Adv. Cardiol., vol. 19, pp. 153-155 (Karger, Basel 1977)
Frank Electrocardiogram in Normal Women D. MCCAUGHAN, M. NAMATI, J. DOYLE, R. DUNN and H.V. PIPBERGER
Significant differences in QRS and T measurements in both conventional 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and in vectorcardiography (VCG) have been reported. Age, race and constitutional variables, such as height and weight, have also been reported to significantly affect the VCG. The use of digital computers for ECG analysis has allowed the use of complex multivariate classification techniques which have significantly improved ECG diagnostic classification. However, large samples are required as 'training sets' in this method. The present study was undertaken to build a core sample of a large normal adult female population, including all age groups over 18 years, and black and white races and to compare the VCG of women with a similar normal male population already reported. Records from 450 'normal' female subjects were analyzed by digital computer. Subjects with heart rates outside the range of 60-100 beats per minute or with ECG evidence of ventricular conduction defects (QRS>0.123 sec) were excluded. Frank's lead system was used, and recorded on frequency modulation (FM) tape. Methods of data acquisition and details of the computational procedures used have been described previously. The major results are shown in tableI. Most of these data are selfexplanatory. Two sets of values are given'for each item. On the upper line are the mean with their standard deviations; below this are shown the 96-percentile range. The results reveal that there js significant difference between the electrocardiograms of men and women. One of the major differences is the voltages of the QRS and T. The duration of the QRS is also significantly
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Veterans Administration Hospitals, West Roxbury, Mass., and Washington, D.C., Harvard University, Boston, Mass., George Washington University, Washington, D.C., and the University of Albany, Albany, N.Y.
154
MCCAUGHAN/NAMATI/DOYLE/DuNN/PIPBERGER
Table I. Item amplitude, mV P negative amplitude Q amplitude
P
R amplitude S amplitude
T amplitude Q/R amplitude
R/S amplitude
Rx
+ Rz
Q duration msec R duration msec S duration msec R peak time
Z
Y
X
0.05± 0.02 (0.02 ->- 0.09)
0.09 ± 0.04 (0.02 ->- 0.17)
-0.08± 0.05 (-0.22 ->- 0 ) (#237) 0.94± 0.35 0.35 ->- 1.75 -0.17± 0.11 -0.47--+ 0.01 (319) 0.22± 0.10 0.05-+ 0.44 0.07± 0.04 0 -+ 0.18 (#237) 11.0 ± 18.0 1.12 ->-71.7 (319) 1.61± 0.42 0.87 ->- 2.52 16 ± 3 10 ->-24 45 ±12 28 ->-71 28 ± 9 12 ->-48 37 ± 5 28 ->-48
-0.08 ± 0.05 -0.23 ->- 0 (#238) 0.81 ± 0.33 0.27 ->- 1.55 0.167± 0.117 - 0.516 --+ 0.01 (252) 0.15 ± 0.09 - 0.03 -+ 0.39 0.09 ± 0.06 0.01 ->- 0.22 (238) 9.24 ± 13 0.64 ->- 0.56 (252)
16 9 50 28 27 12 39 27
± 4 ->-28 ±14 ->-81 ± 9 ->-49 ± 5 ->-50
om± 0.02 (0 ->- 0.08) -0.03 ± 0.016 (-0.07->- 0 ) -0.31 ± 0.17 -0.77->- 0.07 (#446) 0.68± 0.25 0.22 ->- 1.25 -0.19± 0.17 - 0.6 ->- 0.04 (9) -0.08± 0.1 -0.31->- 0.1 0.54± 0.42 0.1 ->- 1.72 (446) 4 ± 3.3 0.69 ->-11.8 (9) 30 14 48 28 28 18 48 36
± 8 ->-47 ±10 ->-69 ± 9 ->-44 ± 6 ->-62
Downloaded by: University of Cambridge 131.111.164.128 - 2/1/2019 9:43:27 AM
The mean and standard deviation of each item is shown on the upper line. The second line indicates the limits of a 96-percentile range. Figures in parentheses show the actual number of measurements taken (e.g. Q waves in lead X were present in 237 cases only). Results not followed by a number in parentheses were obtained from the total series. All wave durations are based on the total QRS duration derived from the three leads. The earliest or last deflection in anyone of the simultaneously recorded leads indicates onset or end of this complex.
Frank Electrocardiogram in Normal Women
155
D. MCCAUGHAN, MD, Veterans Administration Hospitals, West Roxbury, Mass. (USA)
Downloaded by: University of Cambridge 131.111.164.128 - 2/1/2019 9:43:27 AM
shorter in females. Of particular interest is the shorter duration of the Q wave on the X and Y leads and the lower Q wave amplitude on these leads. The findings indicate that different standards are required for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarctions in females.
Frank Electrocardiogram in Normal Women D. MCCAUGHAN, M. NAMATI, J. DOYLE, R. DUNN and H.V. PIPBERGER
Significant differences in QRS and T measurements in both conventional 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and in vectorcardiography (VCG) have been reported. Age, race and constitutional variables, such as height and weight, have also been reported to significantly affect the VCG. The use of digital computers for ECG analysis has allowed the use of complex multivariate classification techniques which have significantly improved ECG diagnostic classification. However, large samples are required as 'training sets' in this method. The present study was undertaken to build a core sample of a large normal adult female population, including all age groups over 18 years, and black and white races and to compare the VCG of women with a similar normal male population already reported. Records from 450 'normal' female subjects were analyzed by digital computer. Subjects with heart rates outside the range of 60-100 beats per minute or with ECG evidence of ventricular conduction defects (QRS>0.123 sec) were excluded. Frank's lead system was used, and recorded on frequency modulation (FM) tape. Methods of data acquisition and details of the computational procedures used have been described previously. The major results are shown in tableI. Most of these data are selfexplanatory. Two sets of values are given'for each item. On the upper line are the mean with their standard deviations; below this are shown the 96-percentile range. The results reveal that there js significant difference between the electrocardiograms of men and women. One of the major differences is the voltages of the QRS and T. The duration of the QRS is also significantly
Downloaded by: University of Cambridge 131.111.164.128 - 2/1/2019 9:43:27 AM
Veterans Administration Hospitals, West Roxbury, Mass., and Washington, D.C., Harvard University, Boston, Mass., George Washington University, Washington, D.C., and the University of Albany, Albany, N.Y.
154
MCCAUGHAN/NAMATI/DOYLE/DuNN/PIPBERGER
Table I. Item amplitude, mV P negative amplitude Q amplitude
P
R amplitude S amplitude
T amplitude Q/R amplitude
R/S amplitude
Rx
+ Rz
Q duration msec R duration msec S duration msec R peak time
Z
Y
X
0.05± 0.02 (0.02 ->- 0.09)
0.09 ± 0.04 (0.02 ->- 0.17)
-0.08± 0.05 (-0.22 ->- 0 ) (#237) 0.94± 0.35 0.35 ->- 1.75 -0.17± 0.11 -0.47--+ 0.01 (319) 0.22± 0.10 0.05-+ 0.44 0.07± 0.04 0 -+ 0.18 (#237) 11.0 ± 18.0 1.12 ->-71.7 (319) 1.61± 0.42 0.87 ->- 2.52 16 ± 3 10 ->-24 45 ±12 28 ->-71 28 ± 9 12 ->-48 37 ± 5 28 ->-48
-0.08 ± 0.05 -0.23 ->- 0 (#238) 0.81 ± 0.33 0.27 ->- 1.55 0.167± 0.117 - 0.516 --+ 0.01 (252) 0.15 ± 0.09 - 0.03 -+ 0.39 0.09 ± 0.06 0.01 ->- 0.22 (238) 9.24 ± 13 0.64 ->- 0.56 (252)
16 9 50 28 27 12 39 27
± 4 ->-28 ±14 ->-81 ± 9 ->-49 ± 5 ->-50
om± 0.02 (0 ->- 0.08) -0.03 ± 0.016 (-0.07->- 0 ) -0.31 ± 0.17 -0.77->- 0.07 (#446) 0.68± 0.25 0.22 ->- 1.25 -0.19± 0.17 - 0.6 ->- 0.04 (9) -0.08± 0.1 -0.31->- 0.1 0.54± 0.42 0.1 ->- 1.72 (446) 4 ± 3.3 0.69 ->-11.8 (9) 30 14 48 28 28 18 48 36
± 8 ->-47 ±10 ->-69 ± 9 ->-44 ± 6 ->-62
Downloaded by: University of Cambridge 131.111.164.128 - 2/1/2019 9:43:27 AM
The mean and standard deviation of each item is shown on the upper line. The second line indicates the limits of a 96-percentile range. Figures in parentheses show the actual number of measurements taken (e.g. Q waves in lead X were present in 237 cases only). Results not followed by a number in parentheses were obtained from the total series. All wave durations are based on the total QRS duration derived from the three leads. The earliest or last deflection in anyone of the simultaneously recorded leads indicates onset or end of this complex.
Frank Electrocardiogram in Normal Women
155
D. MCCAUGHAN, MD, Veterans Administration Hospitals, West Roxbury, Mass. (USA)
Downloaded by: University of Cambridge 131.111.164.128 - 2/1/2019 9:43:27 AM
shorter in females. Of particular interest is the shorter duration of the Q wave on the X and Y leads and the lower Q wave amplitude on these leads. The findings indicate that different standards are required for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarctions in females.
