Effects of Different Types of Physical Activity on the Cognitive Functions and Attention in Older People: A Randomised Controlled Study Enzo Iuliano, Alessandra di Cagno, Giovanna Aquino, Giovanni Fiorilli, Pasquale Mignogna, Giuseppe Calcagno, Alfonso Di Costanzo PII: DOI: Reference:
S0531-5565(15)30016-4 doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.008 EXG 9662
To appear in:
Experimental Gerontology
Received date: Revised date: Accepted date:
1 April 2015 18 June 2015 10 July 2015
Please cite this article as: Iuliano, Enzo, di Cagno, Alessandra, Aquino, Giovanna, Fiorilli, Giovanni, Mignogna, Pasquale, Calcagno, Giuseppe, Di Costanzo, Alfonso, Effects of Different Types of Physical Activity on the Cognitive Functions and Attention in Older People: A Randomised Controlled Study, Experimental Gerontology (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.008
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Effects of Different Types of Physical Activity on the Cognitive Functions and Attention
T
in Older People: A Randomised Controlled Study
a
SC R
Mignognac, Giuseppe Calcagnoa, Alfonso Di Costanzoc.
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1,
NU
86100 Campobasso, Italy
Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, P.zza Lauro de Bosis 15,
MA
b
00198 Rome, Italy c
IP
Enzo Iulianoa, Alessandra di Cagnob, Giovanna Aquinoa, Giovanni Fiorillia, Pasquale
Center for Research and Training in Aging Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health
TE
D
Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
CE P
Authors’ e-mail address: Enzo Iuliano: [email protected]; Alessandra di Cagno: [email protected]; Giovanna Aquino: [email protected]; Giovanni
AC
Fiorilli: [email protected]; Pasquale Mignogna: [email protected]; Giuseppe Calcagno: [email protected]; Alfonso Di Costanzo: [email protected].
Corresponding author: Enzo Iuliano, Ph.D. Address: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; Mail: [email protected]; Phone: +393403652054; Fax: +39 0874404763.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of exercise on cognition. Eighty
T
participants, 32 males and 48 females, aged 66.96 ± 11.73, volunteered for this study. The
IP
participants were randomly divided into the four following groups: Resistance Group (RG; n
SC R
= 20), involved in high intensity strength training; Cardiovascular Group (CVG; n = 20), involved in high intensity cardiovascular training; Postural Group (PG; n = 20) involved in low intensity training, based on postural and balance exercises; and Control Group (CG; n =
NU
20). Exercises were performed over the course of 12 weeks. All participants were tested for their cognitive functions pre- and post-intervention using the following neurocognitive tests:
MA
the Attentive Matrices Test, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Stroop Color and Word Interference Test, Trail Making Test and Drawing Copy Test. Statistical analysis showed that
TE
D
the CVG group improved significantly in the Attentive Matrices Test and Raven’s Progressive Matrices (both p = 130 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 150 mg/dL (Lichtenstein et al., 2006); history of ictus, stroke or other cardiopulmonary disease; and moderate or severe obesity that was body mass index
S0531-5565(15)30016-4 doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.008 EXG 9662
To appear in:
Experimental Gerontology
Received date: Revised date: Accepted date:
1 April 2015 18 June 2015 10 July 2015
Please cite this article as: Iuliano, Enzo, di Cagno, Alessandra, Aquino, Giovanna, Fiorilli, Giovanni, Mignogna, Pasquale, Calcagno, Giuseppe, Di Costanzo, Alfonso, Effects of Different Types of Physical Activity on the Cognitive Functions and Attention in Older People: A Randomised Controlled Study, Experimental Gerontology (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.008
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Effects of Different Types of Physical Activity on the Cognitive Functions and Attention
T
in Older People: A Randomised Controlled Study
a
SC R
Mignognac, Giuseppe Calcagnoa, Alfonso Di Costanzoc.
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1,
NU
86100 Campobasso, Italy
Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, P.zza Lauro de Bosis 15,
MA
b
00198 Rome, Italy c
IP
Enzo Iulianoa, Alessandra di Cagnob, Giovanna Aquinoa, Giovanni Fiorillia, Pasquale
Center for Research and Training in Aging Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health
TE
D
Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
CE P
Authors’ e-mail address: Enzo Iuliano: [email protected]; Alessandra di Cagno: [email protected]; Giovanna Aquino: [email protected]; Giovanni
AC
Fiorilli: [email protected]; Pasquale Mignogna: [email protected]; Giuseppe Calcagno: [email protected]; Alfonso Di Costanzo: [email protected].
Corresponding author: Enzo Iuliano, Ph.D. Address: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; Mail: [email protected]; Phone: +393403652054; Fax: +39 0874404763.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of exercise on cognition. Eighty
T
participants, 32 males and 48 females, aged 66.96 ± 11.73, volunteered for this study. The
IP
participants were randomly divided into the four following groups: Resistance Group (RG; n
SC R
= 20), involved in high intensity strength training; Cardiovascular Group (CVG; n = 20), involved in high intensity cardiovascular training; Postural Group (PG; n = 20) involved in low intensity training, based on postural and balance exercises; and Control Group (CG; n =
NU
20). Exercises were performed over the course of 12 weeks. All participants were tested for their cognitive functions pre- and post-intervention using the following neurocognitive tests:
MA
the Attentive Matrices Test, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Stroop Color and Word Interference Test, Trail Making Test and Drawing Copy Test. Statistical analysis showed that
TE
D
the CVG group improved significantly in the Attentive Matrices Test and Raven’s Progressive Matrices (both p = 130 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 150 mg/dL (Lichtenstein et al., 2006); history of ictus, stroke or other cardiopulmonary disease; and moderate or severe obesity that was body mass index
