RESEARCH ARTICLE
Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Jun Han1☯, Yi Jiang1☯, Xiao Liu2, Qingyang Meng1, Qiulei Xi1, Qiulin Zhuang1, Yusong Han1, Ying Gao3, Qiurong Ding3, Guohao Wu1* 1 The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 2 Nursing Department, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 3 Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected]
Abstract Background and Objectives Consumption of dietary fat has been reported to be associated with gastric cancer risk, but the results of epidemiologic studies remain inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the association between dietary fat intake and gastric cancer risk. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Han J, Jiang Y, Liu X, Meng Q, Xi Q, Zhuang Q, et al. (2015) Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0138580. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0138580 Editor: Chung-Jung Chiu, Tufts University, UNITED STATES Received: May 4, 2015
Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify observational studies providing quantitative estimates between dietary fat and gastric cancer risk. Random effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risk(SRR) in the highest versus lowest analysis. Categorical dose-response analysis was conducted to quantify the association between dietary fat intake and gastric cancer risk. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using I2 and tau2(between study variance)statistics. Subgroup analysis and publication bias analysis were also performed.
Accepted: September 1, 2015 Published: September 24, 2015
Results
Copyright: © 2015 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Twenty-two articles were included in the meta-analysis. The SRR for gastric cancer was 1.18 for individuals with highest intake versus lowest intake of total fat (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999–1.39; n = 28; P< 0.001; tau2 = 0.12; I2 = 69.5%, 95% CI: 55%-79%) and 1.08 with a daily increase in total fat intake (20 g/d) (95%CI: 1.02–1.14; n = 6; P = 0.09; tau2 = 0.002; I2 = 46.8%, 95% CI: 0%-79%). Positive association between saturated fat intake (SRR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.09–1.58;n = 18;P 100 items AND
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0138580 September 24, 2015
3 / 18
Dietary Fat and Gastric Cancer Risk
FFQ 100 items), and study quality (NOS scores). Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to estimate the influence of each study on the summary results by repeating the random effects meta-analysis after omitting one study at a time.The probability of publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of asymmetry in funnel plots and Egger’s test and Begg’stest[29, 30]. AndP value
Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Jun Han1☯, Yi Jiang1☯, Xiao Liu2, Qingyang Meng1, Qiulei Xi1, Qiulin Zhuang1, Yusong Han1, Ying Gao3, Qiurong Ding3, Guohao Wu1* 1 The Clinical Nutrition Center of Shanghai, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 2 Nursing Department, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 3 Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected]
Abstract Background and Objectives Consumption of dietary fat has been reported to be associated with gastric cancer risk, but the results of epidemiologic studies remain inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the association between dietary fat intake and gastric cancer risk. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Han J, Jiang Y, Liu X, Meng Q, Xi Q, Zhuang Q, et al. (2015) Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0138580. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0138580 Editor: Chung-Jung Chiu, Tufts University, UNITED STATES Received: May 4, 2015
Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify observational studies providing quantitative estimates between dietary fat and gastric cancer risk. Random effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risk(SRR) in the highest versus lowest analysis. Categorical dose-response analysis was conducted to quantify the association between dietary fat intake and gastric cancer risk. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using I2 and tau2(between study variance)statistics. Subgroup analysis and publication bias analysis were also performed.
Accepted: September 1, 2015 Published: September 24, 2015
Results
Copyright: © 2015 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Twenty-two articles were included in the meta-analysis. The SRR for gastric cancer was 1.18 for individuals with highest intake versus lowest intake of total fat (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999–1.39; n = 28; P< 0.001; tau2 = 0.12; I2 = 69.5%, 95% CI: 55%-79%) and 1.08 with a daily increase in total fat intake (20 g/d) (95%CI: 1.02–1.14; n = 6; P = 0.09; tau2 = 0.002; I2 = 46.8%, 95% CI: 0%-79%). Positive association between saturated fat intake (SRR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.09–1.58;n = 18;P 100 items AND
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0138580 September 24, 2015
3 / 18
Dietary Fat and Gastric Cancer Risk
FFQ 100 items), and study quality (NOS scores). Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to estimate the influence of each study on the summary results by repeating the random effects meta-analysis after omitting one study at a time.The probability of publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of asymmetry in funnel plots and Egger’s test and Begg’stest[29, 30]. AndP value
