This article was downloaded by: [198.91.36.79] On: 28 February 2015, At: 04:36 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rhpb20
Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) a
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C. Kelleher , A. Hickey , R. Conroy & F. Doyle
a
a
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Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Published online: 15 Jul 2014.
To cite this article: C. Kelleher, A. Hickey, R. Conroy & F. Doyle (2014) Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal, 2:1, 785-797, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2014.929006 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.929006
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Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine, 2014 Vol. 2, No. 1, 785–797, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.929006
Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) C. Kelleher*, A. Hickey, R. Conroy and F. Doyle Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Downloaded by [198.91.36.79] at 04:36 28 February 2015
(Received 20 November 2013; accepted 5 April 2014) Background. Depression is an increasing problem in older adults, which is exacerbated by under diagnosis and ineffective treatment options. Broadly speaking, as people age, their levels of regular physical activity (PA) decrease, while their experience of chronic pain increases. PA has been shown to be an effective, yet under-utilised, treatment for depression in this age-cohort although the influence of pain on the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms has not been considered. Methods. Secondary analysis of national data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA, 2011) (n = 8163 participants aged 50 years and older) examined the mediating or moderating role of pain in the relationship between depressive symptoms and PA, and the impact of PA, pain and depressive symptoms on health-care utilisation. Results. Approximately 8.5% TILDA older adults were depressed. No mediating or moderating effects of pain were found in the association between PA and depressive symptoms. Higher levels of PA were found to be independently associated with lower depressive symptoms, while higher levels of pain significantly increased the likelihood of depressive symptoms supporting previous findings. Depressive symptoms and higher levels of pain were also found to significantly increase health-care utilisation. Conclusions. Consistent with previous findings in this field, both PA and pain were found to be independently associated with depressive symptoms in Irish older adults. Furthermore, pain does not play a mediating or moderating role in the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. Continued support for ongoing initiatives in this area aimed at increasing PA in older adults as a means to improve both physical and mental well-being is advised. The absence of any synergistic effect between PA and pain suggests that clinicians and health service providers should continue to promote PA as a treatment for depression, irrespective of the pain levels of their patients. Keywords: depressive symptoms; mediation; moderation; older adults; pain; physical activity
Introduction By 2020, depression is projected to be the second leading cause of disease burden worldwide (Chapman & Perry, 2008). While estimates of depression rates largely focus on younger adults (i.e.
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rhpb20
Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) a
a
a
C. Kelleher , A. Hickey , R. Conroy & F. Doyle
a
a
Click for updates
Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Published online: 15 Jul 2014.
To cite this article: C. Kelleher, A. Hickey, R. Conroy & F. Doyle (2014) Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal, 2:1, 785-797, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2014.929006 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.929006
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Versions of published Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open articles and Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open Select articles posted to institutional or subject repositories or any other third-party website are without warranty from Taylor & Francis of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Any opinions and views expressed in this article are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor & Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/termsand-conditions
Downloaded by [198.91.36.79] at 04:36 28 February 2015
It is essential that you check the license status of any given Open and Open Select article to confirm conditions of access and use.
Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine, 2014 Vol. 2, No. 1, 785–797, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.929006
Does pain mediate or moderate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older people? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) C. Kelleher*, A. Hickey, R. Conroy and F. Doyle Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Downloaded by [198.91.36.79] at 04:36 28 February 2015
(Received 20 November 2013; accepted 5 April 2014) Background. Depression is an increasing problem in older adults, which is exacerbated by under diagnosis and ineffective treatment options. Broadly speaking, as people age, their levels of regular physical activity (PA) decrease, while their experience of chronic pain increases. PA has been shown to be an effective, yet under-utilised, treatment for depression in this age-cohort although the influence of pain on the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms has not been considered. Methods. Secondary analysis of national data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA, 2011) (n = 8163 participants aged 50 years and older) examined the mediating or moderating role of pain in the relationship between depressive symptoms and PA, and the impact of PA, pain and depressive symptoms on health-care utilisation. Results. Approximately 8.5% TILDA older adults were depressed. No mediating or moderating effects of pain were found in the association between PA and depressive symptoms. Higher levels of PA were found to be independently associated with lower depressive symptoms, while higher levels of pain significantly increased the likelihood of depressive symptoms supporting previous findings. Depressive symptoms and higher levels of pain were also found to significantly increase health-care utilisation. Conclusions. Consistent with previous findings in this field, both PA and pain were found to be independently associated with depressive symptoms in Irish older adults. Furthermore, pain does not play a mediating or moderating role in the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. Continued support for ongoing initiatives in this area aimed at increasing PA in older adults as a means to improve both physical and mental well-being is advised. The absence of any synergistic effect between PA and pain suggests that clinicians and health service providers should continue to promote PA as a treatment for depression, irrespective of the pain levels of their patients. Keywords: depressive symptoms; mediation; moderation; older adults; pain; physical activity
Introduction By 2020, depression is projected to be the second leading cause of disease burden worldwide (Chapman & Perry, 2008). While estimates of depression rates largely focus on younger adults (i.e.
