Original Article
Iran J Public Health, Vol. 46, No.8, Aug 2017, pp.1110-1117
Malignant Transformation in Leukoplakia and Its Associated Factors in Southern Iran: A Hospital Based Experience Alireza BARFI QASRDASHTI 1, *Mina Seied HABASHI 2, *Peyman ARASTEH 3, 4, Mahshid TORABI ARDAKANI 5, Zahra ABDOLI 6, Seyed Sajjad EGHBALI 7 1. Dept. of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2. Dept. of Endodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 4. MPH Dept., Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 5. Biomaterial Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 6. Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 7. Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran *Corresponding Authors: Email: [email protected], [email protected] (Received 09 Sep 2016; accepted 15 Jan 2017)
Abstract Background: We evaluated factors that affect malignant transformation of leukoplakia in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: The records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia during a 20-year period from 1989-2009 referred to two of the largest referral centers in southern Iran were studied. Patients that developed malignant transformation were compared with patients that did not have malignant changes. Results: Of 522 patients, female patients, those over 50 yr old and with lesions located on the tongue had the highest rate of malignant changes. Female patients with malignant changes were mostly non-smokers (76.4%), while male patients with malignant changes were mostly smokers (63.8% in non-smokers) (P 50 Site of lesion Upper gingiva Lower gingiva Buccal Tongue Lips Base of mouth Clinical morphology† 1 2 3 4 Smoking Yes no
Group 1 (n=309) Frequency – no. (%) 141 (67.1) 168 (53.8)
Group 2 (n=213) Frequency – no. (%) 69 (32.9) 144 (46.2)
Total 210 312
135 (78) 174 (49.8)
38 (22) 175 (50.2)
173 349
38 (86) 36 (78) 96 (67.6) 65 (36.1) 48 (89) 26 (46)
6 (14) 10 (22) 46 (32.4) 115 (63.9) 6 (11) 30 (54)
44 46 142 180 54 56
24 (29) 23 (29) 197 (93.3) 65 (43.3)
58 (71) 56 (71) 14 (6.7) 85 (56.7)
82 79 211 150
228 (74.5) 81 (37.5)
78 (25.5) 135 (62.5)
306 216
P-value 0.002
Iran J Public Health, Vol. 46, No.8, Aug 2017, pp.1110-1117
Malignant Transformation in Leukoplakia and Its Associated Factors in Southern Iran: A Hospital Based Experience Alireza BARFI QASRDASHTI 1, *Mina Seied HABASHI 2, *Peyman ARASTEH 3, 4, Mahshid TORABI ARDAKANI 5, Zahra ABDOLI 6, Seyed Sajjad EGHBALI 7 1. Dept. of Prosthodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2. Dept. of Endodontics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 4. MPH Dept., Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 5. Biomaterial Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 6. Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 7. Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran *Corresponding Authors: Email: [email protected], [email protected] (Received 09 Sep 2016; accepted 15 Jan 2017)
Abstract Background: We evaluated factors that affect malignant transformation of leukoplakia in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: The records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia during a 20-year period from 1989-2009 referred to two of the largest referral centers in southern Iran were studied. Patients that developed malignant transformation were compared with patients that did not have malignant changes. Results: Of 522 patients, female patients, those over 50 yr old and with lesions located on the tongue had the highest rate of malignant changes. Female patients with malignant changes were mostly non-smokers (76.4%), while male patients with malignant changes were mostly smokers (63.8% in non-smokers) (P 50 Site of lesion Upper gingiva Lower gingiva Buccal Tongue Lips Base of mouth Clinical morphology† 1 2 3 4 Smoking Yes no
Group 1 (n=309) Frequency – no. (%) 141 (67.1) 168 (53.8)
Group 2 (n=213) Frequency – no. (%) 69 (32.9) 144 (46.2)
Total 210 312
135 (78) 174 (49.8)
38 (22) 175 (50.2)
173 349
38 (86) 36 (78) 96 (67.6) 65 (36.1) 48 (89) 26 (46)
6 (14) 10 (22) 46 (32.4) 115 (63.9) 6 (11) 30 (54)
44 46 142 180 54 56
24 (29) 23 (29) 197 (93.3) 65 (43.3)
58 (71) 56 (71) 14 (6.7) 85 (56.7)
82 79 211 150
228 (74.5) 81 (37.5)
78 (25.5) 135 (62.5)
306 216
P-value 0.002
