Immobilization of Fishers (Martes pennanti) with Ketamine Hydrochloride and Xylazine Hydrochloride Author(s): Jerrold L. Belant Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 27(2):328-330. Published By: Wildlife Disease Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.328 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7589/0090-3558-27.2.328

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Journal

Immobilization Ketamine Jerrold Center,

of Fishers

Hydrochloride

L. Belant, Newcomb,

hydrochloride

(KH)

chloride

(XH)

(Martes

pennanti).

Four

adult

injected between

body

and

a

males

total

of

were

five

vert

dation appeared XH appears to

at

times

words: Fishers, hydrochloride, immobilization,

Fishers

Martes xylazine field

1986). Fishers

driven

lized

via

traps

at

pennanti)

(Martes

have

with

acepromazine

1982),

and

(Sea! Sea!

Erickson, Kreeger

could

1969; (1987)

be

combination

and

immobilized

with

using

xylazine hydrochloride KH is a cyc!ohexane-based

creates 1984;

hand-syringe

transitory hypotension Kreeger, drugs

1987).

and

recovery

XH

have

mobilize KH-XH

combined

results used

a variety use

ers. I report mobilizing

1976).

not

of these KH

been

and to im-

as practical rectal

temperatures

10 mm

intervals

until

completed. measurements

however, for

tional tucky

Band 41072,

fish-

for imresearch

vanced

Fishers

were wire Live

captured cage

traps

Trap

Co.,

in 25.4 (Model Tomahawk,

x 37.5 207,

released

X

Four

Tom-

six times

Wis328

pos-

taken

as

taken

at

procedures

and

were tags

Ad-

were

handling

morpholog-

recorded.

Na-

and Tag Co., Newport, USA) and a radio collar

Ken(Ad-

Systems,

55040, at the adult between

(Mode!

Each

1005-3,

Telemetry

Minnesota

the an-

upright

were

Weight ear

was the

immobilization.

ditional

ical

time and

trap to different rate, resting heart

temperature

were

re-

time was recum-

time and an

after

time

Standing recumbancy

Recovery recumbancy the

by

lateral

Arousal between

mobility. between

recta!

received

purposes.

81.3-cm

and

soon

13201,

as the or

to maintain

rate,

com-

to main-

recorded

I moved Respiration

fisher

reported

on the use of KH-XH fishers in the field for

ability

ture while positions.

used

sterna!

attained. interval

posturing. between

imal’s

induction

in combination of carnivores;

has

upright interval

that

induces

use

in smooth

(Harthoorn, been

bancy and head was the interval

in

prior to prolonged et a!., 1986; Seal and

The

generally

KH

was

a 5:1 York

was

was

was as the

cage

fisher

as recommended

until

cumbancy defined

(Aronson, XH is an

that

time

wire

(Ketaset#{174}, Bristol New

KH

injection

before

(Rompun#{174}, Mobay Kansas 66201, additional injection

(1987)

and Kreeger anesthesia.

the with

KH

used traps

immobi-

Each

Syracuse,

Induction

(XH).

agonist hypertension (Kreeger

mg

1970). that

drug

site. injected

100

bears

traps were

in

capture

Seal tain from

diazepam,

dissociative anesthesia Seal and Kreeger, 1987).

alpha2-adrenergic

KH

promazine

promazine,

cage

fishers

of 5 to 10 mg/kg

Jessup,

Seal et a!., suggested

wire All

of

in cu!black

scraps were in culvert

USA) and 20 mg XH Corporation, Shawnee, USA). If required, an

been

1977;

phencyclidine

and and

fishers

(Kelly,

Meat captured

intramuscularly

Ecological

or incidentally

into

the

bination

Adirondack

to capture

immobilization.

ke-

pennanti, hydrochloride, study.

immobilized with ketamine hydrochloride (KH) (Johnson, 1984; Arthur, 1988),

ahawk

USA)

designed

Laboratories,

Key tamine chemical

1991, pp. 328-330 Association 1991

Disease

and Forestry,

54487, traps

were

to 29.0 mg/kg KH and XH. Mean (±SE) induction time were 3.3 ± 0.5 mm and respectively. Respiration, heart temperature in response to senormal. A 5:1 mixture of KHbe a safe immobilizing agent for

fishers.

or

Science

(LeCount, for bait.

in-

27(2),

Hydrochloride

consin

22.4

4.1 to 6.6 mg/kg time and arousal 76.8 ± 12.1 mm, rate,

used

Diseases, © Wildlife

with

of Environmental

of 100 mg ketamine 20 mg xylazine hydroto immobilize fishers

and

was

tramuscularly dosages

and Xylazine

State University of New York, College New York 12852, USA

A combination

ABSTRACT:

pennant,)

(Martes

of Wildlife

USA).

capture male

Inc., All

site fishers

9 May

and

Isanti,

fishers

were

after

recovery.

were

captured

16 June

1990.

SHORT

1.

TABLE

xylazine

Physiological hydrochloride.

responses

of

adult

male

fishers

n

Ketamine

hydrochloride

Xylazine Induction

time

Arousal

(mm)

time

Recovery

(mm)

(bpm)

Respiration Temperature

(bpm) at 0 mm

(C)

with

Mean

Median

hydrochloride

ketamine

SE

5

24.7

22.6

3.P’

22.4-29.0

4.9

4.5

iF’

4.1-6.6

5

3.3

3.0

0.5

2.0-5.5

90.0

12.1

37.0-96.0 50.0-148.0

76.8

5

99.6

98.0

17.5

5

119.4

110.0

18.5

68.0-164.0

5

139.6

138.0

4.3

128.0-148.0

5

73.8

66.0

5

39.8

40.0

0.5

38.5-41.0

21.1

42.0-146.0

at

10 mm

(C)

5

38.4

39.0

0.7

37.0-40.0

Temperature

at

20

(C)

4

38.6

38.5

0.4

37.0-39.5

Standard

error.

Standard Rectal

Each

deviation

for

temperatures

fisher

ketamine

taken

was

hydrochloride

at 0,

10, and

and

20

immobilized

mm

xylazine

relatively = 139.6

constant ± 4.3

once

during

among fishers bpm). Respiration

(mean rates

appeared normal with the exception of one fisher that hyperventilated (146 bpm). This fisher also had the highest recorded rectal

temperature

fisher

in shade

(41.0 and

pouring

C).

Placing water

hyperventilation. elevated body

and

its and

Hyperventemperature

in

this animal was probably a result of capture in a steel culvert trap exposed to full sunlight with high (>28 C) ambient temperature. Additionally, this fisher was observed panting before KH-XH administration. With mean rectal then stabilized bancy. Induction immobilized times

the exception of this fisher, temperature decreased and within 10 mm post-recum-

ery times expedient

studies.

XH

for

the

and recovery with KH-XH

times were

using

alone

KH

of fishers similar to (Arthur,

combination with aceproma1977). Although these recov-

are not recovery

unusually is often

long, desired

for

all

other

values.

a more during

Future

field

studies

immobilization

dation and

may

of

(Kreeger

ski and

Rupprecht,

has

been

not

Kreeger

utes,

out

were

with

the

Future different

York

College

of

and

Forestry’s

ad-

confinement tempera-

health State

of antagonists, in the of the

W.

manuscript

Belant provided

and

three

valuable

improvement.

with-

animals.

support

was

University

pro-

of New

Environmental Adirondack

to

field

Science Ecological

I thank Cecily M. Costello in all aspects of field work.

viewers

fishmin-

should experiment and dosages of KH-

logistical the

No

after several

of

effects

the and

effective-

ambient

efficiency

through

Center. sisting

for

of one

for high

as the

sacrificing

Kay

exception

studies ratios

time

Material

and

use

fishers. noted

as a result to

as well

Sea! its

the

hyperventilated

maximize

its use

fishers,

to immobilize

exposure

tures. with

Deresien-

species.

probably

and

1986;

effects

Although

for

responses

that

XH

Seal,

se-

1984)

the

demonstrates

ministration

Lu,

recommended

KH-XH

adverse

the

and

1989).

reported

study

of

(Hsu

and

mustelid

This

as yohimbmne

reverses

antagonize

(1987)

several

er

XH

partially

of KH

ness

YH

KH-

incorporate

such

(YH).

effects

using

could

use of an antagonist,

hydrochloride

vided

reported

1988) or in zine (Kelly,

SE

field

the over

aided in reducing body temperature C at 20 mm post-recumbancy)

eliminated tilation

hydrochloride,

post-recumbancy.

the study with the exception of one fisher that was recaptured and immobilized 19 days later to replace the radio transmitter. Mean (±SE) induction time (n = 5) was 3.3 ± 0.5 mm (Table 1). Heart rate was

body (39.5

and

Range

Temperature

mm

329

5 5

(mm)

time rate

(mg/kg)

(mm)

time

Standing Heart

(mg/kg)

hydrochloride

immobilized

COMMUNICA11ONS

for asMary-

anonymous

re-

suggestions

for

330

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