NATURE INDEX CHINA
CHINA IN NUMBERS
By 2013 weighted fractional count, China is the second leading country for high-quality science output. Where that research takes place, and who China collaborates with, are shown below.
COUNTRY COLLABORATIONS
CHINA'S WFC TOTAL: 5,206 CHINA-ONLY PAPERS: 4,051 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS: 1,155
The diagram shows the leading countries by WFC, along with the distribution of their subject strengths and the proportion of their WFC derived from collaborations with mainland China. In the centre, the size and proportion of China's WFC and subject strengths are also shown. Note, this diagram shows all instances of bilateral connections, therefore papers that involve collaborators from more than one country will be double-counted for China.
UNITED STATES WFC: 18,643
Circle area sized to WFC
20 %
Sector represents WFC derived from collaborations involving China
60 %
40 %
Shape represents distribution of country's WFC across the four subject areas
sical sciences Phy
ciences Life s
Chemistry
Ea
l rth nt a & environ m e
Respective WFC for collaborating country and for China (in red)
GERMANY WFC: 4,077 ISRAEL WFC: 472
1,005
SINGAPORE WFC: 483
JAPAN WFC: 3,371
149
746
128
10
31 36
105
45 31
20
UNITED KINGDOM WFC: 3,290
103
23
52
5
78
63
15
59
INDIA WFC: 852
116
121
6
NETHERLANDS WFC: 763
CHINA
63
58
TAIWAN WFC: 543
13
73
SWEDEN WFC: 502
36
15
32
22
27
17
FRANCE WFC: 2,238
60 15
AUSTRALIA WFC: 944 CANADA WFC: 1,483
ITALY WFC: 1,075 SOUTH KOREA WFC: 1,151 S 5 2 | N AT U R E I N D E X 2 0 1 4 | C H I N A
SWITZERLAND WFC: 1,175
SPAIN WFC: 1,180
© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
Weighted fractional count (WFC) apportions credit based on the relative contribution of authors from each country to a paper
CHINA NATURE INDEX
CITY STORY
TIANJIN
The ten leading cities by WFC are shown for mainland China. The solid bubbles are scaled to the combined WFC for all the city's research institutions, including the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Shown for comparison are the WFCs without the CAS institutes (circle outlines). For an analysis of CAS, see page S56.
Page: S74
WFC: 224 INSTITUTIONS: 11
CHANGCHUN
BEIJING
Page: S72
NANJING
WFC: 1,329 INSTITUTIONS: 150
WFC with CAS consolidated to Beijing
Changchun's WFC is 69% higher when CAS institutes are included
WFC: 168 INSTITUTIONS: 19
WFC: 310 INSTITUTIONS: 30 Page: S66
Page: S60
WFC with CAS split out. All figures quoted refer to this bubble
Average WFC per institution
WFC: 712 INSTITUTIONS: 63
SHANGHAI
20
Page: S62
When CAS's WFC is counted at its headquarters in Beijing, the city has a WFC of 2,052 and 111 research institutions
15
HANGZHOU WFC: 178 INSTITUTIONS: 17
10
Page: S69
HEFEI GUANGZHOU
5
WFC: 170 INSTITUTIONS: 27
0
Page: S68
HONG KONG
WUHAN
Page: S73
Changchun (11) Hong Kong (17) Dalian (9) Xiamen (6) Kaifeng (1) Hefei (17) Fuzhou (8) Shanghai (63) Hangzhou (17) Suzhou (9) Nanjing (30) Lanzhou (9) Yangling (1) Xiangtan (2) Beijing (150) Tianjin (19) Changsha (11) Jinhua (1) Ningbo (3) Shantou (1) Wuhan (33) Guangzhou (27)
WFC: 212 INSTITUTIONS: 17
WFC: 241 INSTITUTIONS: 17
WFC: 217 INSTITUTIONS: 33
None of the CAS institutes in Hangzhou appeared in the index
Page: S67
Page: S64
City (number of institutions)
Shown are WFC scores from all the papers that involve collaborations between institutions in the top ten cities. Papers that are written entirely by researchers from one institution are excluded.
Hong Kong has more external than internal collaborations
HON G W F CK O N G : 55
CH AN GC HU N WF C: 20 HOU G U A N GWZF C : 1 8
0 FC: 3 JIN W TIAN OU GZH 1 2 HAN W F C : 1 6 FC: EI W N HA 0 WU F C : 3 W
HEF
INTERCITY COLLABORATIONS
7,633 Number of articles with at least one Chinese researcher.
NANJI W F C : 5N G 8
SH AN G H AI91 W FC :
B W F CE I J I N G : 85 8 The number of Hefei–Beijing collaborations is unusually high
© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
More than half of collaborations by Beijing researchers are with institutions in the same city
N AT U R E I N D E X 2 0 1 4 | C H I N A | S 5 3
CHINA IN NUMBERS
By 2013 weighted fractional count, China is the second leading country for high-quality science output. Where that research takes place, and who China collaborates with, are shown below.
COUNTRY COLLABORATIONS
CHINA'S WFC TOTAL: 5,206 CHINA-ONLY PAPERS: 4,051 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS: 1,155
The diagram shows the leading countries by WFC, along with the distribution of their subject strengths and the proportion of their WFC derived from collaborations with mainland China. In the centre, the size and proportion of China's WFC and subject strengths are also shown. Note, this diagram shows all instances of bilateral connections, therefore papers that involve collaborators from more than one country will be double-counted for China.
UNITED STATES WFC: 18,643
Circle area sized to WFC
20 %
Sector represents WFC derived from collaborations involving China
60 %
40 %
Shape represents distribution of country's WFC across the four subject areas
sical sciences Phy
ciences Life s
Chemistry
Ea
l rth nt a & environ m e
Respective WFC for collaborating country and for China (in red)
GERMANY WFC: 4,077 ISRAEL WFC: 472
1,005
SINGAPORE WFC: 483
JAPAN WFC: 3,371
149
746
128
10
31 36
105
45 31
20
UNITED KINGDOM WFC: 3,290
103
23
52
5
78
63
15
59
INDIA WFC: 852
116
121
6
NETHERLANDS WFC: 763
CHINA
63
58
TAIWAN WFC: 543
13
73
SWEDEN WFC: 502
36
15
32
22
27
17
FRANCE WFC: 2,238
60 15
AUSTRALIA WFC: 944 CANADA WFC: 1,483
ITALY WFC: 1,075 SOUTH KOREA WFC: 1,151 S 5 2 | N AT U R E I N D E X 2 0 1 4 | C H I N A
SWITZERLAND WFC: 1,175
SPAIN WFC: 1,180
© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
Weighted fractional count (WFC) apportions credit based on the relative contribution of authors from each country to a paper
CHINA NATURE INDEX
CITY STORY
TIANJIN
The ten leading cities by WFC are shown for mainland China. The solid bubbles are scaled to the combined WFC for all the city's research institutions, including the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Shown for comparison are the WFCs without the CAS institutes (circle outlines). For an analysis of CAS, see page S56.
Page: S74
WFC: 224 INSTITUTIONS: 11
CHANGCHUN
BEIJING
Page: S72
NANJING
WFC: 1,329 INSTITUTIONS: 150
WFC with CAS consolidated to Beijing
Changchun's WFC is 69% higher when CAS institutes are included
WFC: 168 INSTITUTIONS: 19
WFC: 310 INSTITUTIONS: 30 Page: S66
Page: S60
WFC with CAS split out. All figures quoted refer to this bubble
Average WFC per institution
WFC: 712 INSTITUTIONS: 63
SHANGHAI
20
Page: S62
When CAS's WFC is counted at its headquarters in Beijing, the city has a WFC of 2,052 and 111 research institutions
15
HANGZHOU WFC: 178 INSTITUTIONS: 17
10
Page: S69
HEFEI GUANGZHOU
5
WFC: 170 INSTITUTIONS: 27
0
Page: S68
HONG KONG
WUHAN
Page: S73
Changchun (11) Hong Kong (17) Dalian (9) Xiamen (6) Kaifeng (1) Hefei (17) Fuzhou (8) Shanghai (63) Hangzhou (17) Suzhou (9) Nanjing (30) Lanzhou (9) Yangling (1) Xiangtan (2) Beijing (150) Tianjin (19) Changsha (11) Jinhua (1) Ningbo (3) Shantou (1) Wuhan (33) Guangzhou (27)
WFC: 212 INSTITUTIONS: 17
WFC: 241 INSTITUTIONS: 17
WFC: 217 INSTITUTIONS: 33
None of the CAS institutes in Hangzhou appeared in the index
Page: S67
Page: S64
City (number of institutions)
Shown are WFC scores from all the papers that involve collaborations between institutions in the top ten cities. Papers that are written entirely by researchers from one institution are excluded.
Hong Kong has more external than internal collaborations
HON G W F CK O N G : 55
CH AN GC HU N WF C: 20 HOU G U A N GWZF C : 1 8
0 FC: 3 JIN W TIAN OU GZH 1 2 HAN W F C : 1 6 FC: EI W N HA 0 WU F C : 3 W
HEF
INTERCITY COLLABORATIONS
7,633 Number of articles with at least one Chinese researcher.
NANJI W F C : 5N G 8
SH AN G H AI91 W FC :
B W F CE I J I N G : 85 8 The number of Hefei–Beijing collaborations is unusually high
© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
More than half of collaborations by Beijing researchers are with institutions in the same city
N AT U R E I N D E X 2 0 1 4 | C H I N A | S 5 3
