THROMBOSIS RESEARCH 66; 613-616,1992 0049-3848/92 $5.00 + .OOPrinted in the USA. Copyright (c) 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. All rights reserved.
BRIEF COMMUNICATION DIFFERENT COAGULABILITY AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY DURING EXERCISE DEPENDING ON EXERCISE INTENSITIES Koichi Handa. Yasunori Terao*, Tsukasa Mori, Hiroaki Tanaka*, Akira Kiyonagar, Akira Matsunaga, Jun Sasaki, Munehiro Shindo* and Kikuo Arakawa Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and iDepartment of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
(Received 26.12.1991; accepted in revised form 4.3.1992 by Editor H.C. Kwaan)
INTRODUCTION Exercise activates fibrinolysis by releasing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and fibrinolysis correlates physical fitness (1,2,3). However, the relation between t-PA and exercise intensity has not been well defined. We examined the relationship of exercise intensity with coagulability and fibrinolytic parameters at rest and during exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten healthy male volunteers were used. Mean ? SD values for (kg) and maximal age (years), body height (cm), body weight 67.6k5.2, oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) were 22.923.4, 173.3k4.4, Prior to the study, the subjects 41.4k3.9, respectively. with 20performed progressive exercise on a bicycle ergometer increase every 2 min until exhaustion. The blood lactate watts (4). obtained from an earlobe, was plotted of each subject the exercise workload in watts and exercise intensities against corresponding to half the lactate threshold (1/2LT), LT and 4 lactate was determined. On the day of the of blood mmol/l experiment, the subjects arrived 3-4 hrs after light breakfast at room temperature was laboratory where the air conditioned Constant workload controlled at 20-22' C and humidity 45-50%. at 3 exercise for 20 min on a bicycle ergometer was performed exercise intensities every three days. Order of the different Blood was taken exercise intensity was randomized individually. Key words: Exercise, Tissue plasminogen 613
activator,
Fibrinolysis
614
FIBRINOLYSIS DURING EXERCISE
Vol.66,No.5
from a vena media cubiti by a catheter at rest and just before The blood samples were put in termination of exercise. Each siliconized tubes containing 0.13 mol/l trisodium-citrate. (t-PA Act) was samples of t-PA activity for assessment buffer pH immediately acidified with 0.2 mol/l sodium acetate 3.9. All the tubes were centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 15 min and the plasma was stored immediately at -40' C until analysis. Prothrombin time (PT) and Kaolin-activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined as described by Sokal et al. (5). assay (6). Plasminogen was determined by chromogenic substrate t-PA activity (t-PA Act) was assayed in euglobin fractions of t-PA (7). plasma by the parabolic rate assay for t-PA Act antigen (t-PA Ag) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type one the enzyme-linked antigen (PAIAg) were determined by (ELISA) method (8,9). Since the subjects immunosorbent assay decreased during were extensively dehydrated and plasma volume exercise, correction was made for plasma concentration based on and the percentage of red cells (10). that of hemoglobin between rest and exercise values were Significant differences and non paired t-test was t-test, analyzed by the paired significance of the differences of conducted to determine exercise intensity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 presents changes in PT and APTT for three different Table Control values for PT and APTT were exercise intensities. 12.7 sec. respectively. APTT at moderate (LT) and set and 36.3 highest (4 mmol/l of blood lactate) intensities significantly but not PT at even the highest exercise intensity (4 decreased, mmol/l of blood lactate). These findings were consistent with previous reports (11.12). TABLE 1 Exercise
intensity
PT (set)
APTT (set)
l/2 of Lactate threshold Rest Exercise
12.8?0.5 12.7tO.4
33.424.4 32.2k3.8
Lactate threshold Rest Exercise
12.2+0.6 12.420.6
37.624.5 35.8+4.3*
4 mmol/l of blood lactate Rest Exercise
13.1kl.O 12.720.5
38.022.9 35.8%1.9*
All values are means+SD +p
BRIEF COMMUNICATION DIFFERENT COAGULABILITY AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY DURING EXERCISE DEPENDING ON EXERCISE INTENSITIES Koichi Handa. Yasunori Terao*, Tsukasa Mori, Hiroaki Tanaka*, Akira Kiyonagar, Akira Matsunaga, Jun Sasaki, Munehiro Shindo* and Kikuo Arakawa Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and iDepartment of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
(Received 26.12.1991; accepted in revised form 4.3.1992 by Editor H.C. Kwaan)
INTRODUCTION Exercise activates fibrinolysis by releasing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and fibrinolysis correlates physical fitness (1,2,3). However, the relation between t-PA and exercise intensity has not been well defined. We examined the relationship of exercise intensity with coagulability and fibrinolytic parameters at rest and during exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten healthy male volunteers were used. Mean ? SD values for (kg) and maximal age (years), body height (cm), body weight 67.6k5.2, oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) were 22.923.4, 173.3k4.4, Prior to the study, the subjects 41.4k3.9, respectively. with 20performed progressive exercise on a bicycle ergometer increase every 2 min until exhaustion. The blood lactate watts (4). obtained from an earlobe, was plotted of each subject the exercise workload in watts and exercise intensities against corresponding to half the lactate threshold (1/2LT), LT and 4 lactate was determined. On the day of the of blood mmol/l experiment, the subjects arrived 3-4 hrs after light breakfast at room temperature was laboratory where the air conditioned Constant workload controlled at 20-22' C and humidity 45-50%. at 3 exercise for 20 min on a bicycle ergometer was performed exercise intensities every three days. Order of the different Blood was taken exercise intensity was randomized individually. Key words: Exercise, Tissue plasminogen 613
activator,
Fibrinolysis
614
FIBRINOLYSIS DURING EXERCISE
Vol.66,No.5
from a vena media cubiti by a catheter at rest and just before The blood samples were put in termination of exercise. Each siliconized tubes containing 0.13 mol/l trisodium-citrate. (t-PA Act) was samples of t-PA activity for assessment buffer pH immediately acidified with 0.2 mol/l sodium acetate 3.9. All the tubes were centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 15 min and the plasma was stored immediately at -40' C until analysis. Prothrombin time (PT) and Kaolin-activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined as described by Sokal et al. (5). assay (6). Plasminogen was determined by chromogenic substrate t-PA activity (t-PA Act) was assayed in euglobin fractions of t-PA (7). plasma by the parabolic rate assay for t-PA Act antigen (t-PA Ag) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type one the enzyme-linked antigen (PAIAg) were determined by (ELISA) method (8,9). Since the subjects immunosorbent assay decreased during were extensively dehydrated and plasma volume exercise, correction was made for plasma concentration based on and the percentage of red cells (10). that of hemoglobin between rest and exercise values were Significant differences and non paired t-test was t-test, analyzed by the paired significance of the differences of conducted to determine exercise intensity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 presents changes in PT and APTT for three different Table Control values for PT and APTT were exercise intensities. 12.7 sec. respectively. APTT at moderate (LT) and set and 36.3 highest (4 mmol/l of blood lactate) intensities significantly but not PT at even the highest exercise intensity (4 decreased, mmol/l of blood lactate). These findings were consistent with previous reports (11.12). TABLE 1 Exercise
intensity
PT (set)
APTT (set)
l/2 of Lactate threshold Rest Exercise
12.8?0.5 12.7tO.4
33.424.4 32.2k3.8
Lactate threshold Rest Exercise
12.2+0.6 12.420.6
37.624.5 35.8+4.3*
4 mmol/l of blood lactate Rest Exercise
13.1kl.O 12.720.5
38.022.9 35.8%1.9*
All values are means+SD +p
