Mitochondrial DNA The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
Complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus simus Zheng-lei Xu, Bi-hong Liao, Ru Zhang, Gen-hua Yang, Ding-guo Zhang, Jun Yao & Li-Sheng Wang To cite this article: Zheng-lei Xu, Bi-hong Liao, Ru Zhang, Gen-hua Yang, Ding-guo Zhang, Jun Yao & Li-Sheng Wang (2014): Complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus simus, Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.919490
Published online: 12 Jun 2014.
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [University of Lethbridge]
Date: 06 November 2015, At: 19:28
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.919490
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus simus Zheng-lei Xu1*, Bi-hong Liao2*, Ru Zhang1, Gen-hua Yang2, Ding-guo Zhang1, Jun Yao1, and Li-Sheng Wang1 Department of Gastroenterology and 2Department of Cardiology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 19:28 06 November 2015
1
Abstract
Keywords
In this study, we report the basic characteristics of the Rhipicephalus simus mitochondrial genome, including structural organization and base composition of the rRNAs, tRNAs and protein-coding genes. The total length of the mitogenome was 14,929 bp, included 37 genes and with a genome structure similar to other ticks.
Genome, mitochondrion, Rhipicephalus simus
The hard ticks (Rhipicephalus) are a genus of ticks in the family Ixodidae, most of which are native to tropical Africa (Olwoch et al., 2007). Species are difficult to be differentiated from each other because many of them are quite similar, but meanwhile individuals of one specific species can show great differences (Beati & Keirans, 2001). Most of the characters used to distinguish species pertaining to male and immature specimens, and ‘‘females are sometimes simply impossible to identify’’ (Beati & Keirans, 2001). Many Rhipicephalus, being vectors of pathogens, are of great economic, medical, as well as veterinary value. They can spread pathogens causing the animal and human diseases such as Q fever, babesiosis, East Coast fever, Boutonneuse fever, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and
History Received 25 April 2014 Accepted 26 April 2014 Published online 6 June 2014
rickettsiosis (Walker et al., 2000), and inject a neurotoxin which causes tick paralysis with a single bite (Olwoch et al., 2007). There are about 74 to 75 species in this genus (Walker et al., 2000). Until now, complete mitochondrial genome sequences of only four species in this genus were reported: R. sanguineus (JX416325; Liu et al., 2013), R. geigyi (KC503263; Burger et al., 2014), R. microplus (KC503261; Burger et al., 2014), and R. australis (KC503255; Burger et al., 2014). In this study, we reported the complete mitogenome of R. simus. Total length of the complete mitogenome was 14,929 bp, with a genome size similar to other ticks (Mikryukova et al., 2014). The accurate annotated mitochondrial genome sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number KJ739594. The total length of the protein-coding gene
Table 1. List of genes encoded by R. simus mitochondrial genome. Position Gene tRNA-Met ND2 tRNA-Trp tRNA-Tyr COX1 COX2 tRNA-Lys tRNA-Asp ATP8 ATP6 COX3 tRNA-Gly ND3 tRNA-Ala
From 1 69 1027 1093 1150 2693 3366 3431 3497 3655 4334 5106 5171 5516
To 68 1025 1091 1157 2688 3368 3431 3496 3655 4320 5105 5170 5512 5577
Base composition (%) Size (bp)
A
C
G
T
68 957 65 65 1539 676 66 66 159 666 772 65 342 62
38.2 39.3 50.8 35.4 30.1 35.9 34.8 43.9 44.1 33.8 29.8 44.6 30.4 38.7
14.7 8.1 7.7 6.1 14.7 14.5 12.1 9.1 9.4 12.4 13.7 4.6 11.4 12.9
11.8 4.5 4.6 20.0 14.3 9.8 16.7 9.1 0.6 8.3 10.8 6.2 8.8 11.3
35.3 48.1 36.9 38.5 40.9 39.8 36.4 37.9 45.9 45.5 45.7 44.6 49.4 37.1
Codons ATT TAA ATT TAA ATG T– – ATT TAA ATG TAA ATG T– – ATT TAA
Strand H H H L H H H H H H H H H H (continued )
*These two authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Li-Sheng Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China. E-mail: [email protected]
2
Z.-l. Xu et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 19:28 06 November 2015
Position
Base composition (%)
Gene
From
To
Size (bp)
A
C
G
T
tRNA-Arg tRNA-Asn tRNA-Ser tRNA-Glu ND1 tRNA-Leu 16SrRNA tRNA-Val 12SrRNA tRNA-Ile tRNA-Gln tRNA-Phe ND5 tRNA-His ND4 ND4L tRNA-Thr tRNA-Pro ND6 Cytb tRNA-Ser tRNA-Leu tRNA-Cys
5580 5639 5705 5761 5992 6892 6955 8163 8227 9229 9305 9393 9453 11,104 11,273 12,472 12,754 12,815 12,868 13,328 14,403 14,473 14,842
5638 5701 5760 5827 6894 6955 8160 8222 8909 9293 9367 9451 11,103 11,164 12,457 12,723 12,814 12,880 13,161 14,302 14,465 14,534 14,899
59 63 56 67 903 64 1206 60 683 65 63 59 1651 61 1185 252 61 66 294 975 63 62 58
30.5 34.9 41.1 37.3 35.3 37.5 41.3 41.7 38.5 41.5 44.4 39.0 45.5 41.0 46.2 48.4 36.1 33.3 36.7 32.6 42.9 37.1 48.3
11.9 15.9 10.7 8.9 9.3 14.1 9.3 8.3 11.0 7.7 4.8 6.8 10.0 11.5 11.3 11.5 8.2 6.1 9.2 12.9 6.3 12.9 5.2
15.2 11.1 7.1 7.5 10.4 14.1 6.3 8.3 7.9 13.9 9.5 6.8 9.1 1.6 8.2 4.0 9.8 16.7 7.5 10.2 7.9 6.4 5.2
42.4 38.1 41.1 46.3 45.0 34.3 43.1 41.7 42.6 36.9 41.3 47.4 35.4 45.9 34.3 36.1 45.9 43.9 46.6 44.3 42.9 43.6 41.3
sequences was 10,371 bp. Most protein-coding genes initiated with ATG except for ND2, ND3, COX1 and ATP8 which began with ATT, ND1 and ND5 with TAA, ND4 and ND4L with TAC, ND6 with ATA. Six protein-coding genes terminated with TAA whereas the ND5 gene terminated with AAA and the ND1, ND4 and ND4L genes terminated with ATT (Table 1). The incomplete stop codon (T– –) was used in COX2, COX3 and Cyt b. The 12S and 16S rRNA genes were 683 bp and 1206 bp in length, respectively. The ribosomal subunit genes were located between the tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Ile genes and further separated by the tRNA-Val gene.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
References Beati L, Keirans JE. (2001). Analysis of the systematic relationships among ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and
Codons
TAA ATT
TAA AAA TAC ATT TAC ATT ATA TAA ATG T– –
Strand H H H H L L L L L H L L L L L L H L H H H L H
Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphological characters. J Parasitol 87: 32–48. Burger TD, Shao R, Labruna MB, Barker SC. (2014). Molecular phylogeny of soft ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) inferred from mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 5: 195–207. Liu GH, Chen F, Chen YZ, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. (2013). Complete mitochondrial genome sequence data provides genetic evidence that the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) represents a species complex. Int J Biol Sci 9:361–9. Mikryukova TP, Romanenko VN, Chausov EV, Konovalova SN, Ternovoi VA, Protopopova EV, Kononova YV, et al. (2014). Complete mitogenome of the ixodid tick Ixodes pavlovskyi (Acari: Ixodida). Mitochondrial DNA 26:1–2. Olwoch JM, Van Jaarsveld AS, Scholtz CH, Horak IG. (2007). Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 74:45–72. Walker JB, Keirans JE, Horak IG. (2000). The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae) – a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Rostrum: Newsletter of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 55:14–54.
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
Complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus simus Zheng-lei Xu, Bi-hong Liao, Ru Zhang, Gen-hua Yang, Ding-guo Zhang, Jun Yao & Li-Sheng Wang To cite this article: Zheng-lei Xu, Bi-hong Liao, Ru Zhang, Gen-hua Yang, Ding-guo Zhang, Jun Yao & Li-Sheng Wang (2014): Complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus simus, Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.919490
Published online: 12 Jun 2014.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 17
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [University of Lethbridge]
Date: 06 November 2015, At: 19:28
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.919490
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus simus Zheng-lei Xu1*, Bi-hong Liao2*, Ru Zhang1, Gen-hua Yang2, Ding-guo Zhang1, Jun Yao1, and Li-Sheng Wang1 Department of Gastroenterology and 2Department of Cardiology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 19:28 06 November 2015
1
Abstract
Keywords
In this study, we report the basic characteristics of the Rhipicephalus simus mitochondrial genome, including structural organization and base composition of the rRNAs, tRNAs and protein-coding genes. The total length of the mitogenome was 14,929 bp, included 37 genes and with a genome structure similar to other ticks.
Genome, mitochondrion, Rhipicephalus simus
The hard ticks (Rhipicephalus) are a genus of ticks in the family Ixodidae, most of which are native to tropical Africa (Olwoch et al., 2007). Species are difficult to be differentiated from each other because many of them are quite similar, but meanwhile individuals of one specific species can show great differences (Beati & Keirans, 2001). Most of the characters used to distinguish species pertaining to male and immature specimens, and ‘‘females are sometimes simply impossible to identify’’ (Beati & Keirans, 2001). Many Rhipicephalus, being vectors of pathogens, are of great economic, medical, as well as veterinary value. They can spread pathogens causing the animal and human diseases such as Q fever, babesiosis, East Coast fever, Boutonneuse fever, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and
History Received 25 April 2014 Accepted 26 April 2014 Published online 6 June 2014
rickettsiosis (Walker et al., 2000), and inject a neurotoxin which causes tick paralysis with a single bite (Olwoch et al., 2007). There are about 74 to 75 species in this genus (Walker et al., 2000). Until now, complete mitochondrial genome sequences of only four species in this genus were reported: R. sanguineus (JX416325; Liu et al., 2013), R. geigyi (KC503263; Burger et al., 2014), R. microplus (KC503261; Burger et al., 2014), and R. australis (KC503255; Burger et al., 2014). In this study, we reported the complete mitogenome of R. simus. Total length of the complete mitogenome was 14,929 bp, with a genome size similar to other ticks (Mikryukova et al., 2014). The accurate annotated mitochondrial genome sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number KJ739594. The total length of the protein-coding gene
Table 1. List of genes encoded by R. simus mitochondrial genome. Position Gene tRNA-Met ND2 tRNA-Trp tRNA-Tyr COX1 COX2 tRNA-Lys tRNA-Asp ATP8 ATP6 COX3 tRNA-Gly ND3 tRNA-Ala
From 1 69 1027 1093 1150 2693 3366 3431 3497 3655 4334 5106 5171 5516
To 68 1025 1091 1157 2688 3368 3431 3496 3655 4320 5105 5170 5512 5577
Base composition (%) Size (bp)
A
C
G
T
68 957 65 65 1539 676 66 66 159 666 772 65 342 62
38.2 39.3 50.8 35.4 30.1 35.9 34.8 43.9 44.1 33.8 29.8 44.6 30.4 38.7
14.7 8.1 7.7 6.1 14.7 14.5 12.1 9.1 9.4 12.4 13.7 4.6 11.4 12.9
11.8 4.5 4.6 20.0 14.3 9.8 16.7 9.1 0.6 8.3 10.8 6.2 8.8 11.3
35.3 48.1 36.9 38.5 40.9 39.8 36.4 37.9 45.9 45.5 45.7 44.6 49.4 37.1
Codons ATT TAA ATT TAA ATG T– – ATT TAA ATG TAA ATG T– – ATT TAA
Strand H H H L H H H H H H H H H H (continued )
*These two authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Li-Sheng Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China. E-mail: [email protected]
2
Z.-l. Xu et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 19:28 06 November 2015
Position
Base composition (%)
Gene
From
To
Size (bp)
A
C
G
T
tRNA-Arg tRNA-Asn tRNA-Ser tRNA-Glu ND1 tRNA-Leu 16SrRNA tRNA-Val 12SrRNA tRNA-Ile tRNA-Gln tRNA-Phe ND5 tRNA-His ND4 ND4L tRNA-Thr tRNA-Pro ND6 Cytb tRNA-Ser tRNA-Leu tRNA-Cys
5580 5639 5705 5761 5992 6892 6955 8163 8227 9229 9305 9393 9453 11,104 11,273 12,472 12,754 12,815 12,868 13,328 14,403 14,473 14,842
5638 5701 5760 5827 6894 6955 8160 8222 8909 9293 9367 9451 11,103 11,164 12,457 12,723 12,814 12,880 13,161 14,302 14,465 14,534 14,899
59 63 56 67 903 64 1206 60 683 65 63 59 1651 61 1185 252 61 66 294 975 63 62 58
30.5 34.9 41.1 37.3 35.3 37.5 41.3 41.7 38.5 41.5 44.4 39.0 45.5 41.0 46.2 48.4 36.1 33.3 36.7 32.6 42.9 37.1 48.3
11.9 15.9 10.7 8.9 9.3 14.1 9.3 8.3 11.0 7.7 4.8 6.8 10.0 11.5 11.3 11.5 8.2 6.1 9.2 12.9 6.3 12.9 5.2
15.2 11.1 7.1 7.5 10.4 14.1 6.3 8.3 7.9 13.9 9.5 6.8 9.1 1.6 8.2 4.0 9.8 16.7 7.5 10.2 7.9 6.4 5.2
42.4 38.1 41.1 46.3 45.0 34.3 43.1 41.7 42.6 36.9 41.3 47.4 35.4 45.9 34.3 36.1 45.9 43.9 46.6 44.3 42.9 43.6 41.3
sequences was 10,371 bp. Most protein-coding genes initiated with ATG except for ND2, ND3, COX1 and ATP8 which began with ATT, ND1 and ND5 with TAA, ND4 and ND4L with TAC, ND6 with ATA. Six protein-coding genes terminated with TAA whereas the ND5 gene terminated with AAA and the ND1, ND4 and ND4L genes terminated with ATT (Table 1). The incomplete stop codon (T– –) was used in COX2, COX3 and Cyt b. The 12S and 16S rRNA genes were 683 bp and 1206 bp in length, respectively. The ribosomal subunit genes were located between the tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Ile genes and further separated by the tRNA-Val gene.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
References Beati L, Keirans JE. (2001). Analysis of the systematic relationships among ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and
Codons
TAA ATT
TAA AAA TAC ATT TAC ATT ATA TAA ATG T– –
Strand H H H H L L L L L H L L L L L L H L H H H L H
Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphological characters. J Parasitol 87: 32–48. Burger TD, Shao R, Labruna MB, Barker SC. (2014). Molecular phylogeny of soft ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) inferred from mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 5: 195–207. Liu GH, Chen F, Chen YZ, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. (2013). Complete mitochondrial genome sequence data provides genetic evidence that the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) represents a species complex. Int J Biol Sci 9:361–9. Mikryukova TP, Romanenko VN, Chausov EV, Konovalova SN, Ternovoi VA, Protopopova EV, Kononova YV, et al. (2014). Complete mitogenome of the ixodid tick Ixodes pavlovskyi (Acari: Ixodida). Mitochondrial DNA 26:1–2. Olwoch JM, Van Jaarsveld AS, Scholtz CH, Horak IG. (2007). Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 74:45–72. Walker JB, Keirans JE, Horak IG. (2000). The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae) – a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Rostrum: Newsletter of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 55:14–54.
