YBRBI 2430
No. of Pages 9, Model 5G
22 August 2014 Brain, Behavior, and Immunity xxx (2014) xxx–xxx 1
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybrbi 5 6
Clinical characteristics of inflammation-associated depression: Monocyte gene expression is age-related in major depressive disorder
3 4 7
Q1
8
Laura Sumaski a,⇑, Livia A. Carvalho b, Annemarie J.M. Wijkhuijs c, Silja Bellingrath d, Tillmann Ruland a, Oliver Ambrée a, Judith Alferink a,e, Thomas Ehring f, Hemmo A. Drexhage c,1, Volker Arolt a,1 a
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Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands d Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany e Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany f Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany b c
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a r t i c l e
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Article history: Received 22 May 2014 Received in revised form 10 August 2014 Accepted 12 August 2014 Available online xxxx
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Keywords: Monocyte gene expression Inflammation Major depressive disorder Glucocorticoid receptor Age Psychoneuroimmunology
a b s t r a c t Increased inflammatory activation might only be present in a subgroup of depressed individuals in which immune processes are especially relevant to disease development. We aimed to analyze demographic, depression, and trauma characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with regard to inflammatory monocyte gene expression. Fifty-six naturalistically treated MDD patients (32 ± 12 years) and 57 healthy controls (HC; 31 ± 11 years) were analyzed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) and by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We determined the expression of 38 inflammatory and immune activation genes including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)a and GRb genes in purified CD14+ monocytes using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Monocyte gene expression was age-dependent, particularly in MDD patients. Increased monocyte gene expression and decreased GRa/b ratio were only present in MDD patients aged P28 years. Post hoc analyses of monocyte immune activation in patients
No. of Pages 9, Model 5G
22 August 2014 Brain, Behavior, and Immunity xxx (2014) xxx–xxx 1
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybrbi 5 6
Clinical characteristics of inflammation-associated depression: Monocyte gene expression is age-related in major depressive disorder
3 4 7
Q1
8
Laura Sumaski a,⇑, Livia A. Carvalho b, Annemarie J.M. Wijkhuijs c, Silja Bellingrath d, Tillmann Ruland a, Oliver Ambrée a, Judith Alferink a,e, Thomas Ehring f, Hemmo A. Drexhage c,1, Volker Arolt a,1 a
9 10 11 12 13 14
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands d Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany e Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany f Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany b c
15
a r t i c l e
1 1 7 3 18 19 20 21 22
i n f o
Article history: Received 22 May 2014 Received in revised form 10 August 2014 Accepted 12 August 2014 Available online xxxx
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Keywords: Monocyte gene expression Inflammation Major depressive disorder Glucocorticoid receptor Age Psychoneuroimmunology
a b s t r a c t Increased inflammatory activation might only be present in a subgroup of depressed individuals in which immune processes are especially relevant to disease development. We aimed to analyze demographic, depression, and trauma characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with regard to inflammatory monocyte gene expression. Fifty-six naturalistically treated MDD patients (32 ± 12 years) and 57 healthy controls (HC; 31 ± 11 years) were analyzed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) and by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We determined the expression of 38 inflammatory and immune activation genes including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)a and GRb genes in purified CD14+ monocytes using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Monocyte gene expression was age-dependent, particularly in MDD patients. Increased monocyte gene expression and decreased GRa/b ratio were only present in MDD patients aged P28 years. Post hoc analyses of monocyte immune activation in patients
