Clinical Genetics 1977: 11: 214-218
Dermatoglyphics in Cri du Chat syndrome HIROSHISHIONOI, JUN-ICHIKADoWAKIZ 1 Department
AND
HISASHI KAZAMAl
of Legal Medicine, Sapporo Medical College, Chuoku, and of Pediatrics, National Nishi-Sapporo Hospital, Yamanote, Nishiku, Sapporo, Japan
-2 Department
The dermatoglyphics of 33 Japanese (20 females and 13 males) with Cri du Chat syndrome were compared with 544 male and 129 female controls. In these cases, 18 cases were described only with regard to simian crease and distal axial triradius. It was found that these patients showed high frequencies of certain characteristics such as whorl pattern, arch pattern, thenar pattern, bilateral simian creases and distally displaced axial triradii on both palms (t’), Received 25 August, revised 15 October, accepted for publication 29 October 1976
Since the first description of the “Cri du Chat” syndrome by Lejeune et al. (1963), almost 40 cases have been reported in Japan. Among these, however, only 15 cases were studied with respect to dermatoglyphics, and in 18 cases only simian creases and distal axial triradius (t’) were described. Many authors have noted unusual dermatoglyphics in this syndrome. The abnormalities consist of simian creases, which are unusual in that they are present bilaterally, and which have been mentioned in about 50 % of cases (Punnett et al. 1964, Hijmans & Shearin 1965, Vissian et al. 1965, Kajii et al. 1966, SteeIe et al. 1966, Gordon & Cooke 1968), and a distal axial triradius, which was present bilaterally in about 60 % of cases (Punnett et al. 1964, Vissian et al. 1965, Kajii et al. 1966, DeCapoa et al. 1967, Warburton & Miller 1967). The frequency of whorls on fingertips is significantly higher than in the normal population, whereas ulnar loops are decreased. Arches
and radial loops account for 8.9 % and 4.1 % , respectively, based on reported cases with Cri du Chat syndrome (Schauman & Alter 1974). Niebuhr (1971) found an increased frequency of sole patterns in the second and fourth interdigital area and slightly fewer fibular loops on the toes than in the controls. Durmars et al. (1964) and MacCracken & Gordon (1 965) found no characteristic pattern in patients with Cri du Chat syndrome. Materials and Methods
The materials for the present study cornprised prints of 33 individuals (20 females and 13 males): four patients in the outpatient clinic of Sapporo Medical College, seven patients reported by Yokoyama el al. (1973), five patients by Tsuda et al. (1969), three patients by Kuroki et al. (3969), two patients by Mine (1973) and one patient each by Urano et al. (1965), Kajii et al. (1966),
215
DERMATOGLYPHICS IN CRI DU CHAT SYNDROME
Tada et al. (1966), Itoh & Gotoh (1967), Takashima & Nakaruma (1967), Ikeuchi et al. (1967), Morio & Matsui (1968), Ohishi et al. (1969), Nakamura et al. (1971), Kagawa & Fukuyama (1973), Sasai et al. (1974) and Nomoto et al. (1976). All were Japanese. In 18 cases, only simian creases and distal axial triradius (t’) were described. The chromosomal analyses were conducted by a modification of the method described by Moorhead et al. (1960). The control group consisted of 544 male and 129 female students of Sapporo Medical College and Nurse Training School, aged 22 to 25 years. They were all unrelated, of Japanese origin, and apparently healthy. Fingerprints were recorded by using the Hollister Fingerprint method, and palm prints were recorded using an ink stamp pad. The finger patterns were classified into: ulnar loop, radial loop, whorl, and arch patterns. The characteristics studied were: 1) the axial triradii (Walker 1957); 2) interdigital loops in the second, third and fourth interdigital areas of palms; 3) the hypothenar pattern; 4) the thenadfirst interdigital pattern; and 5) concerning a complete transverse flexion crease, the so-called simian crease. Results
I) Digital Patterns The percentage frequencies of whorls, ulnar and radial loops and arches on all digits in the Cri du Chat syndrome group and those of the control group are shown in Table 1. The following results were obtained: 1) In general, the frequencies of the whorl patterns tended to increase as those of the ulnar and radial loops decreased. The difference between the frequencies of whorl pattern in Cri du Chat syndrome and those
Table 1
Percentage frequencies of all digital patterns in Cri du Chat syndrome and in controls
Whorl Ulnar loop Radial loop Arch
Cri du Chat syndrome (15 cases) %
(544 males)
Control group (129 females) Oto Qh
58.0 33.3 2.2 6.0
47.7 47.2 3.3 1.8
40.0 54.5 3.4 2.1
in the control group were statistically sig2 8.1999;df = 1;0.005 P nificant ( ~ = 0.001). 2) The percentage frequencies of arch patterns in all digits in Cri du Chat syndrome were statistically higher than in the control group (x2 = 12.5191;df = l ; P 0.001). 3) The frequencies of radial loops were not elevated, and this pattern was observed on the second digits.
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Dermatoglyphics in Cri du Chat syndrome HIROSHISHIONOI, JUN-ICHIKADoWAKIZ 1 Department
AND
HISASHI KAZAMAl
of Legal Medicine, Sapporo Medical College, Chuoku, and of Pediatrics, National Nishi-Sapporo Hospital, Yamanote, Nishiku, Sapporo, Japan
-2 Department
The dermatoglyphics of 33 Japanese (20 females and 13 males) with Cri du Chat syndrome were compared with 544 male and 129 female controls. In these cases, 18 cases were described only with regard to simian crease and distal axial triradius. It was found that these patients showed high frequencies of certain characteristics such as whorl pattern, arch pattern, thenar pattern, bilateral simian creases and distally displaced axial triradii on both palms (t’), Received 25 August, revised 15 October, accepted for publication 29 October 1976
Since the first description of the “Cri du Chat” syndrome by Lejeune et al. (1963), almost 40 cases have been reported in Japan. Among these, however, only 15 cases were studied with respect to dermatoglyphics, and in 18 cases only simian creases and distal axial triradius (t’) were described. Many authors have noted unusual dermatoglyphics in this syndrome. The abnormalities consist of simian creases, which are unusual in that they are present bilaterally, and which have been mentioned in about 50 % of cases (Punnett et al. 1964, Hijmans & Shearin 1965, Vissian et al. 1965, Kajii et al. 1966, SteeIe et al. 1966, Gordon & Cooke 1968), and a distal axial triradius, which was present bilaterally in about 60 % of cases (Punnett et al. 1964, Vissian et al. 1965, Kajii et al. 1966, DeCapoa et al. 1967, Warburton & Miller 1967). The frequency of whorls on fingertips is significantly higher than in the normal population, whereas ulnar loops are decreased. Arches
and radial loops account for 8.9 % and 4.1 % , respectively, based on reported cases with Cri du Chat syndrome (Schauman & Alter 1974). Niebuhr (1971) found an increased frequency of sole patterns in the second and fourth interdigital area and slightly fewer fibular loops on the toes than in the controls. Durmars et al. (1964) and MacCracken & Gordon (1 965) found no characteristic pattern in patients with Cri du Chat syndrome. Materials and Methods
The materials for the present study cornprised prints of 33 individuals (20 females and 13 males): four patients in the outpatient clinic of Sapporo Medical College, seven patients reported by Yokoyama el al. (1973), five patients by Tsuda et al. (1969), three patients by Kuroki et al. (3969), two patients by Mine (1973) and one patient each by Urano et al. (1965), Kajii et al. (1966),
215
DERMATOGLYPHICS IN CRI DU CHAT SYNDROME
Tada et al. (1966), Itoh & Gotoh (1967), Takashima & Nakaruma (1967), Ikeuchi et al. (1967), Morio & Matsui (1968), Ohishi et al. (1969), Nakamura et al. (1971), Kagawa & Fukuyama (1973), Sasai et al. (1974) and Nomoto et al. (1976). All were Japanese. In 18 cases, only simian creases and distal axial triradius (t’) were described. The chromosomal analyses were conducted by a modification of the method described by Moorhead et al. (1960). The control group consisted of 544 male and 129 female students of Sapporo Medical College and Nurse Training School, aged 22 to 25 years. They were all unrelated, of Japanese origin, and apparently healthy. Fingerprints were recorded by using the Hollister Fingerprint method, and palm prints were recorded using an ink stamp pad. The finger patterns were classified into: ulnar loop, radial loop, whorl, and arch patterns. The characteristics studied were: 1) the axial triradii (Walker 1957); 2) interdigital loops in the second, third and fourth interdigital areas of palms; 3) the hypothenar pattern; 4) the thenadfirst interdigital pattern; and 5) concerning a complete transverse flexion crease, the so-called simian crease. Results
I) Digital Patterns The percentage frequencies of whorls, ulnar and radial loops and arches on all digits in the Cri du Chat syndrome group and those of the control group are shown in Table 1. The following results were obtained: 1) In general, the frequencies of the whorl patterns tended to increase as those of the ulnar and radial loops decreased. The difference between the frequencies of whorl pattern in Cri du Chat syndrome and those
Table 1
Percentage frequencies of all digital patterns in Cri du Chat syndrome and in controls
Whorl Ulnar loop Radial loop Arch
Cri du Chat syndrome (15 cases) %
(544 males)
Control group (129 females) Oto Qh
58.0 33.3 2.2 6.0
47.7 47.2 3.3 1.8
40.0 54.5 3.4 2.1
in the control group were statistically sig2 8.1999;df = 1;0.005 P nificant ( ~ = 0.001). 2) The percentage frequencies of arch patterns in all digits in Cri du Chat syndrome were statistically higher than in the control group (x2 = 12.5191;df = l ; P 0.001). 3) The frequencies of radial loops were not elevated, and this pattern was observed on the second digits.
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