RESEARCH ARTICLE
Histopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of sex hormone receptors in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of immunohistochemical studies Hiroki Ide1,2, Satoshi Inoue1,2,3,4, Hiroshi Miyamoto1,2,3,4,5*
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1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America, 4 The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America, 5 Department Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America * [email protected]
Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ide H, Inoue S, Miyamoto H (2017) Histopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of sex hormone receptors in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of immunohistochemical studies. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174746. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0174746 Editor: Francisco X. Real, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, SPAIN
Objective Emerging preclinical evidence suggests the involvement of sex hormones and their receptor signals in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Meanwhile, previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results on the relationship between the status of sex hormone receptors in urothelial tumors and histopathological characteristics of the tumors or patient outcomes. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to assess the clinicopathological impact of the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in bladder cancer.
Received: December 28, 2016
Methods
Accepted: March 14, 2017
A comprehensive literature search in databases (i.e. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane) was performed for all immunohistochemical studies stained for AR, ERα, and/or ERβ in surgically resected bladder cancer specimens and analyzed for patient outcomes. We selected eligible studies in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and analyzed data using R software.
Published: March 31, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Ide et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Results A total of 2,049 patients from 13 retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. The difference in ERα expression between non-tumors and tumors was significant [odds ratio (OR) = 0.412; P
Histopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of sex hormone receptors in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of immunohistochemical studies Hiroki Ide1,2, Satoshi Inoue1,2,3,4, Hiroshi Miyamoto1,2,3,4,5*
a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111
1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America, 4 The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America, 5 Department Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America * [email protected]
Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ide H, Inoue S, Miyamoto H (2017) Histopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of sex hormone receptors in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of immunohistochemical studies. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174746. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0174746 Editor: Francisco X. Real, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, SPAIN
Objective Emerging preclinical evidence suggests the involvement of sex hormones and their receptor signals in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Meanwhile, previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results on the relationship between the status of sex hormone receptors in urothelial tumors and histopathological characteristics of the tumors or patient outcomes. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to assess the clinicopathological impact of the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in bladder cancer.
Received: December 28, 2016
Methods
Accepted: March 14, 2017
A comprehensive literature search in databases (i.e. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane) was performed for all immunohistochemical studies stained for AR, ERα, and/or ERβ in surgically resected bladder cancer specimens and analyzed for patient outcomes. We selected eligible studies in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and analyzed data using R software.
Published: March 31, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Ide et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Results A total of 2,049 patients from 13 retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. The difference in ERα expression between non-tumors and tumors was significant [odds ratio (OR) = 0.412; P
