G Model
ARTICLE IN PRESS
BIOMAC 4644 1–8
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijbiomac
Fabrication of poly (l-lactic acid)/gelatin composite tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering
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K.T. Shalumon 1 , S. Deepthi 1 , M.S. Anupama, S.V. Nair, R. Jayakumar ∗ , K.P. Chennazhi ∗ Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India
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Article history: Received 12 August 2014 Received in revised form 3 September 2014 Accepted 26 September 2014 Available online xxx
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Keywords: Gelatin-PLLA tubular scaffold Vascular tissue engineering Electrospun nanofibers
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1. Introduction
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The in vitro fabrication of fully functional 3D vascular tissue construct represents one of the most fundamental challenges in vascular tissue engineering. Polymer blending is an effective method for developing, desirable bio-composites for tissue-engineering. This study employs the blending of desired characteristics of a synthetic polymer, poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and a biopolymer, gelatin for enhancing cell adhesion sites. Aligned and random PLLA/gelatin nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning technique. Morphological and chemical characterization of the nanofibrous scaffolds was carried out and the size of fibers ranged from 100 to 500 nm. The SEM, fluorescent staining and viability assays revealed an increase in viability and proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) proportional to gelatin content. The aligned fiber morphology helps cells to orient and elongate along their long axis. Thus the results were suggestive of the fact that topographically aligned nanofibrous tissue scaffolds control cellular organization and possibly provide a good support for achieving the vital organization and physical properties of blood vessel. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
The growing needs of clinically better substitute for blood vessel, especially the small diameter tubular conduits (vascular grafts
ARTICLE IN PRESS
BIOMAC 4644 1–8
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijbiomac
Fabrication of poly (l-lactic acid)/gelatin composite tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering
1
2
3 4 5
Q1
K.T. Shalumon 1 , S. Deepthi 1 , M.S. Anupama, S.V. Nair, R. Jayakumar ∗ , K.P. Chennazhi ∗ Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India
6
7 19
a r t i c l e
i n f o
a b s t r a c t
8 9 10 11 12 13
Article history: Received 12 August 2014 Received in revised form 3 September 2014 Accepted 26 September 2014 Available online xxx
14
18
Keywords: Gelatin-PLLA tubular scaffold Vascular tissue engineering Electrospun nanofibers
20
1. Introduction
15 16 17
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
The in vitro fabrication of fully functional 3D vascular tissue construct represents one of the most fundamental challenges in vascular tissue engineering. Polymer blending is an effective method for developing, desirable bio-composites for tissue-engineering. This study employs the blending of desired characteristics of a synthetic polymer, poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and a biopolymer, gelatin for enhancing cell adhesion sites. Aligned and random PLLA/gelatin nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning technique. Morphological and chemical characterization of the nanofibrous scaffolds was carried out and the size of fibers ranged from 100 to 500 nm. The SEM, fluorescent staining and viability assays revealed an increase in viability and proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) proportional to gelatin content. The aligned fiber morphology helps cells to orient and elongate along their long axis. Thus the results were suggestive of the fact that topographically aligned nanofibrous tissue scaffolds control cellular organization and possibly provide a good support for achieving the vital organization and physical properties of blood vessel. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
The growing needs of clinically better substitute for blood vessel, especially the small diameter tubular conduits (vascular grafts
