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Communication
Experimental characterization of the nanoparticle size effect on the mechanical stability of nanoparticle-based coatings Wajdi Heni, Laurent Vonna, and Hamidou Haidara Nano Lett., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/nl503768r • Publication Date (Web): 15 Dec 2014 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on December 17, 2014
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
Nano Letters is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
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Nano Letters
Experimental characterization of the nanoparticle size effect on the mechanical stability of nanoparticle-based coatings Wajdi HENI, Laurent VONNA*, Hamidou HAIDARA Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) CNRS - UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky BP2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France *Corresponding author: [email protected]
We present an experimental investigation of the mechanical stability of silica nanoparticle-based coatings as a function of the size of the nanoparticles. The coatings are built following a layer-by-layer procedure, alternating positive and negative surface charges. The mechanical stability of the multilayers is studied in water, on the basis of an ultrasonic cavitation test. The resistance of the coating to cavitation is found to remarkably increase with decreasing the size of the nanoparticles, indicating an increase of the cohesive energy density. The relative contribution of van der Waals and electrical double-layer interactions to the stability of the multilayer is discussed toward their size dependence.
Keywords: Nanoparticle, Nanoparticle-based coating, Nanoparticle assembly, Cohesion energy density, Cavitation, ultrasonic cavitation test
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Thin films of nanoparticles (NPs) show functional properties that make them useful for numerous applications including sensing, electronics or optics.1–3 While an increasing number of applications are proposed in literature, the poor mechanical stability of these systems remains a major drawback for their industrial use. The weak adhesive interactions between the NPs and between the NPs and the substrate lead indeed to fragile coatings that may loss their functionalities upon friction or scratch for example. Additionally, failure of the coating might lead to release and dissemination of NPs in the environment which constitutes a major public health and environmental issue. Different approaches were proposed to improve the mechanical stability of nanoparticle-based coatings such as calcination or hydrothermal treatments,4,5 atomic layer deposition6 and covalent chemical bonding.7 Besides such post-treatments, the size of the NP is an intrinsic parameter which strongly impacts the cohesion of the nanoparticle-based coating. For particles that only interact through van der Waals interactions, the interaction potential UvdW between two particles is expected to follow:8
U vdW = −
(d + 2 R )2 − 4 R 2 A 4R² 4R 2 2 ln + + (d + 2 R )2 12 (d + 2 R )2 − 4 R 2 (d + 2 R )2
(1)
with A the Hamaker constant corresponding to the interaction between two identical materials through the appropriate medium, R the radius of the NPs, and d the distance between the two particles. This expression can be simplified for interparticle distances smaller than the particle radius (d/R
Communication
Experimental characterization of the nanoparticle size effect on the mechanical stability of nanoparticle-based coatings Wajdi Heni, Laurent Vonna, and Hamidou Haidara Nano Lett., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/nl503768r • Publication Date (Web): 15 Dec 2014 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on December 17, 2014
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
Nano Letters is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
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Nano Letters
Experimental characterization of the nanoparticle size effect on the mechanical stability of nanoparticle-based coatings Wajdi HENI, Laurent VONNA*, Hamidou HAIDARA Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) CNRS - UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky BP2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France *Corresponding author: [email protected]
We present an experimental investigation of the mechanical stability of silica nanoparticle-based coatings as a function of the size of the nanoparticles. The coatings are built following a layer-by-layer procedure, alternating positive and negative surface charges. The mechanical stability of the multilayers is studied in water, on the basis of an ultrasonic cavitation test. The resistance of the coating to cavitation is found to remarkably increase with decreasing the size of the nanoparticles, indicating an increase of the cohesive energy density. The relative contribution of van der Waals and electrical double-layer interactions to the stability of the multilayer is discussed toward their size dependence.
Keywords: Nanoparticle, Nanoparticle-based coating, Nanoparticle assembly, Cohesion energy density, Cavitation, ultrasonic cavitation test
1 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Nano Letters
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Thin films of nanoparticles (NPs) show functional properties that make them useful for numerous applications including sensing, electronics or optics.1–3 While an increasing number of applications are proposed in literature, the poor mechanical stability of these systems remains a major drawback for their industrial use. The weak adhesive interactions between the NPs and between the NPs and the substrate lead indeed to fragile coatings that may loss their functionalities upon friction or scratch for example. Additionally, failure of the coating might lead to release and dissemination of NPs in the environment which constitutes a major public health and environmental issue. Different approaches were proposed to improve the mechanical stability of nanoparticle-based coatings such as calcination or hydrothermal treatments,4,5 atomic layer deposition6 and covalent chemical bonding.7 Besides such post-treatments, the size of the NP is an intrinsic parameter which strongly impacts the cohesion of the nanoparticle-based coating. For particles that only interact through van der Waals interactions, the interaction potential UvdW between two particles is expected to follow:8
U vdW = −
(d + 2 R )2 − 4 R 2 A 4R² 4R 2 2 ln + + (d + 2 R )2 12 (d + 2 R )2 − 4 R 2 (d + 2 R )2
(1)
with A the Hamaker constant corresponding to the interaction between two identical materials through the appropriate medium, R the radius of the NPs, and d the distance between the two particles. This expression can be simplified for interparticle distances smaller than the particle radius (d/R
