Tropical Doctor, April I977
MALARIA CONTROL BY INDOOR SPRAY.ING OF RESIDUAL INSECTICIDES
Ross, C. A. P. (1936). Insecticide as a major measure in control of malaria, being an account of the methods and organization put in force in Natal and Zululand during the past six years, L. NNS., 5, 114. Soper, F. L. (1949). Species sanitation and species eradication for the control of mosquito-borne diseases, Boyd's "Malariology", Philadelphia and London, 2, 1167. Thomson, R. C. M. (1947a). Recent knowledge about malaria vectors in West Africa, Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg.,40,51!. Thomson, R. C. M. (1947b). The effects of house-spraying with pyrethrum and with DDT on Anopheles gambiae and A. melas in West Africa, Bull. em. Res., 38, 449. World Health Organization (1955). Technical Report Series, No. 38. World Health Organization (1957). Technical Report Series, No. 123.
I 91
World Health Organization (1961). Technical Report Series, No. 205. World Health Organization (1966). WHO Chronicle, 20, 286. World Health Organization (1971). Technical Report Series, No. 467. World Health Organization (1974a). Technical Report Series, No. 537. World Health Organization (1974b). WHO Official Records, No. 190. WHO/AFRO (1959). Malaria Yearbook, Republic of Senegal (WHO document AFRO/MAL/5, 171). WHO/AFRO (1960). Malaria Yearbook. Malaria assessment on the Central High Plateau of the Malagasy Republic, 2,351 (Mimeographed document). Zulueta, J. de (1962). The Uganda Malaria Eradication pilot project, a summary of three years' operations (WHO document AFRO/MAL/9.24).
Occasional Correspondence Dr Richardson describes an ingenious device: The widely used EMO ether anaesthetic machine rarely breaks down, but a part that tends to perish early, albeit with prolonged use, is the Oxford inflating bellows. Early replacement is sometimes difficult when it must be remembered that spare parts have to come from considerable distances. Occasionally it may prove necessary, while awaiting spare parts, to patch the bellows with sticky tape. This is often unsatisfactory. Here follows the description of an appropriate substitute made from readily available materials and used at a hospital in Tanzania. A section of car-tyre inner tube replaces the bellows, with internal metal ribs to give stability. First, dismantle the perished bellows, noting their construction. Unscrew the lower end first, then undo the nut that holds the internal spring - a mole wrench is effective; then dismantle the upper end. From a good used car-tyre inner tube, 15 em wide when flat, cut a 25 em length - where there are no punctures. Cut about 10 small notches around both ends to a depth of I ern. This helps the tube to lie flat between the plates. Glue one end of the tube to the outer side of the inner plate at the upper end of the bellows, keeping the notches 1-2 em from the edge of the plate to ensure an air-tight seal. The upper plates can then be rejoined together. Next use a tin-opener to cut the rims off three 13 em tin cans which are of the press-top type with a strong rim (e.g. Nescafe tins). If these are not available, a ring of stiff wire is adequate. Fit the three rings inside the car tube to form internal ribs. The internal spring should now be replaced and firmly secured at the upper end.
Internal rings Section of car
tyre inner tubeInternal spring
Replacement for Oxford inflating bellows of the EMO ether anaesthetic machine.
The lower end of the car tube can now be glued between the lower plates in the same manner as the upper end. Screw the two lower plates together. Taking another" piece of car tube, cut out four 7 em diameter circular patches. Cut out the centre of each patch, cutting round 8 mm from the edge, to produce four rubber rings. Having ~paced out the internal ribs, fit these bands over the new bellows between the ribs in order to hold them in place. Some rubber solution will ensure that they do not move. JAMES B. RICHARDSON
Aberdeen University Medical School Foresterhill Aberdeen, Scotland
MALARIA CONTROL BY INDOOR SPRAY.ING OF RESIDUAL INSECTICIDES
Ross, C. A. P. (1936). Insecticide as a major measure in control of malaria, being an account of the methods and organization put in force in Natal and Zululand during the past six years, L. NNS., 5, 114. Soper, F. L. (1949). Species sanitation and species eradication for the control of mosquito-borne diseases, Boyd's "Malariology", Philadelphia and London, 2, 1167. Thomson, R. C. M. (1947a). Recent knowledge about malaria vectors in West Africa, Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg.,40,51!. Thomson, R. C. M. (1947b). The effects of house-spraying with pyrethrum and with DDT on Anopheles gambiae and A. melas in West Africa, Bull. em. Res., 38, 449. World Health Organization (1955). Technical Report Series, No. 38. World Health Organization (1957). Technical Report Series, No. 123.
I 91
World Health Organization (1961). Technical Report Series, No. 205. World Health Organization (1966). WHO Chronicle, 20, 286. World Health Organization (1971). Technical Report Series, No. 467. World Health Organization (1974a). Technical Report Series, No. 537. World Health Organization (1974b). WHO Official Records, No. 190. WHO/AFRO (1959). Malaria Yearbook, Republic of Senegal (WHO document AFRO/MAL/5, 171). WHO/AFRO (1960). Malaria Yearbook. Malaria assessment on the Central High Plateau of the Malagasy Republic, 2,351 (Mimeographed document). Zulueta, J. de (1962). The Uganda Malaria Eradication pilot project, a summary of three years' operations (WHO document AFRO/MAL/9.24).
Occasional Correspondence Dr Richardson describes an ingenious device: The widely used EMO ether anaesthetic machine rarely breaks down, but a part that tends to perish early, albeit with prolonged use, is the Oxford inflating bellows. Early replacement is sometimes difficult when it must be remembered that spare parts have to come from considerable distances. Occasionally it may prove necessary, while awaiting spare parts, to patch the bellows with sticky tape. This is often unsatisfactory. Here follows the description of an appropriate substitute made from readily available materials and used at a hospital in Tanzania. A section of car-tyre inner tube replaces the bellows, with internal metal ribs to give stability. First, dismantle the perished bellows, noting their construction. Unscrew the lower end first, then undo the nut that holds the internal spring - a mole wrench is effective; then dismantle the upper end. From a good used car-tyre inner tube, 15 em wide when flat, cut a 25 em length - where there are no punctures. Cut about 10 small notches around both ends to a depth of I ern. This helps the tube to lie flat between the plates. Glue one end of the tube to the outer side of the inner plate at the upper end of the bellows, keeping the notches 1-2 em from the edge of the plate to ensure an air-tight seal. The upper plates can then be rejoined together. Next use a tin-opener to cut the rims off three 13 em tin cans which are of the press-top type with a strong rim (e.g. Nescafe tins). If these are not available, a ring of stiff wire is adequate. Fit the three rings inside the car tube to form internal ribs. The internal spring should now be replaced and firmly secured at the upper end.
Internal rings Section of car
tyre inner tubeInternal spring
Replacement for Oxford inflating bellows of the EMO ether anaesthetic machine.
The lower end of the car tube can now be glued between the lower plates in the same manner as the upper end. Screw the two lower plates together. Taking another" piece of car tube, cut out four 7 em diameter circular patches. Cut out the centre of each patch, cutting round 8 mm from the edge, to produce four rubber rings. Having ~paced out the internal ribs, fit these bands over the new bellows between the ribs in order to hold them in place. Some rubber solution will ensure that they do not move. JAMES B. RICHARDSON
Aberdeen University Medical School Foresterhill Aberdeen, Scotland
