Original Research published: 25 September 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00183

Development and Validation of the Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Motive Questionnaire in a Clinical Population Daniela Thurn1,2*, Emmanuel Kuntsche3,4,5, Jennifer Anna Weber 2 and Jörg Wolstein 2  Clinical Addiction Medicine, Bezirkskrankenhaus Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, 2 Department of Psychology, Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany, 3 Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 4 Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 5 Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 1

Edited by: Luigi Janiri, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy Reviewed by: Martin Zack, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada Jane Metrik, Brown University, United States *Correspondence: Daniela Thurn [email protected] Specialty section: This article was submitted to Addictive Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Received: 12 June 2017 Accepted: 11 September 2017 Published: 25 September 2017 Citation: Thurn D, Kuntsche E, Weber JA and Wolstein J (2017) Development and Validation of the Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Motive Questionnaire in a Clinical Population. Front. Psychiatry 8:183. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00183

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Approximately 35.7 million people world-wide use amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) leading to a high demand for effective treatment. Understanding the motives behind ATS use is a necessary basis for preventive and therapeutic treatment. The objective of this study is to develop the Amphetamine-Type stimulants Motive Questionnaire (AMQ) and to confirm its construct and concurrent validity in respect to the first and the latest month of ATS use based on answers of 233 patients with ATS disorders (74.2% male; mean age: 31.1 years). Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test for the construct validity of the AMQ. Nested models of confirmatory factor analyses with increasing constraints for gender and age were estimated to test the equivalence of the factor structure in different subgroups. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to test for mean differences in the motive dimensions. A structural equation model was estimated to confirm the concurrent validity using the latent four motive factors (i.e., enhancement, coping, social, and conformity motives) as independent variables and frequency of ATS use in the first and the latest month of use as a dependent variable. The results confirmed the AMQ’s four-dimensional factor structure in general, and across gender and age groups for both periods of time. Men (first month: M = 4.21, SD = 0.75; latest month: M = 3.86, SD = 0.93) use ATS more frequently due to enhancement motives than women (first month: M = 3.85, SD = 1.12; latest month: M = 3.46, SD = 1.29) at both periods of time [first month: t(77) = −2.33, p = 0.022; latest month: t(80)  =  −2.19, p  =  0.031]. Structural equation modeling confirmed an association between coping motives and use frequency, for both periods of time (first and latest month: β  =  0.32, p 

Development and Validation of the Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Motive Questionnaire in a Clinical Population.

Approximately 35.7 million people world-wide use amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) leading to a high demand for effective treatment. Understanding the...
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