HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 August 15. Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 August 15; 72(5): 558–564. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001011.
Trends in HIV-related Stigma in the General Population During the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment Expansion: An Analysis of 31 Sub-Saharan African Countries Brian T. CHANa,b,* and Alexander C. TSAIb,c,d
Author Manuscript
aBrigham
and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA bHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA dMbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
cMassachusetts
Abstract Background—HIV-related stigma is associated with increased risk-taking behavior, reduced uptake of HIV testing, and decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although ART scale-up may reduce HIV-related stigma, the extent to which levels of stigma in the general population have changed during the era of ART scale-up in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.
Author Manuscript
Methods—Social distance and anticipated stigma were operationalized using standard HIVrelated stigma questions contained in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and AIDS Indicator Surveys (AIS) of 31 African countries between 2003–2013. We fitted multivariable linear regression models with cluster-correlated robust standard errors and country fixed effects, specifying social distance or anticipated stigma as the dependent variable and year as the primary explanatory variable of interest. Results—We estimated a statistically significant negative association between year and desires for social distance (b=−0.020; p
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 August 15. Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 August 15; 72(5): 558–564. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001011.
Trends in HIV-related Stigma in the General Population During the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment Expansion: An Analysis of 31 Sub-Saharan African Countries Brian T. CHANa,b,* and Alexander C. TSAIb,c,d
Author Manuscript
aBrigham
and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA bHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA dMbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
cMassachusetts
Abstract Background—HIV-related stigma is associated with increased risk-taking behavior, reduced uptake of HIV testing, and decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although ART scale-up may reduce HIV-related stigma, the extent to which levels of stigma in the general population have changed during the era of ART scale-up in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.
Author Manuscript
Methods—Social distance and anticipated stigma were operationalized using standard HIVrelated stigma questions contained in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and AIDS Indicator Surveys (AIS) of 31 African countries between 2003–2013. We fitted multivariable linear regression models with cluster-correlated robust standard errors and country fixed effects, specifying social distance or anticipated stigma as the dependent variable and year as the primary explanatory variable of interest. Results—We estimated a statistically significant negative association between year and desires for social distance (b=−0.020; p
