Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine ISSN 1756-5391
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Association between the ABO blood group and risk of common cancers Bei Li, Bin Tan, Chunxia Chen, Li Zhao and Li Qin Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Keywords ABO blood group; gastric cancer; H. pylori infection; peptic ulcer. Correspondence Li Qin, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China. Tel: 86-28-85423510; Fax: 86-28-85423510; Email: [email protected] ∗
Bei Li and Bin Tan contributed equally to this work. Received 20 March 2014; accepted for publication 20 April 2014. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12098
Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between five common cancers in western China population and ABO blood group. Methods: Using the data from West China Hospital, we retrospectively reviewed 5012 patients with five common cancers. Blood groups were obtained from medical records. The control group was represented by 1979 health check-up examinees. The distributions of ABO blood types of certain cancer patients were investigated to assess the possible correlation between certain cancers and the ABO blood groups. A further meta-analysis was performed based on the studied results to find potential correlation between the ABO blood types and the risk of diseases. Results: A 24.5% increased risk was found in gastric cancer cases with blood type A when compared with those with blood type O (OR = 1.245, 95% CI 1.014 to 1.529, P = 0.036) from our data analysis. This association was further confirmed by the meta-analysis of nine studies (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.39). Conclusions: Our data suggested that blood type A was associated with gastric cancer.
Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Among all, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and the gastrointestinal cancer account for the majority of the cancer population (1). Up to now, the pathogenesis of cancer remains unclear. In 2009, a genome-wide association study showed an association between the ABO locus and pancreatic cancer, which suggested that there might be potential correlation between blood group antigen and risk of various cancers (2). Blood group antigens are glycoprotein expressed on the surface of red blood cells and cells of endothelium and epithelium. The sugar residues of this glycoprotein are attached to a protein backbone, the H antigen, by a glycosyltransferase encoded by the ABO gene on chromosome 9q34 (3). Laboratory investigations found that colorectal cancer cells have different patterns of expression compared with adjacent normal colorectal cells, suggesting that modification to glycosyltransferase specificity occurs during colorectal tumor genesis (4). Alterations of surface glycoconjugates may lead
to modification in intercellular adhesion, membrane signaling, and immunosurveillance, which could have important implications for tumor development and spread (4, 5). Previously, Aird et al. (6) reported a relationship between blood group A and gastric cancer. Subsequently, that association was demonstrated in several studies (7–10). However, the clear association between the ABO types and cancer risk is still inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between ABO blood group and risk of five most common cancers-based populations in West China Hospital. In order to get further with the blood group antigen and risk of cancer, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between the ABO blood group and cancer risk based on the results of case-control study.
Material and Methods Study population From 1 January 2010 to 30 July 2012, 5012 consecutive cancer inpatients and 1979 healthy controls in West
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
79
ABO and gastric cancer, peptic ulcer or H. pylori
China Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled into this study. All of them had a medical record of ABO blood type in our hospital. The patients included 1092 lung cancer cases, 1447 esophageal cancer cases, 1159 gastric cancer cases, 344 colon cancer cases, and 970 rectal cancer cases. Individuals complicated with other cancers were excluded. The control group consisted of healthy populations that underwent medical check-up in Physical Examination Center of West China Hospital. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital. This study was performed in accordance with local ethical guidelines. Consent was given by the patients for their information to be stored in the hospital database and used for research.
Statistical analysis 2
The Chi test was used to evaluate differences for categorical variables in the demographic characteristics of the subjects. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models, with adjustments for age, sex to estimate the association between ABO blood group and certain cancers. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS16.0 statistical software, and statistical significance was defined as a P value 0.05 0.036 >0.05 >0.05
1.054 0.875 0.969 0.839 1.06
0.838–1.325 0.696–1.100 0.772–1.215 0.595–1.184 0.833–1.347
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
0.994 1.05 1.158 1.008 1.031
0.706–1.399 0.752–1.466 0.836–1.604 0.603–1.687 0.717–1.482
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
1 1 1 1 –
– – – – –
– – – – –
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidential interval. * Multivariable adjustment by age, sex.
populations. The polymorphism of the ABO system refers to the complex carbohydrate structures of glycoprotein and glycolipids expressed on the surface of erythrocytes or other cells. Moreover, it can be found in secretions, as glycan units of mucin glycoprotein (19). Although the association between ABO blood type and various diseases has been investigated for more than half a century, findings have been of little practical clinical or disease prevention value. The region of our study is located in the western part of China and it is reported that the predominant blood group was group O in this district (20). Similarly, our control groups also demonstrated a group O predominance with a frequency of 33.9%. However, the gastric cancer group had a higher frequency of blood group A than controls (P = 0.036). The sample size of our study is large enough
to clarify this association, at least in the western Chinese population. In our study, gastric cancer was the only form of the five tumors that exhibited a significant difference in the proportion of patients with blood type A in a western Chinese population. Overall, blood type O was associated with a 24.5% increased risk of gastric cancer, which was modified by age and sex. The increased risk for blood type O was further validated in our meta-analysis. As a possible explanation, recent extensive GWAS studies have identified association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABO gene and plasma markers of inflammation (21–24), suggesting a link between chronic inflammatory states and tumor, and raising the possibility that those blood group antigens may alter the systemic inflammatory response. In addition, the activity of the glycosyltransferase,
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
81
ABO and gastric cancer, peptic ulcer or H. pylori
B. Li et al.
Table 4 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis on ABO blood group and gastric cancer
Author
Ethnicity
Country
Cases Study type O A
Controls
Hye-Rim 2011[24] Makoto 2011[25]
Asian
Korea
CC
783
Asian
Japan
CC
194
319 109
Miao-zhen 2011[26] Simona 2010[27]
Asian
China
CC
196
Caucasian Italy
CC
Kersti 1999[28] Oleg 1995[29]
Caucasian Estonia Caucasian Estonia
A
B
AB
Cancer diagnosis
Source of controls
648
414
202
Histologic
Residents
81 428
572
324
141
98.15% histologic
124 114
40 162
110
106
26
Histologic
138
118
28
17 6753
6174
1782
650
Histologic
CC
38
69
36
9 104
105
61
28
Histologic
Non-cancer outpatients Benign diseases Various cancer cases Blood donor
CC
54
68
32
62
43
23
Histologic
Gary Caucasian UK CC 1971[30] Mitsuo Asian Japan CC 1957[31] Ian 1953[6] Caucasian UK-mixed CC
706
3841
1330
412
B
AB
O
1387 393 682 436
771 143
15
77
60 19,699
Most histologic 571 296 106 161,461 203,255 115,416 49,914 NA
1616 1627 283 105 4860
18,156
3980
830
320
Most histologic
Blood donor and healthy employee Blood donor General population General population
CC = case-control study; NA = not available.
Figure 1 Forest plot of studies on gastric cancer for patients with A versus O blood group.
encoded by the ABO gene, has been associated with circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (25) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (26, 27). Whether this will influence the risk of several cancers and certain diseases remains uncertain. In conclusion, we found a significantly increased risk in gastric cancer cases with blood type A. Further studies should be performed to validate our results. 82
References 1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61(2): 69–90. 2. Amundadottir L, Kraft P, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Nat Genet 2009; 41(9): 986–90.
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
B. Li et al.
3. Itzkowitz SH, Yuan M, Ferrell LD, Palekar A, Kim YS. Cancer-associated alterations of blood group antigen expression in human colorectal polyps. Cancer Res 1986; 46(11): 5976–84. 4. Hakomori S. Antigen structure and genetic basis of histo-blood groups A, B and O: their changes associated with human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1473(1): 247–66. 5. Zhang S, Zhang HS, Cordon-Cardo C, et al. Selection of tumor antigens as targets for immune attack using. Int J Cancer 1997; 73(1): 50–56. 6. Aird I, Bentall HH, Roberts JA. A relationship between cancer of stomach and the ABO blood groups. Br Med J 1953; 1(4814): 799–801. 7. Jennings D, Balme RH, Richardson JE. Carcinoma of stomach in relation to ABO blood-groups. Lancet 1956; 271(6932): 11–2. 8. Turunen M, Pasila M. The ABO blood group and carcinoma of the stomach. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn 1957; 35(1): 100–5. 9. Eisenberg H, Greenberg RA, Yesner R. ABO blood groups and gastric cancer. J Chronic Dis 1958; 8(3): 342–8. 10. White C, Eisenberg H. ABO blood groups and cancer of the stomach. Yale J Biol Med 1959; 32: 58–61. 11. Song HR, Shin MH, Kim HN, et al. Sex-specific differences in the association between ABO genotype and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16(2): 254– 60. 12. Nakao M, Matsuo K, Ito H, et al. ABO genotype and the risk of gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20(8): 1665–72. 13. Qiu MZ, Zhang DS, Ruan DY, et al. A relationship between ABO blood groups and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in China. Med Oncol 2011; 28 (Suppl 1): S268–73. 14. Iodice S, Maisonneuve P, Botteri E, Sandri MT, Lowenfels AB. ABO blood group and cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46(18): 3345–50. 15. Klaamas K, Kurtenkov O, Covacci A, Lipping A, Wadstrom T. Immune response to a recombinant fragment of the CagA protein of Helicobacter pylori in blood donors and patients with gastric cancer: relation to ABO(H) blood group phenotype, stage
ABO and gastric cancer, peptic ulcer or H. pylori
16.
17.
18. 19. 20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
of the disease and tumor morphology. Med Microbiol Immunol 1999; 187(4): 227–32. Kurtenkov O, Klaamas K, Miljukhina L. The lower level of natural anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TFA) agglutinins in sera of patients with gastric cancer related to ABO(H) blood-group phenotype. Int J Cancer 1995; 60(6): 781–5. Glober GA, Cantrell EG, Doll R, Peto R. Interaction between ABO and rhesus blood groups, the site of origin of gastric cancers, and the age and sex of the patient. Gut 1971; 12(7): 570–3. Segi M, Fujisaku S, Kurihara M, Moniwa H. Stomach cancer and ABO blood groups. Tohoku J Exp Med 1957; 66(1): 42. Reid ME, Mohandas N. Red blood cell blood group antigens: structure and function. Semin Hematol 2004; 41(2): 93–117. Liu ZH, Liao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. ABO blood group and Rh distribution among Han Chinese blood donors in Chengdu district. Chin J Blood Transfusion 2005; 18: 415–6 Pare G, Chasman DI, Kellogg M, et al. Novel association of ABO histo-blood group antigen with soluble ICAM-1: results of a genome-wide association study of 6,578 women. PLoS Genet 2008; 4(7): e1000118. Melzer D, Perry JR, Hernandez D, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs). PLoS Genet 2008; 4(5): e1000072. Paterson AD, Lopes-Virella MF, Waggott D, et al. Genome-wide association identifies the ABO blood group as a major locus associated with serum levels of soluble E-selectin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29(11): 1958–67. Qi L, Cornelis MC, Kraft P, et al. Genetic variants in ABO blood group region, plasma soluble E-selectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19(9): 1856–62. Gill JC, Endres-Brooks J, Bauer PJ, Marks WJ, Montgomery RR. The effect of ABO blood group on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease. Blood 1987; 69(6): 1691–5. O’Donnell J, Laffan MA. The relationship between ABO histo-blood group, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. Transfus Med 2001; 11(4): 343–51. Jenkins PV, O’Donnell JS. ABO blood group determines plasma von Willebrand factor levels: a biologic function after all? Transfusion 2006; 46(10): 1836–44.
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
83
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Association between the ABO blood group and risk of common cancers Bei Li, Bin Tan, Chunxia Chen, Li Zhao and Li Qin Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Keywords ABO blood group; gastric cancer; H. pylori infection; peptic ulcer. Correspondence Li Qin, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China. Tel: 86-28-85423510; Fax: 86-28-85423510; Email: [email protected] ∗
Bei Li and Bin Tan contributed equally to this work. Received 20 March 2014; accepted for publication 20 April 2014. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12098
Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between five common cancers in western China population and ABO blood group. Methods: Using the data from West China Hospital, we retrospectively reviewed 5012 patients with five common cancers. Blood groups were obtained from medical records. The control group was represented by 1979 health check-up examinees. The distributions of ABO blood types of certain cancer patients were investigated to assess the possible correlation between certain cancers and the ABO blood groups. A further meta-analysis was performed based on the studied results to find potential correlation between the ABO blood types and the risk of diseases. Results: A 24.5% increased risk was found in gastric cancer cases with blood type A when compared with those with blood type O (OR = 1.245, 95% CI 1.014 to 1.529, P = 0.036) from our data analysis. This association was further confirmed by the meta-analysis of nine studies (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.39). Conclusions: Our data suggested that blood type A was associated with gastric cancer.
Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Among all, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and the gastrointestinal cancer account for the majority of the cancer population (1). Up to now, the pathogenesis of cancer remains unclear. In 2009, a genome-wide association study showed an association between the ABO locus and pancreatic cancer, which suggested that there might be potential correlation between blood group antigen and risk of various cancers (2). Blood group antigens are glycoprotein expressed on the surface of red blood cells and cells of endothelium and epithelium. The sugar residues of this glycoprotein are attached to a protein backbone, the H antigen, by a glycosyltransferase encoded by the ABO gene on chromosome 9q34 (3). Laboratory investigations found that colorectal cancer cells have different patterns of expression compared with adjacent normal colorectal cells, suggesting that modification to glycosyltransferase specificity occurs during colorectal tumor genesis (4). Alterations of surface glycoconjugates may lead
to modification in intercellular adhesion, membrane signaling, and immunosurveillance, which could have important implications for tumor development and spread (4, 5). Previously, Aird et al. (6) reported a relationship between blood group A and gastric cancer. Subsequently, that association was demonstrated in several studies (7–10). However, the clear association between the ABO types and cancer risk is still inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between ABO blood group and risk of five most common cancers-based populations in West China Hospital. In order to get further with the blood group antigen and risk of cancer, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between the ABO blood group and cancer risk based on the results of case-control study.
Material and Methods Study population From 1 January 2010 to 30 July 2012, 5012 consecutive cancer inpatients and 1979 healthy controls in West
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
79
ABO and gastric cancer, peptic ulcer or H. pylori
China Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled into this study. All of them had a medical record of ABO blood type in our hospital. The patients included 1092 lung cancer cases, 1447 esophageal cancer cases, 1159 gastric cancer cases, 344 colon cancer cases, and 970 rectal cancer cases. Individuals complicated with other cancers were excluded. The control group consisted of healthy populations that underwent medical check-up in Physical Examination Center of West China Hospital. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital. This study was performed in accordance with local ethical guidelines. Consent was given by the patients for their information to be stored in the hospital database and used for research.
Statistical analysis 2
The Chi test was used to evaluate differences for categorical variables in the demographic characteristics of the subjects. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models, with adjustments for age, sex to estimate the association between ABO blood group and certain cancers. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS16.0 statistical software, and statistical significance was defined as a P value 0.05 0.036 >0.05 >0.05
1.054 0.875 0.969 0.839 1.06
0.838–1.325 0.696–1.100 0.772–1.215 0.595–1.184 0.833–1.347
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
0.994 1.05 1.158 1.008 1.031
0.706–1.399 0.752–1.466 0.836–1.604 0.603–1.687 0.717–1.482
>0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
1 1 1 1 –
– – – – –
– – – – –
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidential interval. * Multivariable adjustment by age, sex.
populations. The polymorphism of the ABO system refers to the complex carbohydrate structures of glycoprotein and glycolipids expressed on the surface of erythrocytes or other cells. Moreover, it can be found in secretions, as glycan units of mucin glycoprotein (19). Although the association between ABO blood type and various diseases has been investigated for more than half a century, findings have been of little practical clinical or disease prevention value. The region of our study is located in the western part of China and it is reported that the predominant blood group was group O in this district (20). Similarly, our control groups also demonstrated a group O predominance with a frequency of 33.9%. However, the gastric cancer group had a higher frequency of blood group A than controls (P = 0.036). The sample size of our study is large enough
to clarify this association, at least in the western Chinese population. In our study, gastric cancer was the only form of the five tumors that exhibited a significant difference in the proportion of patients with blood type A in a western Chinese population. Overall, blood type O was associated with a 24.5% increased risk of gastric cancer, which was modified by age and sex. The increased risk for blood type O was further validated in our meta-analysis. As a possible explanation, recent extensive GWAS studies have identified association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABO gene and plasma markers of inflammation (21–24), suggesting a link between chronic inflammatory states and tumor, and raising the possibility that those blood group antigens may alter the systemic inflammatory response. In addition, the activity of the glycosyltransferase,
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
81
ABO and gastric cancer, peptic ulcer or H. pylori
B. Li et al.
Table 4 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis on ABO blood group and gastric cancer
Author
Ethnicity
Country
Cases Study type O A
Controls
Hye-Rim 2011[24] Makoto 2011[25]
Asian
Korea
CC
783
Asian
Japan
CC
194
319 109
Miao-zhen 2011[26] Simona 2010[27]
Asian
China
CC
196
Caucasian Italy
CC
Kersti 1999[28] Oleg 1995[29]
Caucasian Estonia Caucasian Estonia
A
B
AB
Cancer diagnosis
Source of controls
648
414
202
Histologic
Residents
81 428
572
324
141
98.15% histologic
124 114
40 162
110
106
26
Histologic
138
118
28
17 6753
6174
1782
650
Histologic
CC
38
69
36
9 104
105
61
28
Histologic
Non-cancer outpatients Benign diseases Various cancer cases Blood donor
CC
54
68
32
62
43
23
Histologic
Gary Caucasian UK CC 1971[30] Mitsuo Asian Japan CC 1957[31] Ian 1953[6] Caucasian UK-mixed CC
706
3841
1330
412
B
AB
O
1387 393 682 436
771 143
15
77
60 19,699
Most histologic 571 296 106 161,461 203,255 115,416 49,914 NA
1616 1627 283 105 4860
18,156
3980
830
320
Most histologic
Blood donor and healthy employee Blood donor General population General population
CC = case-control study; NA = not available.
Figure 1 Forest plot of studies on gastric cancer for patients with A versus O blood group.
encoded by the ABO gene, has been associated with circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (25) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (26, 27). Whether this will influence the risk of several cancers and certain diseases remains uncertain. In conclusion, we found a significantly increased risk in gastric cancer cases with blood type A. Further studies should be performed to validate our results. 82
References 1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61(2): 69–90. 2. Amundadottir L, Kraft P, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Nat Genet 2009; 41(9): 986–90.
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
B. Li et al.
3. Itzkowitz SH, Yuan M, Ferrell LD, Palekar A, Kim YS. Cancer-associated alterations of blood group antigen expression in human colorectal polyps. Cancer Res 1986; 46(11): 5976–84. 4. Hakomori S. Antigen structure and genetic basis of histo-blood groups A, B and O: their changes associated with human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1473(1): 247–66. 5. Zhang S, Zhang HS, Cordon-Cardo C, et al. Selection of tumor antigens as targets for immune attack using. Int J Cancer 1997; 73(1): 50–56. 6. Aird I, Bentall HH, Roberts JA. A relationship between cancer of stomach and the ABO blood groups. Br Med J 1953; 1(4814): 799–801. 7. Jennings D, Balme RH, Richardson JE. Carcinoma of stomach in relation to ABO blood-groups. Lancet 1956; 271(6932): 11–2. 8. Turunen M, Pasila M. The ABO blood group and carcinoma of the stomach. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn 1957; 35(1): 100–5. 9. Eisenberg H, Greenberg RA, Yesner R. ABO blood groups and gastric cancer. J Chronic Dis 1958; 8(3): 342–8. 10. White C, Eisenberg H. ABO blood groups and cancer of the stomach. Yale J Biol Med 1959; 32: 58–61. 11. Song HR, Shin MH, Kim HN, et al. Sex-specific differences in the association between ABO genotype and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16(2): 254– 60. 12. Nakao M, Matsuo K, Ito H, et al. ABO genotype and the risk of gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20(8): 1665–72. 13. Qiu MZ, Zhang DS, Ruan DY, et al. A relationship between ABO blood groups and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in China. Med Oncol 2011; 28 (Suppl 1): S268–73. 14. Iodice S, Maisonneuve P, Botteri E, Sandri MT, Lowenfels AB. ABO blood group and cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46(18): 3345–50. 15. Klaamas K, Kurtenkov O, Covacci A, Lipping A, Wadstrom T. Immune response to a recombinant fragment of the CagA protein of Helicobacter pylori in blood donors and patients with gastric cancer: relation to ABO(H) blood group phenotype, stage
ABO and gastric cancer, peptic ulcer or H. pylori
16.
17.
18. 19. 20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
of the disease and tumor morphology. Med Microbiol Immunol 1999; 187(4): 227–32. Kurtenkov O, Klaamas K, Miljukhina L. The lower level of natural anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TFA) agglutinins in sera of patients with gastric cancer related to ABO(H) blood-group phenotype. Int J Cancer 1995; 60(6): 781–5. Glober GA, Cantrell EG, Doll R, Peto R. Interaction between ABO and rhesus blood groups, the site of origin of gastric cancers, and the age and sex of the patient. Gut 1971; 12(7): 570–3. Segi M, Fujisaku S, Kurihara M, Moniwa H. Stomach cancer and ABO blood groups. Tohoku J Exp Med 1957; 66(1): 42. Reid ME, Mohandas N. Red blood cell blood group antigens: structure and function. Semin Hematol 2004; 41(2): 93–117. Liu ZH, Liao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. ABO blood group and Rh distribution among Han Chinese blood donors in Chengdu district. Chin J Blood Transfusion 2005; 18: 415–6 Pare G, Chasman DI, Kellogg M, et al. Novel association of ABO histo-blood group antigen with soluble ICAM-1: results of a genome-wide association study of 6,578 women. PLoS Genet 2008; 4(7): e1000118. Melzer D, Perry JR, Hernandez D, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs). PLoS Genet 2008; 4(5): e1000072. Paterson AD, Lopes-Virella MF, Waggott D, et al. Genome-wide association identifies the ABO blood group as a major locus associated with serum levels of soluble E-selectin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29(11): 1958–67. Qi L, Cornelis MC, Kraft P, et al. Genetic variants in ABO blood group region, plasma soluble E-selectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19(9): 1856–62. Gill JC, Endres-Brooks J, Bauer PJ, Marks WJ, Montgomery RR. The effect of ABO blood group on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease. Blood 1987; 69(6): 1691–5. O’Donnell J, Laffan MA. The relationship between ABO histo-blood group, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. Transfus Med 2001; 11(4): 343–51. Jenkins PV, O’Donnell JS. ABO blood group determines plasma von Willebrand factor levels: a biologic function after all? Transfusion 2006; 46(10): 1836–44.
C 2014 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd JEBM 7 (2014) 79–83
83
