Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
ISSN: 0916-8451 (Print) 1347-6947 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbbb20
Induction of Neutrophil Accumulation by Vegetable Juice Masatoshi Yamazaki & Toshiharu Nishimura To cite this article: Masatoshi Yamazaki & Toshiharu Nishimura (1992) Induction of Neutrophil Accumulation by Vegetable Juice, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56:1, 150-151, DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.150 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.150
Published online: 12 Jun 2014.
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Citing articles: 7 View citing articles
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Date: 11 June 2016, At: 13:00
Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56 (1), 150-151, 1992
Note
Induction of Neutrophil Accumulation by Vegetable Juice Masatoshi
YAMAZAKI
and Toshiharu
NISHIMURA
*
Downloaded by [163.172.129.70] at 13:00 11 June 2016
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko,Kanagawa 199-01, Japan Received July 5, 1991
Many immunomodulators have been developed as immunotherapeutic agents against tumors; these are from both bacteria and plants. We previously found that all immunomodulators have neutrophil-inducing activities,l) and therefore, immunopotentiators have a common character of being able to increase the number of leukocytes in a host. In fact, some of these immunopotentiators that can increase the number of leukocytes have recently been clinically used to prevent microbial infection after chemotherapy or irradiation. To learn the effects of vegetables on host defense systems, we examined whether vegetable juices could induce a high accumulation of neutrophils at the site of an injection. Washed vegetables were put into a juicer and centrifuged to obtain juices. The juices were adjusted to pH 7.4±0.2 and to an isotonic concentration with an osmometer 3W2 (Advanced Instruments, Inc., Massachusetts, U.S.A.), then passed through a 0.45-/lm membrane filter to remove particulates. These preparations were used as the vegetable juices. The local accumulation of neutrophils was examined by the previously described method. 1) A sample of vegetable juice was injected into the peritoneal cavity of male C3H/He mice (ShizuokaExperimental Animal Farm, Shizuoka, Japan). Thesemice were used at 8-10 weeks of age (about 25 g) and at 6 mice per experimental group. The peritoneal exudates were obtained 6 hr after injection, stained with Diff-Quik Stain (Midorijyuji Co., Osaka, Japan), and examined microscopically. The number of neutrophils in the exudates was counted by scoring approximately 500 cells in 5 areas. The percentage of neutrophil accumulation was calculated by the following equation: number ofneutrophils Neutrophil (%) - - - - - - - - x 100 number ofexudate cells
Table I. Neutrophil Accumulation Caused by Injection of Various Vegetable Juices Sample
Neutrophil (%)
ED so (ml/mouse)
Saline (0.5 ml) Lentinan (0.2 mg) OK-432 (O.2mg)
2±1 82±5 97±2
0.08 (mg) 0.03 (mg)
Turnip Japanese radish Cucumber Green pepper Eggplant Parsley Carrot Spinach Spring onion Cabbage Ginger Onion Perilla Garlic
42±7 45±8 51 ±5 62±9 59±3 57±7 71 ±8 94±3 78±5 74±8 76±4 82±7 89±6 72±7
1.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.18 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.02
As shown in Table I, two immunopotentiators, lentinan and OK-432, induced a marked increase of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity while saline did not. The neutrophil accumulation 6 hr after the peritoneal injection of 0.5 ml/mouse of the vegetable juices was also increased. Accumulation was clearly dose-dependent and the value for the dilution of juice giving half the cell population (ED so ) was obtained from a dose-response curve. The results indicate that the capacity for neutrophil accumulation depends on the vegetable tested and that the capacity of a vegetable such as garlic or perilla is 70 times greater than that ofa turnip. Figure 1 shows the course of the ratio of neutrophil accumulation in peritoneal exudates after the intraperitoneal injection of cabbage juice (0.5 ml) and lentinan (0.2 mg). With the cabbage juice, accumulation reached maximum 6 hr after injection and decreased thereafter, as was also true with the immunopotentiator. We reported earlier that neutrophils can be effector cells in tumor cell cytotoxicity as well as bactericidal action. 2 ) It therefore seemed useful to examine the cellular response to vegetables in the early stage of the host defense mechanism, especially with respect to neutrophil-inducing activity. Intraperitoneal injection of isotonic and neutral fruit juices such as from apples or kiwis could induce a high accumulation of neutrophils in the mouse peritoneal cavity; the ED so value was about 0.3 ml/mouse. 3) However, strawberry, persimmon, and citrus fruits induced a lower level with ED 50 values of over 2 ml/mouse. This work was undertaken to ascertain whether various vegetable juices are c~pable of inducing neutrophils at the site of injection. The findings indicate that vegetables do have this characteristic in common with immunopotentiators. In general, vegetables proved to be stronger than fruits in their neutrophil-induction activity. The active molecule(s) presented in our study remains to be identified. However, we assume that the active molecule is not sole, since the dose-response curves of neutrophil accumulation depend on vegetable juices tested (data not shown). In an earlier paper, we reported that certain vegetables could stimulate macrophages to produce a cytokine. 4 ) Since neutrophils are versatile as macrophages, those vegetables could potentially stimulate host resistance against various diseases. This idea does not contradict the epidemiological data in which consumers of vegetables have a lower risk of death than nonconsumers. 5 )
12
24
48
72
Hours after injection
Rice Potato
8±1 6±1
>2 >2
Fig. 1.
Course of Neutrophil Accumulation.
0, lentinan;
*
e, cabbage juice.
Present address: Glico Dairy Co., Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196, Japan
NII-Electronic Library Service
TNF Production by Vegetable Juice
References K. Morikawa, Y. Kikuchi, S. Abe, M. Yamazaki, and D. Mizuno, Gann, 75, 370-378 (1984). 2) M. Yamazaki, M. Ikenami, and T. Sugiyama, Br. J. Cancer, 59, 353-355 (1989).
3)
M. Yamazaki, T. Nishimura, and D. Mizuno, J. Clin. Expt. Med., 146, 605-606 (1988). 4) M. Yamazaki,H. Veda, K. FUkuda,M. Okamoto, and S. Yui, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56, 149 (1992). 5) T.Hirayama, Nutr. Cancer, 1, 67-81 (1979).
Downloaded by [163.172.129.70] at 13:00 11 June 2016
1)
151
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ISSN: 0916-8451 (Print) 1347-6947 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbbb20
Induction of Neutrophil Accumulation by Vegetable Juice Masatoshi Yamazaki & Toshiharu Nishimura To cite this article: Masatoshi Yamazaki & Toshiharu Nishimura (1992) Induction of Neutrophil Accumulation by Vegetable Juice, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56:1, 150-151, DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.150 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.150
Published online: 12 Jun 2014.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 19
View related articles
Citing articles: 7 View citing articles
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tbbb20 Download by: [163.172.129.70]
Date: 11 June 2016, At: 13:00
Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56 (1), 150-151, 1992
Note
Induction of Neutrophil Accumulation by Vegetable Juice Masatoshi
YAMAZAKI
and Toshiharu
NISHIMURA
*
Downloaded by [163.172.129.70] at 13:00 11 June 2016
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko,Kanagawa 199-01, Japan Received July 5, 1991
Many immunomodulators have been developed as immunotherapeutic agents against tumors; these are from both bacteria and plants. We previously found that all immunomodulators have neutrophil-inducing activities,l) and therefore, immunopotentiators have a common character of being able to increase the number of leukocytes in a host. In fact, some of these immunopotentiators that can increase the number of leukocytes have recently been clinically used to prevent microbial infection after chemotherapy or irradiation. To learn the effects of vegetables on host defense systems, we examined whether vegetable juices could induce a high accumulation of neutrophils at the site of an injection. Washed vegetables were put into a juicer and centrifuged to obtain juices. The juices were adjusted to pH 7.4±0.2 and to an isotonic concentration with an osmometer 3W2 (Advanced Instruments, Inc., Massachusetts, U.S.A.), then passed through a 0.45-/lm membrane filter to remove particulates. These preparations were used as the vegetable juices. The local accumulation of neutrophils was examined by the previously described method. 1) A sample of vegetable juice was injected into the peritoneal cavity of male C3H/He mice (ShizuokaExperimental Animal Farm, Shizuoka, Japan). Thesemice were used at 8-10 weeks of age (about 25 g) and at 6 mice per experimental group. The peritoneal exudates were obtained 6 hr after injection, stained with Diff-Quik Stain (Midorijyuji Co., Osaka, Japan), and examined microscopically. The number of neutrophils in the exudates was counted by scoring approximately 500 cells in 5 areas. The percentage of neutrophil accumulation was calculated by the following equation: number ofneutrophils Neutrophil (%) - - - - - - - - x 100 number ofexudate cells
Table I. Neutrophil Accumulation Caused by Injection of Various Vegetable Juices Sample
Neutrophil (%)
ED so (ml/mouse)
Saline (0.5 ml) Lentinan (0.2 mg) OK-432 (O.2mg)
2±1 82±5 97±2
0.08 (mg) 0.03 (mg)
Turnip Japanese radish Cucumber Green pepper Eggplant Parsley Carrot Spinach Spring onion Cabbage Ginger Onion Perilla Garlic
42±7 45±8 51 ±5 62±9 59±3 57±7 71 ±8 94±3 78±5 74±8 76±4 82±7 89±6 72±7
1.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.18 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.02
As shown in Table I, two immunopotentiators, lentinan and OK-432, induced a marked increase of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity while saline did not. The neutrophil accumulation 6 hr after the peritoneal injection of 0.5 ml/mouse of the vegetable juices was also increased. Accumulation was clearly dose-dependent and the value for the dilution of juice giving half the cell population (ED so ) was obtained from a dose-response curve. The results indicate that the capacity for neutrophil accumulation depends on the vegetable tested and that the capacity of a vegetable such as garlic or perilla is 70 times greater than that ofa turnip. Figure 1 shows the course of the ratio of neutrophil accumulation in peritoneal exudates after the intraperitoneal injection of cabbage juice (0.5 ml) and lentinan (0.2 mg). With the cabbage juice, accumulation reached maximum 6 hr after injection and decreased thereafter, as was also true with the immunopotentiator. We reported earlier that neutrophils can be effector cells in tumor cell cytotoxicity as well as bactericidal action. 2 ) It therefore seemed useful to examine the cellular response to vegetables in the early stage of the host defense mechanism, especially with respect to neutrophil-inducing activity. Intraperitoneal injection of isotonic and neutral fruit juices such as from apples or kiwis could induce a high accumulation of neutrophils in the mouse peritoneal cavity; the ED so value was about 0.3 ml/mouse. 3) However, strawberry, persimmon, and citrus fruits induced a lower level with ED 50 values of over 2 ml/mouse. This work was undertaken to ascertain whether various vegetable juices are c~pable of inducing neutrophils at the site of injection. The findings indicate that vegetables do have this characteristic in common with immunopotentiators. In general, vegetables proved to be stronger than fruits in their neutrophil-induction activity. The active molecule(s) presented in our study remains to be identified. However, we assume that the active molecule is not sole, since the dose-response curves of neutrophil accumulation depend on vegetable juices tested (data not shown). In an earlier paper, we reported that certain vegetables could stimulate macrophages to produce a cytokine. 4 ) Since neutrophils are versatile as macrophages, those vegetables could potentially stimulate host resistance against various diseases. This idea does not contradict the epidemiological data in which consumers of vegetables have a lower risk of death than nonconsumers. 5 )
12
24
48
72
Hours after injection
Rice Potato
8±1 6±1
>2 >2
Fig. 1.
Course of Neutrophil Accumulation.
0, lentinan;
*
e, cabbage juice.
Present address: Glico Dairy Co., Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196, Japan
NII-Electronic Library Service
TNF Production by Vegetable Juice
References K. Morikawa, Y. Kikuchi, S. Abe, M. Yamazaki, and D. Mizuno, Gann, 75, 370-378 (1984). 2) M. Yamazaki, M. Ikenami, and T. Sugiyama, Br. J. Cancer, 59, 353-355 (1989).
3)
M. Yamazaki, T. Nishimura, and D. Mizuno, J. Clin. Expt. Med., 146, 605-606 (1988). 4) M. Yamazaki,H. Veda, K. FUkuda,M. Okamoto, and S. Yui, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56, 149 (1992). 5) T.Hirayama, Nutr. Cancer, 1, 67-81 (1979).
Downloaded by [163.172.129.70] at 13:00 11 June 2016
1)
151
NII-Electronic Library Service
