Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 197608, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/197608
Research Article Cytotoxicity of Cyclodipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Leads to Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines Dolores Vázquez-Rivera,1 Omar González,1 Jaquelina Guzmán-Rodríguez,2 Alma L. Díaz-Pérez,1 Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa,2 José López-Bucio,1 Víctor Meza-Carmen,1 and Jesús Campos-García1 1
Instituto de Investigaciones Qu´ımico Biol´ogicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol´as de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, MICH, Mexico 2 Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnolog´ıa, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zoot´ecnia, UMSNH, 58893 Morelia, MICH, Mexico Correspondence should be addressed to V´ıctor Meza-Carmen; victor [email protected] and Jes´us Campos-Garc´ıa; [email protected] Received 14 August 2014; Revised 18 October 2014; Accepted 19 October 2014 Academic Editor: J. Eleazar Barboza-Corona Copyright © 2015 Dolores V´azquez-Rivera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of plants and animals, which produces virulence factors in order to infect or colonize its eukaryotic hosts. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) produced by P. aeruginosa exhibit cytotoxic properties toward human tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a CDP mix, comprised of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and cyclo(LPro-L-Phe) that were isolated from P. aeruginosa, on two human cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that the CDP mix promoted cell death in cultures of the HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma and Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines in a dosedependent manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 0.53 and 0.66 mg/mL, for HeLa and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis, using annexin V and propidium iodide as apoptosis and necrosis indicators, respectively, clearly showed that HeLa and Caco-2 cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics when treated with the CDP mix at a concentration
Research Article Cytotoxicity of Cyclodipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Leads to Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines Dolores Vázquez-Rivera,1 Omar González,1 Jaquelina Guzmán-Rodríguez,2 Alma L. Díaz-Pérez,1 Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa,2 José López-Bucio,1 Víctor Meza-Carmen,1 and Jesús Campos-García1 1
Instituto de Investigaciones Qu´ımico Biol´ogicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol´as de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, MICH, Mexico 2 Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnolog´ıa, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zoot´ecnia, UMSNH, 58893 Morelia, MICH, Mexico Correspondence should be addressed to V´ıctor Meza-Carmen; victor [email protected] and Jes´us Campos-Garc´ıa; [email protected] Received 14 August 2014; Revised 18 October 2014; Accepted 19 October 2014 Academic Editor: J. Eleazar Barboza-Corona Copyright © 2015 Dolores V´azquez-Rivera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of plants and animals, which produces virulence factors in order to infect or colonize its eukaryotic hosts. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) produced by P. aeruginosa exhibit cytotoxic properties toward human tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a CDP mix, comprised of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and cyclo(LPro-L-Phe) that were isolated from P. aeruginosa, on two human cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that the CDP mix promoted cell death in cultures of the HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma and Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines in a dosedependent manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 0.53 and 0.66 mg/mL, for HeLa and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis, using annexin V and propidium iodide as apoptosis and necrosis indicators, respectively, clearly showed that HeLa and Caco-2 cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics when treated with the CDP mix at a concentration
