Mitochondrial DNA The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
Complete mitochondrial genome of the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae resedae, as the first representative from the family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea) Teng Li, Wenbo Yi, Haiguang Zhang, Qiang Xie & Wenjun Bu To cite this article: Teng Li, Wenbo Yi, Haiguang Zhang, Qiang Xie & Wenjun Bu (2014): Complete mitochondrial genome of the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae resedae, as the first representative from the family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea), Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.908372
Published online: 14 Apr 2014.
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Date: 06 November 2015, At: 14:35
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.908372
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae resedae, as the first representative from the family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea) Teng Li, Wenbo Yi, Haiguang Zhang, Qiang Xie, and Wenjun Bu
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 14:35 06 November 2015
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Abstract
Keywords
Kleidocerys resedae resedae (Panzer, 1797) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae: Ischnorhynchinae) is one of the destructive insect pests of birch and alder trees in Holarctic. Here we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of this pest, also representing the first mitochondrial genome of the family Lygaeidae. This genome is 14,688 bp long, with an A+T content of 76.0%, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and a control region. All genes were arranged in the same gene order as most of other Heteropteran species. Presently, the length of this mitochondrial genome is the shortest among all available Hemipterans, mainly because of its short control region (220 bp). The unusual intergenic spacer between tRNA-His and ND4, only shared by Lygaeoidea, was also found in K. resedae resedae, which supports that this spacer may be the synapomorphy of Lygaeoidea.
Birch catkin bug, Kleidocerys resedae resedae, Lygaeidae, mitochondrial genome
The birch catkin bug, Kleidocerys resedae resedae (Panzer, 1797) is considered as a pest of birch and alder trees in Holarctic, feeding and breeding on the seed catkin (Schaefer & Panizzi, 2000; Wachmann et al., 2007). Herein, we sequence and describe the complete mt-genome of K. resedae resedae. Adult specimens of K. resedae resedae were collected from Habahe County, Xinjiang, China. The entire mt-genome was generated by amplification of four overlapping PCR fragments (Primers are available from corresponding author on request). The complete mt-genome sequence of K. resedae resedae was a double-stranded circular DNA molecule of 14,688 bp (GenBank accession number: KJ584365; Figure 1), and thus it is the shortest among known mt-genomes in Heimiptera. This mt-genome consisted of the typical 37 genes (2 rRNAs, 13 PCGs and 22 tRNAs) and a control region, with the same gene order of most other true bugs (Hua et al., 2008). All of the 22 typical tRNA genes were found, ranging from 60 to 72 bp. Among the 22 tRNAs, only tRNA-Ser (GCU) could not be folded into the classic cloverleaf secondary structure, due to the
Correspondence: Wenjun Bu, Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China. Tel: 0086-22-23498957. Fax: 0086-22-23498957. E-mail: wenjunbu@ nankai.edu.cn
History Received 18 March 2014 Accepted 22 March 2014 Published online 14 April 2014
dihydrouridine (DHU) stem simply formed a loop. This phenomenon is common to many insect mt-genomes (e.g. Cui et al. (2013)). The 16S rRNA has a length of 1260 bp with an A+T content of 78.6%, while 12S rRNA has a length of 778 bp with an A+T content of 76.8%. For the whole mt-genome of K. resedae resedae, the nucleotide composition was significantly biased toward A and T, with an A+T content of 76.0%. The nucleotide bias toward AT was also reflected in the codon usage, with the third codon position (87.0%) was higher in A+T content than the first (71.8%) and second (67.8%) codon positions. Most protein coding genes (PCGs) initiated with ATN as start codon (five with ATA, four with ATG, two with ATT and one with ATC). The only exception was the COI gene with TTG as a start codon. Ten PCGs stopped with the complete termination codon: eight with TAA and two with TAG. The remaining three PCGs (COII, COIII and ND5) were terminated with a single T adjacent to a downstream tRNA gene on the same strand. The mt-genome of K. resedae resedae contained three major non-coding regions: spacer I was 17 bp between tRNA-Ser and ND1, which was common to most insect mt-genomes; spacer II was 49 bp between tRNA-His and ND4, which was a feature common to all sequenced Lygaeoidea mt-genomes; spacer III was the control region of 220 bp, with an A+T content of 73.2%, between 12S rRNA and tRNA-Ile (Figure 1). Presently, the length of the K. resedae resedae control region is the shortest in Hemiptera. The control region of K. resedae resedae contained three motifs: (1) a microsatellite-like repeat region ((AATAAC)2); (2) a 7 bp poly-C structure, which was also found in other insects (Li et al., 2013, 2012); (3) a potential stem-loop secondary structure.
2
T. Li et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 14:35 06 November 2015
Figure 1. Structure of the mitochondrial genome of Kleidocerys resedae resedae (GenBank accession number KJ584365). Gene names without underline indicate the direction of transcription of the majority strand (J-strand), and with underline indicate the minority strand (N-strand). The tRNA genes are denoted by the color blocks and are named using single-letter amino acid abbreviations.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Mrs. Cuiqing Gao (Nanjing Forestry University) for supplying the specimen’s photograph used in this study. We thank Dr Da´vid Re´dei (Nankai University) for the suggestions on writing the paper.
Declaration of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31372240, No. J1210005).
References Cui Y, Xie Q, Hua J, Dang K, Zhou J, Liu X, Wang G, et al. (2013). Phylogenomics of Hemiptera (Insecta:
Paraneoptera) based on mitochondrial genomes. Syst Entomol 38: 233–45. Hua JM, Li M, Dong PZ, Cui Y, Xie Q, Bu WJ. (2008). Comparative and phylogenomic studies on the mitochondrial genomes of Pentatomomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). BMC Genomics 9:610. Li H, Liu H, Shi A, Stys P, Zhou X, Cai W. (2012). The complete mitochondrial genome and novel gene arrangement of the uniqueheaded bug Stenopirates sp. (Hemiptera: Enicocephalidae). PLoS One 7:e29419. Li T, Gao CQ, Cui Y, Xie Q, Bu W. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the stalk-eyed bug Chauliops fallax Scott, and the monophyly of Malcidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). PloS One 8:e55381. Schaefer CW, Panizzi AR. (2000). Heteroptera of economic importance. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Wachmann E, Melber A, Deckert J. (2007). Wanzen 3 – Tierwelt Deutschlands. Keltern: Verlag, Goecke & Evers.
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
Complete mitochondrial genome of the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae resedae, as the first representative from the family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea) Teng Li, Wenbo Yi, Haiguang Zhang, Qiang Xie & Wenjun Bu To cite this article: Teng Li, Wenbo Yi, Haiguang Zhang, Qiang Xie & Wenjun Bu (2014): Complete mitochondrial genome of the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae resedae, as the first representative from the family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea), Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.908372
Published online: 14 Apr 2014.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 21
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [University of Lethbridge]
Date: 06 November 2015, At: 14:35
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.908372
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of the birch catkin bug Kleidocerys resedae resedae, as the first representative from the family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea) Teng Li, Wenbo Yi, Haiguang Zhang, Qiang Xie, and Wenjun Bu
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 14:35 06 November 2015
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Abstract
Keywords
Kleidocerys resedae resedae (Panzer, 1797) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae: Ischnorhynchinae) is one of the destructive insect pests of birch and alder trees in Holarctic. Here we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of this pest, also representing the first mitochondrial genome of the family Lygaeidae. This genome is 14,688 bp long, with an A+T content of 76.0%, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and a control region. All genes were arranged in the same gene order as most of other Heteropteran species. Presently, the length of this mitochondrial genome is the shortest among all available Hemipterans, mainly because of its short control region (220 bp). The unusual intergenic spacer between tRNA-His and ND4, only shared by Lygaeoidea, was also found in K. resedae resedae, which supports that this spacer may be the synapomorphy of Lygaeoidea.
Birch catkin bug, Kleidocerys resedae resedae, Lygaeidae, mitochondrial genome
The birch catkin bug, Kleidocerys resedae resedae (Panzer, 1797) is considered as a pest of birch and alder trees in Holarctic, feeding and breeding on the seed catkin (Schaefer & Panizzi, 2000; Wachmann et al., 2007). Herein, we sequence and describe the complete mt-genome of K. resedae resedae. Adult specimens of K. resedae resedae were collected from Habahe County, Xinjiang, China. The entire mt-genome was generated by amplification of four overlapping PCR fragments (Primers are available from corresponding author on request). The complete mt-genome sequence of K. resedae resedae was a double-stranded circular DNA molecule of 14,688 bp (GenBank accession number: KJ584365; Figure 1), and thus it is the shortest among known mt-genomes in Heimiptera. This mt-genome consisted of the typical 37 genes (2 rRNAs, 13 PCGs and 22 tRNAs) and a control region, with the same gene order of most other true bugs (Hua et al., 2008). All of the 22 typical tRNA genes were found, ranging from 60 to 72 bp. Among the 22 tRNAs, only tRNA-Ser (GCU) could not be folded into the classic cloverleaf secondary structure, due to the
Correspondence: Wenjun Bu, Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China. Tel: 0086-22-23498957. Fax: 0086-22-23498957. E-mail: wenjunbu@ nankai.edu.cn
History Received 18 March 2014 Accepted 22 March 2014 Published online 14 April 2014
dihydrouridine (DHU) stem simply formed a loop. This phenomenon is common to many insect mt-genomes (e.g. Cui et al. (2013)). The 16S rRNA has a length of 1260 bp with an A+T content of 78.6%, while 12S rRNA has a length of 778 bp with an A+T content of 76.8%. For the whole mt-genome of K. resedae resedae, the nucleotide composition was significantly biased toward A and T, with an A+T content of 76.0%. The nucleotide bias toward AT was also reflected in the codon usage, with the third codon position (87.0%) was higher in A+T content than the first (71.8%) and second (67.8%) codon positions. Most protein coding genes (PCGs) initiated with ATN as start codon (five with ATA, four with ATG, two with ATT and one with ATC). The only exception was the COI gene with TTG as a start codon. Ten PCGs stopped with the complete termination codon: eight with TAA and two with TAG. The remaining three PCGs (COII, COIII and ND5) were terminated with a single T adjacent to a downstream tRNA gene on the same strand. The mt-genome of K. resedae resedae contained three major non-coding regions: spacer I was 17 bp between tRNA-Ser and ND1, which was common to most insect mt-genomes; spacer II was 49 bp between tRNA-His and ND4, which was a feature common to all sequenced Lygaeoidea mt-genomes; spacer III was the control region of 220 bp, with an A+T content of 73.2%, between 12S rRNA and tRNA-Ile (Figure 1). Presently, the length of the K. resedae resedae control region is the shortest in Hemiptera. The control region of K. resedae resedae contained three motifs: (1) a microsatellite-like repeat region ((AATAAC)2); (2) a 7 bp poly-C structure, which was also found in other insects (Li et al., 2013, 2012); (3) a potential stem-loop secondary structure.
2
T. Li et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 14:35 06 November 2015
Figure 1. Structure of the mitochondrial genome of Kleidocerys resedae resedae (GenBank accession number KJ584365). Gene names without underline indicate the direction of transcription of the majority strand (J-strand), and with underline indicate the minority strand (N-strand). The tRNA genes are denoted by the color blocks and are named using single-letter amino acid abbreviations.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Mrs. Cuiqing Gao (Nanjing Forestry University) for supplying the specimen’s photograph used in this study. We thank Dr Da´vid Re´dei (Nankai University) for the suggestions on writing the paper.
Declaration of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31372240, No. J1210005).
References Cui Y, Xie Q, Hua J, Dang K, Zhou J, Liu X, Wang G, et al. (2013). Phylogenomics of Hemiptera (Insecta:
Paraneoptera) based on mitochondrial genomes. Syst Entomol 38: 233–45. Hua JM, Li M, Dong PZ, Cui Y, Xie Q, Bu WJ. (2008). Comparative and phylogenomic studies on the mitochondrial genomes of Pentatomomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). BMC Genomics 9:610. Li H, Liu H, Shi A, Stys P, Zhou X, Cai W. (2012). The complete mitochondrial genome and novel gene arrangement of the uniqueheaded bug Stenopirates sp. (Hemiptera: Enicocephalidae). PLoS One 7:e29419. Li T, Gao CQ, Cui Y, Xie Q, Bu W. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the stalk-eyed bug Chauliops fallax Scott, and the monophyly of Malcidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). PloS One 8:e55381. Schaefer CW, Panizzi AR. (2000). Heteroptera of economic importance. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Wachmann E, Melber A, Deckert J. (2007). Wanzen 3 – Tierwelt Deutschlands. Keltern: Verlag, Goecke & Evers.
