Known diabetic patients were recruited as cases, while nondiabetic attendants were selected as controls. A pretested designed questionnaire was used to collect data from 159 cases and 128 controls. Cases were more likely than controls to be men (π < 0.0001), less educated (π < 0.0001), natives of eastern Saudi Arabia (π < 0.0001), retired (π < 0.0001), lower-salaried (π < 0.0001), or married or divorced (π < 0.0001). By univariate analysis cases were likely to be current smokers (π < 0.0001), hypertensive (π < 0.0001), or overweight/obese (π < 0.0001). Cases were also more likely to have a history of DM in a first-degree relative (π = 0.020). By multivariate analysis, cases were more likely to be older than 40 years (π < 0.0001), less educated (π = 0.05), married or divorced (π = 0.04), jobless/housewives (π < 0.0001), or current smokers (π = 0.002). They were also more likely to have salaries 10,000 Marital status Single Married Divorced/widowed Nature of Job Physically active work Physically inactive work Not applicable Do you do household chores? Yes
Controls (π = 128) Count %
Cases (π = 159) Count %
π value
19 107
15.1 84.9
60 98
38.0 62.0
Research Article Assessment of the Common Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jeddah Manal A. Murad,1 Samia S. Abdulmageed,2 Rahila Iftikhar,1 and Bayan Khaled Sagga3 1
Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42806, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia 3 Health Promotion Management Masterβs Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University, Washington, DC, USA 2
Correspondence should be addressed to Rahila Iftikhar; rahila [email protected] Received 12 April 2014; Revised 10 June 2014; Accepted 11 June 2014; Published 1 September 2014 Academic Editor: Muhammad Shahab Copyright Β© 2014 Manal A. Murad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Risk factor management is important in avoiding life-threatening complications and preventing new-onset diabetes. We performed a case-control study in 2013 at ten primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to determine the common risk factors of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and the demographic background of adult Saudi patients with DM2. Known diabetic patients were recruited as cases, while nondiabetic attendants were selected as controls. A pretested designed questionnaire was used to collect data from 159 cases and 128 controls. Cases were more likely than controls to be men (π < 0.0001), less educated (π < 0.0001), natives of eastern Saudi Arabia (π < 0.0001), retired (π < 0.0001), lower-salaried (π < 0.0001), or married or divorced (π < 0.0001). By univariate analysis cases were likely to be current smokers (π < 0.0001), hypertensive (π < 0.0001), or overweight/obese (π < 0.0001). Cases were also more likely to have a history of DM in a first-degree relative (π = 0.020). By multivariate analysis, cases were more likely to be older than 40 years (π < 0.0001), less educated (π = 0.05), married or divorced (π = 0.04), jobless/housewives (π < 0.0001), or current smokers (π = 0.002). They were also more likely to have salaries 10,000 Marital status Single Married Divorced/widowed Nature of Job Physically active work Physically inactive work Not applicable Do you do household chores? Yes
Controls (π = 128) Count %
Cases (π = 159) Count %
π value
19 107
15.1 84.9
60 98
38.0 62.0
