Aquatic Toxicology 161 (2015) 176–188
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Aquatic Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aquatox
Effects of Pb plus Cd mixtures on toxicity, and internal electrolyte and osmotic balance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yvonne H. Clemow, Michael P. Wilkie ∗ Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
a r t i c l e
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Article history: Received 29 August 2014 Received in revised form 24 December 2014 Accepted 31 January 2015 Available online 2 February 2015 Keywords: Ca2+ -ATPase Biotic ligand model Concentration addition model Ecological risk assessment Epithelial Ca2+ channel Gill Metal mixture Na+ /K+ -ATPase Response addition model Toxic unit Na+ flux
a b s t r a c t The physiological and toxicological effects of Cd and Pb have been thoroughly studied, but relatively little work has been done to determine how mixtures of these metals affect fishes in soft (
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Aquatic Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aquatox
Effects of Pb plus Cd mixtures on toxicity, and internal electrolyte and osmotic balance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yvonne H. Clemow, Michael P. Wilkie ∗ Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 29 August 2014 Received in revised form 24 December 2014 Accepted 31 January 2015 Available online 2 February 2015 Keywords: Ca2+ -ATPase Biotic ligand model Concentration addition model Ecological risk assessment Epithelial Ca2+ channel Gill Metal mixture Na+ /K+ -ATPase Response addition model Toxic unit Na+ flux
a b s t r a c t The physiological and toxicological effects of Cd and Pb have been thoroughly studied, but relatively little work has been done to determine how mixtures of these metals affect fishes in soft (
