2110
JONES ET AL STEM CELL ACCUMULATION ON HUMAN XENOGRAFT
References
ADULT CARDIAC
1. Bridgewater B, Keogh BE, Kinsman R, Walton P. Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. In: Bridgewater B, Keogh BE, Kinsman R, Walton P, eds. Sixth national adult cardiac surgical databse report: demonstrating quality. Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom: Dendrite Clinical Systems; 2008:48–155. 2. Goldman S, Zadina K, Moritz T, et al. Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. J Am Coll Card 2004;44: 2149–56. 3. Loop F, Lytle B, Cosgrove DM, et al. Influence of the internalmammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1–6. 4. Athanasiou T, Saso S, Rao C, et al. Radial artery versus saphenous vein conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery: forty years of competition—which conduit offers better patency? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40:208–20. 5. Lytle BW, Blackstone EH, Sabik JF, Houghtaling P, Loop FD, Cosgrove DM. The effect of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting on survival during 20 postoperative years. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:2005–12. 6. Taggart DP, Altman DG, Gray AM, et al. Randomized trial to compare bilateral vs. single internal mammary coronary artery bypass grafting: 1-year results of the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART). Eur Heart J 2010;31:2470–81. 7. Rashid ST, Salacinski HJ, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM. The use of animal models in developing the discipline of cardiovascular tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials 2004;25:1627–37. 8. Schaner PJ, Martin ND, Tulenko TN, et al. Decellularized vein as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:146–53.
Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97:2104–10
9. Martin ND, Schaner PJ, Tulenko TN, et al. In vivo behavior of decellularized vein allograft. J Surg Res 2005;129:17–23. 10. Isenberg BC, Williams C, Tranquillo RT. Small-diameter artificial arteries engineered in vitro. Circ Res 2006;98:25–35. 11. L’Heureux N, Paquet S, Labbe R, Germain L, Auger FA. A completely biological tissue-engineered human blood vessel. FASEB J 1998;12:47–56. 12. Zou Y, Dietrich H, Hu Y, Metzler B, Wick G, Xu Q. Mouse model of venous bypass graft arteriosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1998;153:1301–10. 13. Hu Y, Xu Q. New mouse model of vein bypass graft atherosclerosis. Heart Lung Circ 2002;11:182–8. 14. Lopez-Soler RI, Brennan MP, Goyal A, et al. Development of a mouse model for evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts. J Surg Res 2007;139:1–6. 15. Kaushall S, Amiel GE, Guleserian KJ, et al. Functional smalldiameter neovessels created using endothelial progenitor cells expanded ex vivo. Nat Med 2001;7:1035–40. 16. Campbell EM, Cahill PA, Lally C. Investigation of a small diameter decellularised artery as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering; biomechanical evaluation and preliminary cell seeding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mat 2012;14: 130–42. 17. Gui L, Muto A, Chan SA, Breuer CK, Niklason LE. Development of decellularized human umbilical arteries as small-diameter vascular grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2009;15: 2665–76. 18. Ketchedjian A, Jones AL, Krueger P, et al. Recellularization of decellularized allograft scaffolds in ovine great vessel reconstructions. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:888–96. 19. Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science 1997;275:964–7.
INVITED COMMENTARY I am grateful for the opportunity to comment on the manuscript by Jones and colleagues [1], because it represents an interesting and novel approach that addresses a long-standing issue of creating a clinically applicable biological vascular prosthesis. The current interest in complete arterial revascularization in clinical practice remains a vexing problem because of the limited availability of appropriate arterial conduits. Recently, several interesting papers demonstrated development bioengineered grafts using stem cells [2, 3]. However, these grafts need a surface modification to improve cell recruitment and attachment; this is particularly true for endothelial cells that are anchored dependent cells. A fibrin meshwork might enhance endothelialization [4]. The authors successfully studied decellularized human arterial scaffolds to be used as grafts in their experiments. Therein lies attraction of the elegant approach taken by investigators. They have demonstrated that decellularized branches of the human internal mammary artery can be used as an arterial interposition graft in a small animal model. They have shown cellular repopulation with the presence of progenitor cells and the development of mature endothelial and smooth muscle cells markers.
Ó 2014 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Published by Elsevier Inc
This study needs to be expanded to large animal model and perhaps for use in additional pilot clinical studies of human-derived grafts. Nickolas Kipshidze, MD, PhD Valeri Chekanov, MD, PhD New York Cardiovascular Research 1726 2nd Ave, Ste 4S New York, NY 10128 e-mail: [email protected]
References 1. Jones SG, Hu Y, Xu Q, Jahangiri M. Stem cells accumulate on a decellularized arterial xenograft in vivo. Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97:2104–10. 2. Schaner PJ, Martin ND, Tulenko TN, et al. Decellularized vein as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:146–53. 3. Isenberg BC, Williams C, Tranquillo RT. Small-diameter artificial arteries engineered in vitro. Circ Res 2006;98:25–35. 4. Kipshidze N, Ferguson JJ 3rd, Keelan MH Jr, et al. Endoluminal reconstruction of the arterial wall with endothelial cell/ glue matrix reduces restenosis in an atherosclerotic rabbit. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1396–403.
0003-4975/$36.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.035
JONES ET AL STEM CELL ACCUMULATION ON HUMAN XENOGRAFT
References
ADULT CARDIAC
1. Bridgewater B, Keogh BE, Kinsman R, Walton P. Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. In: Bridgewater B, Keogh BE, Kinsman R, Walton P, eds. Sixth national adult cardiac surgical databse report: demonstrating quality. Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom: Dendrite Clinical Systems; 2008:48–155. 2. Goldman S, Zadina K, Moritz T, et al. Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. J Am Coll Card 2004;44: 2149–56. 3. Loop F, Lytle B, Cosgrove DM, et al. Influence of the internalmammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1–6. 4. Athanasiou T, Saso S, Rao C, et al. Radial artery versus saphenous vein conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery: forty years of competition—which conduit offers better patency? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40:208–20. 5. Lytle BW, Blackstone EH, Sabik JF, Houghtaling P, Loop FD, Cosgrove DM. The effect of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting on survival during 20 postoperative years. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:2005–12. 6. Taggart DP, Altman DG, Gray AM, et al. Randomized trial to compare bilateral vs. single internal mammary coronary artery bypass grafting: 1-year results of the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART). Eur Heart J 2010;31:2470–81. 7. Rashid ST, Salacinski HJ, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM. The use of animal models in developing the discipline of cardiovascular tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials 2004;25:1627–37. 8. Schaner PJ, Martin ND, Tulenko TN, et al. Decellularized vein as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:146–53.
Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97:2104–10
9. Martin ND, Schaner PJ, Tulenko TN, et al. In vivo behavior of decellularized vein allograft. J Surg Res 2005;129:17–23. 10. Isenberg BC, Williams C, Tranquillo RT. Small-diameter artificial arteries engineered in vitro. Circ Res 2006;98:25–35. 11. L’Heureux N, Paquet S, Labbe R, Germain L, Auger FA. A completely biological tissue-engineered human blood vessel. FASEB J 1998;12:47–56. 12. Zou Y, Dietrich H, Hu Y, Metzler B, Wick G, Xu Q. Mouse model of venous bypass graft arteriosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1998;153:1301–10. 13. Hu Y, Xu Q. New mouse model of vein bypass graft atherosclerosis. Heart Lung Circ 2002;11:182–8. 14. Lopez-Soler RI, Brennan MP, Goyal A, et al. Development of a mouse model for evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts. J Surg Res 2007;139:1–6. 15. Kaushall S, Amiel GE, Guleserian KJ, et al. Functional smalldiameter neovessels created using endothelial progenitor cells expanded ex vivo. Nat Med 2001;7:1035–40. 16. Campbell EM, Cahill PA, Lally C. Investigation of a small diameter decellularised artery as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering; biomechanical evaluation and preliminary cell seeding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mat 2012;14: 130–42. 17. Gui L, Muto A, Chan SA, Breuer CK, Niklason LE. Development of decellularized human umbilical arteries as small-diameter vascular grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2009;15: 2665–76. 18. Ketchedjian A, Jones AL, Krueger P, et al. Recellularization of decellularized allograft scaffolds in ovine great vessel reconstructions. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:888–96. 19. Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science 1997;275:964–7.
INVITED COMMENTARY I am grateful for the opportunity to comment on the manuscript by Jones and colleagues [1], because it represents an interesting and novel approach that addresses a long-standing issue of creating a clinically applicable biological vascular prosthesis. The current interest in complete arterial revascularization in clinical practice remains a vexing problem because of the limited availability of appropriate arterial conduits. Recently, several interesting papers demonstrated development bioengineered grafts using stem cells [2, 3]. However, these grafts need a surface modification to improve cell recruitment and attachment; this is particularly true for endothelial cells that are anchored dependent cells. A fibrin meshwork might enhance endothelialization [4]. The authors successfully studied decellularized human arterial scaffolds to be used as grafts in their experiments. Therein lies attraction of the elegant approach taken by investigators. They have demonstrated that decellularized branches of the human internal mammary artery can be used as an arterial interposition graft in a small animal model. They have shown cellular repopulation with the presence of progenitor cells and the development of mature endothelial and smooth muscle cells markers.
Ó 2014 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Published by Elsevier Inc
This study needs to be expanded to large animal model and perhaps for use in additional pilot clinical studies of human-derived grafts. Nickolas Kipshidze, MD, PhD Valeri Chekanov, MD, PhD New York Cardiovascular Research 1726 2nd Ave, Ste 4S New York, NY 10128 e-mail: [email protected]
References 1. Jones SG, Hu Y, Xu Q, Jahangiri M. Stem cells accumulate on a decellularized arterial xenograft in vivo. Ann Thorac Surg 2014;97:2104–10. 2. Schaner PJ, Martin ND, Tulenko TN, et al. Decellularized vein as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:146–53. 3. Isenberg BC, Williams C, Tranquillo RT. Small-diameter artificial arteries engineered in vitro. Circ Res 2006;98:25–35. 4. Kipshidze N, Ferguson JJ 3rd, Keelan MH Jr, et al. Endoluminal reconstruction of the arterial wall with endothelial cell/ glue matrix reduces restenosis in an atherosclerotic rabbit. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1396–403.
0003-4975/$36.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.035
