This article was downloaded by: [130.132.123.28] On: 16 May 2015, At: 10:06 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/usmt20
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Prevalence and Comorbidity in 906 Subjects K. B. Segraves & R. T. Segraves Published online: 14 Jan 2008.
To cite this article: K. B. Segraves & R. T. Segraves (1991) Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Prevalence and Comorbidity in 906 Subjects, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 17:1, 55-58, DOI: 10.1080/00926239108405469 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926239108405469
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/termsand-conditions
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Prevalence and Comorbidity in 906 Subjects
Downloaded by [] at 10:06 16 May 2015
K. B. SEGRAVES and K. T. SEGRAVES
The frequency of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and the frequency of comorbidity of sexual disorders was recorded f r o m a total population of 906 subjects studied in a multisite pharmaceutical study. Sixty-five percent had a primary diagnosis of HSDD. H S D D was f a r more common i n females than male subjects. Males diagnosed with H S D D were significantly older than women diagnosed with HSDD. Approximately, 40% of the subjects with a primary diagnosis of H S D D had second diagnoses of arousal or orgasm disorders. Inhibited sexual desire was first introduced into the official psychiatric nomenclature in 1980' and was renamed hypoactive sexual desire disorder in 1987.* Due to the relatively recent introduction of this diagnostic entity, there is minimal evidence available concerning the prevalence, comorbidity, and demographic characteristics of patients with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Various authors have reported the frequency of sexual desire disorders to vary from 1% to 38% in males and from 31% to 49% in females.g-6However, most of the studies employed small sample sizes. T h e r e is minimal evidence concerning the frequency with which desire disorders are associated with other sexual disorders. T h e purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of hypoactive sexual desire disorders and secondary diagnoses in a population of 906 individuals in a multisite study. METHODS Data were analyzed from a multisite pharmaceutical company study of sexual disorders. Subjects were recruited at 15 different sites to test an experimental drug's efficacy in the treatment of desire, arousal, and 'l'he authors would like to express their appreciation to Eli I.illy & C o . for releasing this information to the American Psychiatric Association's Work Group on Sexual Disorders in DSM-IV. Address reprint requests to K. R. Segraves, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry. MetroHealth Medical Center. 3395 Scranton Road. Cleveland, 0 1 1 44109.
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 1991 0 BrunnedMazel, Inc. 55
Downloaded by [] at 10:06 16 May 2015
56
Iournal of SPXkf Marital Therapy, Vol. 1 7 , No. 1 , Spring 1991
orgasm difficulties in both sexes. Subjects were enrolled in 1987, 1988, arid 1989. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder was diagnosed according to operationalized DSM-111 criteria: 1 ) subjective sexual arousal less than or equal to once every t w o weeks; 2) frequency of self-initiated sexual activity less than or equal to once every t w o weeks; and 3) absence or marked decrease in the frequency of sexual fantasy. To be included in the study, female subjects could not have had bilateral oophorectomy and male subjects had to have both serum testosterone and serum prolactin levels within normal limits. Patients were excluded from the study if the sexual problem was partner specific, related to an identifiable environmental stressor, or related to a depressive disorder. Patients with premature ejaculation were excluded from this project. All patients were diagnosed categorically according to operationalized DSM-I I I criteria and also received corresponding primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses as appropriate using the Multiaxial Diagnostic System (MADS).'
RESULTS Of the 906 subjects (532 females and 374 males) recruited into this project, 588 (65%)'had a primary diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Of the 588 patients with a diagnosis of HSDD, 475 (81%I) were female. Of the male patients enrolled, 113 (30%) were diagnosed as having HSDD as a primary diagnosis. Of the female patients, 89% were diagnosed as having HSDD as a primary diagnosis. Males with primary diagnoses of HSDD were older than females ( p < .01). T h e age and syrnptom duration information is summarized in Table 1. Of the 475 females with a primary diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 194 (4 1 %) were diagnosed as having at least one other sexual disorder; 86 women (18%)had sexual disorders in all three sexual components studied (desire, arousal, orgasm). Of the 475 females with a primary diagnoses of HSDD, 145 (31%) had secondary or tertiary MADS diagnoses of sexual arousal disorder (e.g., MADS 20, 27, 28). O f the subjects with secondary diagnoses of' arousal disorder, most were coded TABLE 1 HSDD: Patient Age and Symptom Duration Female HSDD Age*
x
37.3 8.1 x 4.9 SD = 3.4
SD Duration *,4grdiffcreti
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/usmt20
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Prevalence and Comorbidity in 906 Subjects K. B. Segraves & R. T. Segraves Published online: 14 Jan 2008.
To cite this article: K. B. Segraves & R. T. Segraves (1991) Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Prevalence and Comorbidity in 906 Subjects, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 17:1, 55-58, DOI: 10.1080/00926239108405469 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926239108405469
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/termsand-conditions
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Prevalence and Comorbidity in 906 Subjects
Downloaded by [] at 10:06 16 May 2015
K. B. SEGRAVES and K. T. SEGRAVES
The frequency of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and the frequency of comorbidity of sexual disorders was recorded f r o m a total population of 906 subjects studied in a multisite pharmaceutical study. Sixty-five percent had a primary diagnosis of HSDD. H S D D was f a r more common i n females than male subjects. Males diagnosed with H S D D were significantly older than women diagnosed with HSDD. Approximately, 40% of the subjects with a primary diagnosis of H S D D had second diagnoses of arousal or orgasm disorders. Inhibited sexual desire was first introduced into the official psychiatric nomenclature in 1980' and was renamed hypoactive sexual desire disorder in 1987.* Due to the relatively recent introduction of this diagnostic entity, there is minimal evidence available concerning the prevalence, comorbidity, and demographic characteristics of patients with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Various authors have reported the frequency of sexual desire disorders to vary from 1% to 38% in males and from 31% to 49% in females.g-6However, most of the studies employed small sample sizes. T h e r e is minimal evidence concerning the frequency with which desire disorders are associated with other sexual disorders. T h e purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of hypoactive sexual desire disorders and secondary diagnoses in a population of 906 individuals in a multisite study. METHODS Data were analyzed from a multisite pharmaceutical company study of sexual disorders. Subjects were recruited at 15 different sites to test an experimental drug's efficacy in the treatment of desire, arousal, and 'l'he authors would like to express their appreciation to Eli I.illy & C o . for releasing this information to the American Psychiatric Association's Work Group on Sexual Disorders in DSM-IV. Address reprint requests to K. R. Segraves, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry. MetroHealth Medical Center. 3395 Scranton Road. Cleveland, 0 1 1 44109.
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 1991 0 BrunnedMazel, Inc. 55
Downloaded by [] at 10:06 16 May 2015
56
Iournal of SPXkf Marital Therapy, Vol. 1 7 , No. 1 , Spring 1991
orgasm difficulties in both sexes. Subjects were enrolled in 1987, 1988, arid 1989. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder was diagnosed according to operationalized DSM-111 criteria: 1 ) subjective sexual arousal less than or equal to once every t w o weeks; 2) frequency of self-initiated sexual activity less than or equal to once every t w o weeks; and 3) absence or marked decrease in the frequency of sexual fantasy. To be included in the study, female subjects could not have had bilateral oophorectomy and male subjects had to have both serum testosterone and serum prolactin levels within normal limits. Patients were excluded from the study if the sexual problem was partner specific, related to an identifiable environmental stressor, or related to a depressive disorder. Patients with premature ejaculation were excluded from this project. All patients were diagnosed categorically according to operationalized DSM-I I I criteria and also received corresponding primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses as appropriate using the Multiaxial Diagnostic System (MADS).'
RESULTS Of the 906 subjects (532 females and 374 males) recruited into this project, 588 (65%)'had a primary diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Of the 588 patients with a diagnosis of HSDD, 475 (81%I) were female. Of the male patients enrolled, 113 (30%) were diagnosed as having HSDD as a primary diagnosis. Of the female patients, 89% were diagnosed as having HSDD as a primary diagnosis. Males with primary diagnoses of HSDD were older than females ( p < .01). T h e age and syrnptom duration information is summarized in Table 1. Of the 475 females with a primary diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 194 (4 1 %) were diagnosed as having at least one other sexual disorder; 86 women (18%)had sexual disorders in all three sexual components studied (desire, arousal, orgasm). Of the 475 females with a primary diagnoses of HSDD, 145 (31%) had secondary or tertiary MADS diagnoses of sexual arousal disorder (e.g., MADS 20, 27, 28). O f the subjects with secondary diagnoses of' arousal disorder, most were coded TABLE 1 HSDD: Patient Age and Symptom Duration Female HSDD Age*
x
37.3 8.1 x 4.9 SD = 3.4
SD Duration *,4grdiffcreti
