Effect of oral contraceptive vitamin nutrition status1 Faizy
Ahrned,2
M.Sc.,
Mahtab
S. Barn/i,3
ABSTRACT
Effects
agents
M.Sc.,
of
how
Ph.D.,
estrogen
and
Leela
combination
on
Iyengar,4
type
oral
M.D.
contraceptives
on
some
biochemical parameters used for assessing vitamin nutritional status were investigated of women who had used the pill for 6 to 12 months. Another group of women was initially and then at one or more points of time within the first 6 months of Following changes were observed in women treated with oral contraceptives: 1) excretion EGOT
of activity
kynurenic acid and also an
and xanthurenic increase in in
acid following vitro stimulation
tryptophan of EGOT
of the
in a group examined treatment.
increased
load; 2) increased with added PALP; 3)
increased plasma vitamin A levels; 4) fall in erythrocyte fohate levels; 5) faIl in erythrocyte transketolase activity with no change in in vitro stimulation with TPP; and 6) fall in erythrocyte riboflavin concentration associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity and increase in in vitro stimulation with FAD. Most of these changes were observed during the first few cycles of oral contraceptive treatment. Am. J. Cliii. Nutr. 28: 606-615, 1975.
The
use
of oral
been reported of metabolic
contraceptive
agents
(OC)
to be associated with changes. Biochemical
Partial
has
a number changes
were
among
agents.
Most
been
This tion
women of
carried
who
these
out
studies,
on
of
the
indices nutritional
apparently
normal
whose
income habitual
diets
with
respect
marginal
have women.
used
for
belonging
group
in Hyderabad,
India,
been
to be
have
to many
to
reported
nutrients
been 0.05
obtained
(7).
study
on 20
young
using either Ovulen-50 mg and ethinodiol
Ovral,
(ethinyl
estradiol
gestrel
0.5
for
women
(ethinyl diacetate 0.05 mg,
pared with apparently OC. 606
6-12
those obtained healthy women
TheAmerican
months
who
had
estradiol 1 mg) or and Norwere
com-
on a similar group of who had never used
Journal
of
women in India,
served
as
her
own
were from low-middle with monthly income
Clinical
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/28/6/606/4716351 by University of Glasgow user on 29 July 2018
and methods
Materials Blood between
samples were collected in the morning days 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle, when the women came to take the pills for use during the following month. Most of them had taken just a cup of tea or coffee (sometimes a light breakfast) at least 2 hours prior to the time of blcod collection. Ten-milliblood
samples
and examined hemoglobin and
From
were
for
collected
the
the
National
Council of Medical bad-500007, India.
Institute
Research,
2 Research Assistant. 4Assistant Director.
Nutrition
in heparinized
following
packed cell volume; activity (EC 2.2.1.1.)-ETK
transketohase I
mg)
of these families
woman
medication.
liter
Data
each
the
Experimental Cross-sectional
group,
than Rs. 500. They were 20-35 years old and had one to three children. None of these women had an immediate history of illness or
in
women
women
less
the
status,
healthy
examined
control. Most income
the effects of combinaoral contraceptives on
vitamin
of
low-middle
however,
biochemical
evaluation
this
contraceptive
well-nourished
report deals with type low estrogen
some
use
apparently
before they started on a contraceptive pill (Ovulen-50 or Ovral) and then at one or more points of time within the first 6 months of starting on the OC. Thus in
suggestive of altered nutritional status with regard to several vitamins such as pyridoxine (1), folic acid (1, 2), ascorbic acid (3, 4), vitamin B12 (5), and vitamin A (6) have been reported
study
follow-up
Twenty-three
28: JUNE
1975,
of
and Nutrition,
Jamai-Osmania, 3Assistant
pp. 606-615.
tubes
parameters: 2) erythrocyte
Printed
1)
its
in
Indian
HyderaDirector.
in U.S.A.
ORAL vitro
stimulation
effect
(8);
4)
with
thiamin
3) erythrocyte
erythrocyte
and
ON
VITAMIN
pyrophosphate-TPP
riboflavin
glutathione
l.6.4.2.)-EGR
CONTRACEPTIVES
ing
concentration
reductase
(9);
activity
its
in vitro stimulation FAD-FAD effect (10); 5) erythrocyte amino transferase activity (EC 2.6.1.h.)-EGOT
(EC
with aspartate and its
cycle
of
taking Rose that
metabolism
The data the partial Tables 1-6. The
the
cross-sectional
follow-up
pyridoxine
starting tryptophan
OC
study
study status
are
of the
seemed adequate, load test as well stimulation increase
with in the
of kynurenic
acid
xanthurenic
TABLE
women
PALP urinary
Despite EGOT
Rose
in
a
elevate
of
OC,
significant
increase b).
Similar
made by My However, while
et
al. (17)
the of
the earlier in enzyme OC, in the
change taking
in enzyme activthe first month.
this difference association of
is not riboflavin
clear. defi-
women may be a causative rise in EGOT activity, since in humans has been shown
EGOT
activity
(19).
In
previous
1
Effect of oral contraceptives
on tryptophan
metabolism
a) Cross-sectional study Control Parameter Xanthurenic
mohes/8 Kynurenic imohes/8 P
Ahrned,2
M.Sc.,
Mahtab
S. Barn/i,3
ABSTRACT
Effects
agents
M.Sc.,
of
how
Ph.D.,
estrogen
and
Leela
combination
on
Iyengar,4
type
oral
M.D.
contraceptives
on
some
biochemical parameters used for assessing vitamin nutritional status were investigated of women who had used the pill for 6 to 12 months. Another group of women was initially and then at one or more points of time within the first 6 months of Following changes were observed in women treated with oral contraceptives: 1) excretion EGOT
of activity
kynurenic acid and also an
and xanthurenic increase in in
acid following vitro stimulation
tryptophan of EGOT
of the
in a group examined treatment.
increased
load; 2) increased with added PALP; 3)
increased plasma vitamin A levels; 4) fall in erythrocyte fohate levels; 5) faIl in erythrocyte transketolase activity with no change in in vitro stimulation with TPP; and 6) fall in erythrocyte riboflavin concentration associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity and increase in in vitro stimulation with FAD. Most of these changes were observed during the first few cycles of oral contraceptive treatment. Am. J. Cliii. Nutr. 28: 606-615, 1975.
The
use
of oral
been reported of metabolic
contraceptive
agents
(OC)
to be associated with changes. Biochemical
Partial
has
a number changes
were
among
agents.
Most
been
This tion
women of
carried
who
these
out
studies,
on
of
the
indices nutritional
apparently
normal
whose
income habitual
diets
with
respect
marginal
have women.
used
for
belonging
group
in Hyderabad,
India,
been
to be
have
to many
to
reported
nutrients
been 0.05
obtained
(7).
study
on 20
young
using either Ovulen-50 mg and ethinodiol
Ovral,
(ethinyl
estradiol
gestrel
0.5
for
women
(ethinyl diacetate 0.05 mg,
pared with apparently OC. 606
6-12
those obtained healthy women
TheAmerican
months
who
had
estradiol 1 mg) or and Norwere
com-
on a similar group of who had never used
Journal
of
women in India,
served
as
her
own
were from low-middle with monthly income
Clinical
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/28/6/606/4716351 by University of Glasgow user on 29 July 2018
and methods
Materials Blood between
samples were collected in the morning days 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle, when the women came to take the pills for use during the following month. Most of them had taken just a cup of tea or coffee (sometimes a light breakfast) at least 2 hours prior to the time of blcod collection. Ten-milliblood
samples
and examined hemoglobin and
From
were
for
collected
the
the
National
Council of Medical bad-500007, India.
Institute
Research,
2 Research Assistant. 4Assistant Director.
Nutrition
in heparinized
following
packed cell volume; activity (EC 2.2.1.1.)-ETK
transketohase I
mg)
of these families
woman
medication.
liter
Data
each
the
Experimental Cross-sectional
group,
than Rs. 500. They were 20-35 years old and had one to three children. None of these women had an immediate history of illness or
in
women
women
less
the
status,
healthy
examined
control. Most income
the effects of combinaoral contraceptives on
vitamin
of
low-middle
however,
biochemical
evaluation
this
contraceptive
well-nourished
report deals with type low estrogen
some
use
apparently
before they started on a contraceptive pill (Ovulen-50 or Ovral) and then at one or more points of time within the first 6 months of starting on the OC. Thus in
suggestive of altered nutritional status with regard to several vitamins such as pyridoxine (1), folic acid (1, 2), ascorbic acid (3, 4), vitamin B12 (5), and vitamin A (6) have been reported
study
follow-up
Twenty-three
28: JUNE
1975,
of
and Nutrition,
Jamai-Osmania, 3Assistant
pp. 606-615.
tubes
parameters: 2) erythrocyte
Printed
1)
its
in
Indian
HyderaDirector.
in U.S.A.
ORAL vitro
stimulation
effect
(8);
4)
with
thiamin
3) erythrocyte
erythrocyte
and
ON
VITAMIN
pyrophosphate-TPP
riboflavin
glutathione
l.6.4.2.)-EGR
CONTRACEPTIVES
ing
concentration
reductase
(9);
activity
its
in vitro stimulation FAD-FAD effect (10); 5) erythrocyte amino transferase activity (EC 2.6.1.h.)-EGOT
(EC
with aspartate and its
cycle
of
taking Rose that
metabolism
The data the partial Tables 1-6. The
the
cross-sectional
follow-up
pyridoxine
starting tryptophan
OC
study
study status
are
of the
seemed adequate, load test as well stimulation increase
with in the
of kynurenic
acid
xanthurenic
TABLE
women
PALP urinary
Despite EGOT
Rose
in
a
elevate
of
OC,
significant
increase b).
Similar
made by My However, while
et
al. (17)
the of
the earlier in enzyme OC, in the
change taking
in enzyme activthe first month.
this difference association of
is not riboflavin
clear. defi-
women may be a causative rise in EGOT activity, since in humans has been shown
EGOT
activity
(19).
In
previous
1
Effect of oral contraceptives
on tryptophan
metabolism
a) Cross-sectional study Control Parameter Xanthurenic
mohes/8 Kynurenic imohes/8 P
