Accepted Manuscript How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy? Dirk-Wouter Smits, PT PhD Jan Willem Gorter, MD PhD Petra EM. van Schie, PT PhD Annet J. Dallmeijer, PhD Marjolijn Ketelaar, PhD PII:
S0003-9993(14)00329-3
DOI:
10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.013
Reference:
YAPMR 55817
To appear in:
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Received Date: 30 October 2013 Revised Date:
21 March 2014
Accepted Date: 1 April 2014
Please cite this article as: Smits D-W, Gorter JW, van Schie PE, Dallmeijer AJ, Ketelaar M, , How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy?, ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.013. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT TITLE PAGE DOCUMENT
RUNNING HEAD
RI PT
Changes in capacity, capability & performance
TITLE
How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children and
SC
adolescents with cerebral palsy?
M AN U
AUTHORS
Dirk-Wouter Smits PT PhD1,2, Jan Willem Gorter MD PhD2,3, Petra EM van Schie PT PhD4, Annet J Dallmeijer PhD4, Marjolijn Ketelaar PhD1,2 on behalf of the PERRIN+ study group
1 Brain
Center Rudolf Magnus and Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center
2 Partner
TE D
Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
of NetChild, Network for Childhood Disability Research in The Netherlands
3 CanChild
Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
4 Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center,
AC C
Acknowledgement:
EP
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
The PERRIN+ study group includes: A.J. Dallmeijer, R.C. Vos, M. van Eck, P.E.M van Schie, J.M. Voorman, J.G. Becher, (VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam); C. Schuengel (VU University, Amsterdam); M. Ketelaar, D.W. Smits, E. Lindeman† (University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht); M.J Jongmans (Utrecht University); M.E. Roebroeck, S.S. Tan, D.J.H.G. Wiegerink, J. van Meeteren (Erasmus MC - University Medical Center and Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Rotterdam), H.A. ReindersMesselink (Revalidatie Friesland and University Medical Center Groningen); J.W. Gorter (McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada); J. Verheijden (BOSK – Association of Physically Disabled Persons and their Parents, Utrecht). This research has been performed as part of the PERRIN (Pediatric Rehabilitation Research in the
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Netherlands) research program and has been supported by the ‘Stichting Rotterdams Kinderrevalidatie Fonds Adriaanstichting’ and ‘Stichting Johanna KinderFonds’ (2010/0040). The authors would like to thank the children for their participation and the university medical centres and
INSTITUTIONS WHERE THE STUDY WAS PERFORMED De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
-
University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
-
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M AN U
SC
-
RI PT
rehabilitation centres for providing the data.
Grants from Stichting Rotterdams Kinderrevalidatie Fonds Adriaanstichting and from Stichting Johanna Kinder Fonds have been used during the conduct of the study.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
TE D
Dirk-Wouter Smits Rembrandtkade 10
EP
3583 TM Utrecht
AC C
[email protected]
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1
MAIN TEXT DOCUMENT
2 TITLE
4
How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children
5
and adolescents with cerebral palsy?
RI PT
3
6 ABSTRACT
8
Objective: To investigate the relationships between changes in motor capacity (can do, in
9
standardized environment), in motor capability (can do, in daily environment), and in motor
SC
7
performance (does do, in daily environment) among children with cerebral palsy (CP).
11
Design: Prospective longitudinal study. After baseline measurements (at the age of 18
12
months, 30 months, 5 years, 7 years, 9 years, 11 years, or 13 years), 2-year follow-up
13
measurements were performed. Change-scores were calculated and Pearson correlations were
14
used for change-score-relationships.
15
Setting: A clinic-based population of children with CP.
16
Participants: Toddlers, school-age children, and adolescents with CP (N=321; 200 boys and
17
121 girls). Levels of severity according to the GMFCS: Level I 42%, Level II 15%, Level III
18
17%, Level IV 13%, and Level V 13%.
19
Interventions: Not applicable
20
Main Outcome Measures: Change in motor capacity was assessed with the Gross Motor
21
Function Measure-66. Change in motor capability and motor performance were assessed with
22
the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, using the Functional-Skills-Scale and
23
Caregiver-Assistance-Scale, respectively.
24
Results: Within the total group, change-score-correlations were moderate (between 0.52 and
25
0.67) and significant (p school-age ch.; toddlers > adolescents; school-age ch. > adolescents ANOVA posthoc test (Bonferroni): toddlers > school-age ch. ; toddlers > adolescents c ANOVA posthoc test (Bonferroni): level I, II, III, and IV > level V; level III > level IV d ANOVA posthoc test (Bonferroni): level I > level V; level III > level V
AC C
EP
b
1
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Table 3. Pearson correlation-coefficients (r) for change scores between GMFM-66, PEDI-FSS-MOB, and PEDI-CAS-MOB, within age groups and within severity subgroups. ∆GMFM-66 versus ∆PEDI-CAS-MOB
r
n
p-value
r
n
p-value
r
n
p-value
Age groups Toddlers School-age children Adolescents
0.55 0.21 0.09
72 98 96
S0003-9993(14)00329-3
DOI:
10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.013
Reference:
YAPMR 55817
To appear in:
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Received Date: 30 October 2013 Revised Date:
21 March 2014
Accepted Date: 1 April 2014
Please cite this article as: Smits D-W, Gorter JW, van Schie PE, Dallmeijer AJ, Ketelaar M, , How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy?, ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.013. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT TITLE PAGE DOCUMENT
RUNNING HEAD
RI PT
Changes in capacity, capability & performance
TITLE
How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children and
SC
adolescents with cerebral palsy?
M AN U
AUTHORS
Dirk-Wouter Smits PT PhD1,2, Jan Willem Gorter MD PhD2,3, Petra EM van Schie PT PhD4, Annet J Dallmeijer PhD4, Marjolijn Ketelaar PhD1,2 on behalf of the PERRIN+ study group
1 Brain
Center Rudolf Magnus and Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center
2 Partner
TE D
Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
of NetChild, Network for Childhood Disability Research in The Netherlands
3 CanChild
Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
4 Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center,
AC C
Acknowledgement:
EP
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
The PERRIN+ study group includes: A.J. Dallmeijer, R.C. Vos, M. van Eck, P.E.M van Schie, J.M. Voorman, J.G. Becher, (VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam); C. Schuengel (VU University, Amsterdam); M. Ketelaar, D.W. Smits, E. Lindeman† (University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht); M.J Jongmans (Utrecht University); M.E. Roebroeck, S.S. Tan, D.J.H.G. Wiegerink, J. van Meeteren (Erasmus MC - University Medical Center and Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Rotterdam), H.A. ReindersMesselink (Revalidatie Friesland and University Medical Center Groningen); J.W. Gorter (McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada); J. Verheijden (BOSK – Association of Physically Disabled Persons and their Parents, Utrecht). This research has been performed as part of the PERRIN (Pediatric Rehabilitation Research in the
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Netherlands) research program and has been supported by the ‘Stichting Rotterdams Kinderrevalidatie Fonds Adriaanstichting’ and ‘Stichting Johanna KinderFonds’ (2010/0040). The authors would like to thank the children for their participation and the university medical centres and
INSTITUTIONS WHERE THE STUDY WAS PERFORMED De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
-
University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
-
VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M AN U
SC
-
RI PT
rehabilitation centres for providing the data.
Grants from Stichting Rotterdams Kinderrevalidatie Fonds Adriaanstichting and from Stichting Johanna Kinder Fonds have been used during the conduct of the study.
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
TE D
Dirk-Wouter Smits Rembrandtkade 10
EP
3583 TM Utrecht
AC C
[email protected]
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1
MAIN TEXT DOCUMENT
2 TITLE
4
How do changes in motor capacity, motor capability and motor performance relate in children
5
and adolescents with cerebral palsy?
RI PT
3
6 ABSTRACT
8
Objective: To investigate the relationships between changes in motor capacity (can do, in
9
standardized environment), in motor capability (can do, in daily environment), and in motor
SC
7
performance (does do, in daily environment) among children with cerebral palsy (CP).
11
Design: Prospective longitudinal study. After baseline measurements (at the age of 18
12
months, 30 months, 5 years, 7 years, 9 years, 11 years, or 13 years), 2-year follow-up
13
measurements were performed. Change-scores were calculated and Pearson correlations were
14
used for change-score-relationships.
15
Setting: A clinic-based population of children with CP.
16
Participants: Toddlers, school-age children, and adolescents with CP (N=321; 200 boys and
17
121 girls). Levels of severity according to the GMFCS: Level I 42%, Level II 15%, Level III
18
17%, Level IV 13%, and Level V 13%.
19
Interventions: Not applicable
20
Main Outcome Measures: Change in motor capacity was assessed with the Gross Motor
21
Function Measure-66. Change in motor capability and motor performance were assessed with
22
the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, using the Functional-Skills-Scale and
23
Caregiver-Assistance-Scale, respectively.
24
Results: Within the total group, change-score-correlations were moderate (between 0.52 and
25
0.67) and significant (p school-age ch.; toddlers > adolescents; school-age ch. > adolescents ANOVA posthoc test (Bonferroni): toddlers > school-age ch. ; toddlers > adolescents c ANOVA posthoc test (Bonferroni): level I, II, III, and IV > level V; level III > level IV d ANOVA posthoc test (Bonferroni): level I > level V; level III > level V
AC C
EP
b
1
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Table 3. Pearson correlation-coefficients (r) for change scores between GMFM-66, PEDI-FSS-MOB, and PEDI-CAS-MOB, within age groups and within severity subgroups. ∆GMFM-66 versus ∆PEDI-CAS-MOB
r
n
p-value
r
n
p-value
r
n
p-value
Age groups Toddlers School-age children Adolescents
0.55 0.21 0.09
72 98 96
