RESEARCH ARTICLE
Association between Internet addiction and depression in Thai medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Thummaporn Boonvisudhi, Sanchai Kuladee* Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand * [email protected]
Abstract a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111
Objective To study the extent of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with depression in Thai medical students.
Methods
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Boonvisudhi T, Kuladee S (2017) Association between Internet addiction and depression in Thai medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174209. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0174209 Editor: Aviv M. Weinstein, Ariel University, ISRAEL
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Participants were first- to fifth-year medical students who agreed to participate in this study. Demographic characteristics and stress-related factors were derived from self-rated questionnaires. Depression was assessed using the Thai version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A total score of five or greater derived from the Thai version of Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction was classified as “possible IA”. Then chi-square test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between possible IA, depression and associated factors.
Results
Received: December 5, 2016 Accepted: March 6, 2017 Published: March 20, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Boonvisudhi, Kuladee. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
From 705 participants, 24.4% had possible IA and 28.8% had depression. There was statistically significant association between possible IA and depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–2.77, P-value = 3.5
51 (27.0)
138 (73.0)
0.99 (0.56– 1.77)
47 (25.0)
141 (75.0)
0.57 (0.33– 0.99)b
3.00–3.49
55 (21.4)
202 (78.6)
0.73 (0.42– 1.29)
67 (26.1)
190 (73.9)
0.60 (0.36– 1.02)
< = 2.99
23 (27.1)
62 (72.9)
Comorbid medical illness
yes
39 (25.3)
115 (74.7)
no
134 (24.4)
415 (75.6)
Alcohol drinkingd
> once per day
16 (23.0)
53 (76.8)
0.87 (0.48– 1.58)
< once per day
33 (21.7)
119 (78.3)
0.80 (0.52– 1.24)
no drinking
1.05 (0.70– 1.59)
0.92 (0.66– 1.28)
31 (36.9)
53 (63.1)
51 (33.3)
102 (66.7)
152 (27.8)
394 (72.2)
19 (29.2)
46 (70.8)
1.03 (0.58– 1.82)
50 (34.7)
94 (65.3)
1.32 (0.89– 1.97)
1.30 (0.88– 1.90)
124 (25.7)
358 (74.3)
134 (28.7)
333 (71.3)
Average time of Internet > 5 hours use per daye
60 (33.1)
121 (66.9)
2.98 (1.77– 4.99)a
77 (43.3)
101 (56.7)
2.48 (1.58– 3.90)a
3–4 hours
85 (25.1)
253 (74.9)
2.02 (1.24– 3.27)b
81 (24.1)
255 (75.9)
1.03 (0.68– 1.58)
< 2 hours
26 (14.3)
156 (85.7)
43 (23.5)
140 (76.5)
a
P-value < 0.01
b
P-value < 0.05 OR compared to “< = 2.99” group
c d
OR compared to “no drinking” group
e
OR compared to “< 2 hours” group
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174209.t001
IA and depression, respectively. Nearly three fourths of all participants spent around three hours per day or more on the Internet, and around one quarter spent more than five hours per day. Using the Internet longer than five hours a day was significantly associated with both possible IA (OR 2.98, 95%CI: 1.77–4.99, P-value
Association between Internet addiction and depression in Thai medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Thummaporn Boonvisudhi, Sanchai Kuladee* Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand * [email protected]
Abstract a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111
Objective To study the extent of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with depression in Thai medical students.
Methods
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Boonvisudhi T, Kuladee S (2017) Association between Internet addiction and depression in Thai medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174209. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0174209 Editor: Aviv M. Weinstein, Ariel University, ISRAEL
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Participants were first- to fifth-year medical students who agreed to participate in this study. Demographic characteristics and stress-related factors were derived from self-rated questionnaires. Depression was assessed using the Thai version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A total score of five or greater derived from the Thai version of Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction was classified as “possible IA”. Then chi-square test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between possible IA, depression and associated factors.
Results
Received: December 5, 2016 Accepted: March 6, 2017 Published: March 20, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Boonvisudhi, Kuladee. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
From 705 participants, 24.4% had possible IA and 28.8% had depression. There was statistically significant association between possible IA and depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–2.77, P-value = 3.5
51 (27.0)
138 (73.0)
0.99 (0.56– 1.77)
47 (25.0)
141 (75.0)
0.57 (0.33– 0.99)b
3.00–3.49
55 (21.4)
202 (78.6)
0.73 (0.42– 1.29)
67 (26.1)
190 (73.9)
0.60 (0.36– 1.02)
< = 2.99
23 (27.1)
62 (72.9)
Comorbid medical illness
yes
39 (25.3)
115 (74.7)
no
134 (24.4)
415 (75.6)
Alcohol drinkingd
> once per day
16 (23.0)
53 (76.8)
0.87 (0.48– 1.58)
< once per day
33 (21.7)
119 (78.3)
0.80 (0.52– 1.24)
no drinking
1.05 (0.70– 1.59)
0.92 (0.66– 1.28)
31 (36.9)
53 (63.1)
51 (33.3)
102 (66.7)
152 (27.8)
394 (72.2)
19 (29.2)
46 (70.8)
1.03 (0.58– 1.82)
50 (34.7)
94 (65.3)
1.32 (0.89– 1.97)
1.30 (0.88– 1.90)
124 (25.7)
358 (74.3)
134 (28.7)
333 (71.3)
Average time of Internet > 5 hours use per daye
60 (33.1)
121 (66.9)
2.98 (1.77– 4.99)a
77 (43.3)
101 (56.7)
2.48 (1.58– 3.90)a
3–4 hours
85 (25.1)
253 (74.9)
2.02 (1.24– 3.27)b
81 (24.1)
255 (75.9)
1.03 (0.68– 1.58)
< 2 hours
26 (14.3)
156 (85.7)
43 (23.5)
140 (76.5)
a
P-value < 0.01
b
P-value < 0.05 OR compared to “< = 2.99” group
c d
OR compared to “no drinking” group
e
OR compared to “< 2 hours” group
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174209.t001
IA and depression, respectively. Nearly three fourths of all participants spent around three hours per day or more on the Internet, and around one quarter spent more than five hours per day. Using the Internet longer than five hours a day was significantly associated with both possible IA (OR 2.98, 95%CI: 1.77–4.99, P-value
