976
Ingwall JS, Atkinson DE, Clarke K, Fetters JK. Energetic correlates of cardiac failure: changes in the creatine kinase system in the failing myocardium. Eur Heart J 1990; 11 (suppl B): 108-15. 5. Blacklege MJ, Rajagopalan B, Oberhaensli R, Bolas NM, Styles P, Radda GK. Quantitative studies of human cardiac metabolism by 31P rotating
4.
frame NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84: 4285-87. 6. Aufferman
W, Wu ST, Derugin N,
et
al. 31P
magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy of pressure overload hypertrophy in rats; effect of reduced perfusion pressure. Cardiovasc Res 1990; 24: 57-64. 7. Buser
PT, Wagner S, Shao T,
et
al.
Verapamil
preserves
8.
performance and energy metabolism in left ventricular hypertrophy following ischemia and reperfusion. Circulation 1989; 80: 1837-45. Furchgott RF, Lees KS. High energy phosphates and the force of
contraction of cardiac muscle. Circulation 1961; 24: 416-32. 9. Pool PE, Spann JF, Sonneblick EH, Braunwald E. Myocardial high energy phosphate stores in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Circ Res 1967; 21: 365-73.
10. Weiss RG, Bottomley PA, Hardy CJ, Gerstenblith G. Regional myocardial metabolism of high-energy phosphates during isometric exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1593-600.
myocardial
SHORT REPORTS Induced sputum and cytological diagnosis of lung cancer
Patients fasted overnight after 10 pm and collected sputum samples the next day before breakfast after first thoroughly rinsing their mouths with water. Sputum was induced by inhalation of 20 ml of 3% saline for 15-20 min through an ultrasonic nebuliser (’Ultra Neb 99’, De Vilbiss, Pennsylvania, USA). Three slides were prepared from each sputum sample, two of which were stained with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain and one with the Papanicolaou stain.
Diagnosis of lung cancer by examination of induced sputum specimens for malignant cells may be a valuable alternative to diagnosis by bronchoscopy. Patients suspected of having lung cancer were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups, one group (n=34) having sputum induced by use of an ultrasonic nebuliser before bronchoscopy, and the other (n=33) undergoing ordinary expectoration before bronchoscopy. 25 patients in the induced-sputum group were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer; induced sputum was positive for malignant cells in 21 of these patients (84%), whereas bronchoscopy was positive in 23 (92%) (not significantly different). In comparison, ordinary sputum was positive in 15 of 29 patients (52%) diagnosed as having primary lung cancer, whereas bronchoscopy was positive in 28 (97%) (p
Ingwall JS, Atkinson DE, Clarke K, Fetters JK. Energetic correlates of cardiac failure: changes in the creatine kinase system in the failing myocardium. Eur Heart J 1990; 11 (suppl B): 108-15. 5. Blacklege MJ, Rajagopalan B, Oberhaensli R, Bolas NM, Styles P, Radda GK. Quantitative studies of human cardiac metabolism by 31P rotating
4.
frame NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84: 4285-87. 6. Aufferman
W, Wu ST, Derugin N,
et
al. 31P
magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy of pressure overload hypertrophy in rats; effect of reduced perfusion pressure. Cardiovasc Res 1990; 24: 57-64. 7. Buser
PT, Wagner S, Shao T,
et
al.
Verapamil
preserves
8.
performance and energy metabolism in left ventricular hypertrophy following ischemia and reperfusion. Circulation 1989; 80: 1837-45. Furchgott RF, Lees KS. High energy phosphates and the force of
contraction of cardiac muscle. Circulation 1961; 24: 416-32. 9. Pool PE, Spann JF, Sonneblick EH, Braunwald E. Myocardial high energy phosphate stores in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Circ Res 1967; 21: 365-73.
10. Weiss RG, Bottomley PA, Hardy CJ, Gerstenblith G. Regional myocardial metabolism of high-energy phosphates during isometric exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1593-600.
myocardial
SHORT REPORTS Induced sputum and cytological diagnosis of lung cancer
Patients fasted overnight after 10 pm and collected sputum samples the next day before breakfast after first thoroughly rinsing their mouths with water. Sputum was induced by inhalation of 20 ml of 3% saline for 15-20 min through an ultrasonic nebuliser (’Ultra Neb 99’, De Vilbiss, Pennsylvania, USA). Three slides were prepared from each sputum sample, two of which were stained with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain and one with the Papanicolaou stain.
Diagnosis of lung cancer by examination of induced sputum specimens for malignant cells may be a valuable alternative to diagnosis by bronchoscopy. Patients suspected of having lung cancer were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups, one group (n=34) having sputum induced by use of an ultrasonic nebuliser before bronchoscopy, and the other (n=33) undergoing ordinary expectoration before bronchoscopy. 25 patients in the induced-sputum group were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer; induced sputum was positive for malignant cells in 21 of these patients (84%), whereas bronchoscopy was positive in 23 (92%) (not significantly different). In comparison, ordinary sputum was positive in 15 of 29 patients (52%) diagnosed as having primary lung cancer, whereas bronchoscopy was positive in 28 (97%) (p
