Forensic Science, 6 (1975) 89-90 @ Elsevier Sequoia S.A., Lausanne - Printed in The Netherlands
Gm(1) FACTOR
89
IN HUMAN INNER EAR FLUID
BOZENA TUROWSKA and FRANCISZEK Institute of Forensic Medicine, Academy
TRELA
of Medicine, Cracow (Poland)
SUMMARY The authors carried out factor in endolymph taken No difficulties or anomalies the endolymph or the blood
investigations on the possibility of determining the Gm(1) from human cadavers, as compared with tests of the blood. were found in the determination of Gm(1) factor either in taken from cadavers.
INTRODUCTION
The microchemical and immunological studies of the endolymph made in recent years have proved useful not only in furthering knowledge of the function of the inner ear in normal and pathological conditions but also for diagnostic purposes in laryngology [ 3,4] . In furtherance it therefore seemed of interest to solve the problem of determining the genetically conditioned characters in the labyrinthine fluid as compared with the occurrence of those genetic markers in other fluids in the organism. Positive results of determinations of group substances in the ABO/H/ system, in endolymph taken from human cadavers, encouraged us to attempt to show the presence of the Gm( 1) character of the Gm system [6]. These studies seemed useful because the IgG fraction of the immunoglobulins has been demonstrated [1,3,4] but we have found no elaborations of this subject in the literature. MATERIAL
AND METHOD
The experiment included 152 cases of human cadavers from which endolymph and blood had been taken for serological examinations. Endolymph was obtained in the manner described by Trela et al. [5] from both ears in quantities of 250-300 yl. Parallel determinations of the presence of the Cm(l) character in the endolymph and blood serum were made by the Linnet-Jepsen et al. [2] method of haemagglutination inhibition, with the exception that undiluted endolymph was used. The serum however was tested in agreement with this method in a dilution of 1:3 in physiological saline solution.
90
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
In the 152 samples of blood serum and endolymph tested, the Gm(1) factor was found to be present both in the serum and the endolymph in 51 samples i.e. 33.5% of cases. These results agree with the frequency of occurrence (33.09%) of the Gm( 1) factor in the Polish population [ 71. No difficulties or anomalies were found in the determination of this character either in the endolymph or the blood taken from cadavers. It seems to us that these observations may on occasion be of essential significance in forensic medical practice in cases in which it is impossible to obtain blood from human cadavers, e.g. in bodies in an advanced state of decomposition, partially carbonized, etc., when the determination of genetic characters would be an important element in forensic medicine.
REFERENCES 1 E. Krochmalska, WaSciwo&i biofizyczne i biochemiczne ply&w blednika, Otolaryngol. Pol., 4 (1967) 499. 2 P. Linnet-Jepsen, G. Galatius-Jensen and M. Hauge, On the inheritance of the Gm serum group, Acta Genet., 8 (1958) 164. 3 H. Silverstein, Inner ear fluid proteins in acoustic neuroma, meniere’s disease and otosclerosis, Ann. Otol. Rhino]. Laryngol., 80 (1971) 27. 4 H. Silverstein, The inner ear fluids in man, Laryngoscope, 1 (1973) 27. 5 F. Trela, Z. Marek, A. Halama and Z. Grochowska, Poziom alkoholu we krwi i przychfonce pobranych ze zwfok, Arch. Med. Sad., 1 (1974) 65. 6 F. Trela and B. Turowska, ABO/H/ group substances in human inner ear fluid, Forensic Sci., 6 (1975) 5. 7 B. Turowska and M. Trembaczewska, The haptoglobins and Gm group system in the Polish population, Acta Med. Pol., 3 (1967) 307.
Gm(1) FACTOR
89
IN HUMAN INNER EAR FLUID
BOZENA TUROWSKA and FRANCISZEK Institute of Forensic Medicine, Academy
TRELA
of Medicine, Cracow (Poland)
SUMMARY The authors carried out factor in endolymph taken No difficulties or anomalies the endolymph or the blood
investigations on the possibility of determining the Gm(1) from human cadavers, as compared with tests of the blood. were found in the determination of Gm(1) factor either in taken from cadavers.
INTRODUCTION
The microchemical and immunological studies of the endolymph made in recent years have proved useful not only in furthering knowledge of the function of the inner ear in normal and pathological conditions but also for diagnostic purposes in laryngology [ 3,4] . In furtherance it therefore seemed of interest to solve the problem of determining the genetically conditioned characters in the labyrinthine fluid as compared with the occurrence of those genetic markers in other fluids in the organism. Positive results of determinations of group substances in the ABO/H/ system, in endolymph taken from human cadavers, encouraged us to attempt to show the presence of the Gm( 1) character of the Gm system [6]. These studies seemed useful because the IgG fraction of the immunoglobulins has been demonstrated [1,3,4] but we have found no elaborations of this subject in the literature. MATERIAL
AND METHOD
The experiment included 152 cases of human cadavers from which endolymph and blood had been taken for serological examinations. Endolymph was obtained in the manner described by Trela et al. [5] from both ears in quantities of 250-300 yl. Parallel determinations of the presence of the Cm(l) character in the endolymph and blood serum were made by the Linnet-Jepsen et al. [2] method of haemagglutination inhibition, with the exception that undiluted endolymph was used. The serum however was tested in agreement with this method in a dilution of 1:3 in physiological saline solution.
90
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
In the 152 samples of blood serum and endolymph tested, the Gm(1) factor was found to be present both in the serum and the endolymph in 51 samples i.e. 33.5% of cases. These results agree with the frequency of occurrence (33.09%) of the Gm( 1) factor in the Polish population [ 71. No difficulties or anomalies were found in the determination of this character either in the endolymph or the blood taken from cadavers. It seems to us that these observations may on occasion be of essential significance in forensic medical practice in cases in which it is impossible to obtain blood from human cadavers, e.g. in bodies in an advanced state of decomposition, partially carbonized, etc., when the determination of genetic characters would be an important element in forensic medicine.
REFERENCES 1 E. Krochmalska, WaSciwo&i biofizyczne i biochemiczne ply&w blednika, Otolaryngol. Pol., 4 (1967) 499. 2 P. Linnet-Jepsen, G. Galatius-Jensen and M. Hauge, On the inheritance of the Gm serum group, Acta Genet., 8 (1958) 164. 3 H. Silverstein, Inner ear fluid proteins in acoustic neuroma, meniere’s disease and otosclerosis, Ann. Otol. Rhino]. Laryngol., 80 (1971) 27. 4 H. Silverstein, The inner ear fluids in man, Laryngoscope, 1 (1973) 27. 5 F. Trela, Z. Marek, A. Halama and Z. Grochowska, Poziom alkoholu we krwi i przychfonce pobranych ze zwfok, Arch. Med. Sad., 1 (1974) 65. 6 F. Trela and B. Turowska, ABO/H/ group substances in human inner ear fluid, Forensic Sci., 6 (1975) 5. 7 B. Turowska and M. Trembaczewska, The haptoglobins and Gm group system in the Polish population, Acta Med. Pol., 3 (1967) 307.
