Nonhypercholesterolemic in Malaysian volunteers13 Tony

KW

Ng,

Khalid The

effects

olein,

corn

oil,

ABSTRACT with

palm

Hassan,

JB Lim,

on and

serum

were compared in three (61 males, 22 females, aged

a coconut-palm-coconut corn-coconut; dietary raised

dietary

and

group

MS

lipids

coconut

the fat calories volunteers

effects

of diets

sequence;

group

oil during

In five human

prepared -‘-75%

oil,

been

emphasized

5-wk

coconut oil 10% in all

>

(-20%, level of

the ratio ofLDL to HDL was not appreciably altered by coconut oil, this ratio was decreased 8% by palm olein and 25% by corn

Am

period.

JClin

unaffected reduced

Nutr

during during

the

palm-olein the corn-oil

oil induced the

ids,

WORDS total

Palm

cholesterol,

cholesterol,

corn

oil, coconut

low-density-lipoprotein

oil, serum cholesterol,

soybean

lipLDL

triglycerides

in the West in which it was reported that

plasma

cholesterol

test

oils

used

oil,

and

sunflower-seed

that

the

plasma

concentrations (ie,

Several saturated

studies in animals fatty acids increase

whereas

polyunsaturated

lesterolemic

effect

( 12- 16 carbons)

and humans have plasma cholesterol

fatty

acids

established that concentrations

(PUFAs)

have

oil).

into

at entry

the

study

(10).

(1-3). In this respect, the saturated have twice the cholesterol-raising

has in lowering

it; hence,

(4) is used

to predict

the “2S-P”

fatty acids influence as

lesterolemic

in its action

It has also been

needs

atherosclerosis

a change

in eicosanoid

possesses

cholesterol olemic The

that

in rabbits,

Because

bleached,

fat

in the

expected

and

diet

of the

to have

lipoprotein

fraction

enters

the

deodorized

dence

Subjects

that

palm

(14:0),

fatty

form

acid

(10%)

the latter

Keys-Anderson

equa-

that although palm oil is 50% principal hypercholesterolemic

saturated, fatty acid,

as emphasized

acid,

palmitic

hypercholesterolemic

acids

“obeys”

the

Participants noteworthy < 2% ofthe

acid

saturated

oil actually

than

the remaining and

oleic

terol

concentrations

high

levels

Am J C/in Nutr

199l;53:

myristic (40%);

acid

1015S-20S.

(5).

it was

are in lowering

in the

was

made

monoene-rich

Printed

in USA.

this palm

Lumpur.

Because

study olein,

inhibits

human practices.

hepatic

food

palm

system

olein,

consumed to constitute (14),

and

on serum

and

is

thus

is

cholesterol

information

volunteers

as

which

in this manthe major

in the latter

compares the effects RBD corn oil, on

cooking

state

a hypocholester-

Malaysian

influence

not

(TXA2 )-proscommunication),

of Malaysians

in healthy

of diets enserum lipid RBD

coconut

methods

in the

lation, comprising technology training

Kuala

majority

oil does

study

were

adults undergoing at the Institute

A total

selected

from

a hostel

popu-

2 y of medical-laboratoryfor Medical Research (IMR),

of 123 volunteers

of both

sexes

was

to be less

Unsaturated

oil, being

the exchange

PUFAs

et al (5). Its major

is thought

recently,

as PUFAs

when

of residual

(16:0),

50% ofpalm

acid

is as effective

by Hcgsted

acid

of these

by inducing

that

(RBD)

concentrations.

and

tion. It is also it contains

of

a less thrombotic

of producing

an important

area is incomplete, riched with RBD

Subjects

in

most

palm

thromboxane personal

capable

effect (1 1, 12). bulk of palm oil

dietary

toward

plasma Hornstra,

a tocotrienol-rich

humans induced by changes in dietary fats. It is important to point out that palm oil alone was never used in the feeding trials of Keys et al (4) and to date, there is still no experimental cvi-

responses

it has

in these studies plasma con-

is antithrombotic

production

biosynthesis

concentrations

in the Keys-Anderson

cholesterol

However,

confirmation.

demonstrated

promote

usual

serum

safflower-

studies were not specifically designed to investigate palm oil, the implication that palm oil may actually be somewhat hypocho-

oil during

equation

than

oil,

concentrations

centrations

and

a hypocho-

corn

cholesterol

used mainly as a cooking oil ( 13). When ncr, RBD palm olein has been reported

Introduction

myristic

conducted

respective palm-oil periods lower than the corresponding

refined,

PUFA

higher

polyunsaturated

as indicated by a reduced tacyclin (PGI2) ratio (G

1991;53:lOl5S-20S.

olein,

(1, 6-9)

in the investigations,

the subjects after the were, in fact, 7-38%

and

KEY

studies

included

seed

-42%) and the HDL cholesterol respectively. Whereas the entry

oil. Serum triglycerides were period but were significantly

oil was

II, coconut-

did

three groups. Subsequent feeding of palm olein or corn oil significantly reduced the total cholesterol (19%, -36%), the LDL cholesterol (-20%, -26%) concentrations,

palm palm

all three

entry-level values, concentration

of

of healthy I received

matched groups 20-34 y). Group

diet

R ishak

oil supplying

III, coconut

periods. Compared with the serum total cholesterol

Lye,

of a palm-oil

fatty

mainly

linoleic

suggested

serum with diet

that

cholesrelatively (6, 7).

© 1991 American

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/53/4/1015S/4715077 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 10 April 2018

I

From

the Institute

2

Supported

for Medical

by a research

grant

Research,

Kuala

Lumpur,

provided

by the Palm

Malaysia. Oil Research

Institute of Malaysia. 3 Address reprints to TKW Ng, Division ofHuman Nutrition, for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Society

for Clinical

Nutrition

Institute

lOl5S

lOl6S

NG

screened by the use of biochemical examination, and a questionnaire

family

medical

volunteers

history

tests on serum, a medical that sought information on

and individual

comprising

6 1 males

dietary

and

22

habits.

females

Finally,

83

between

the

pressure

34 y were selected on the basis of the following 1) normolipidemic: total cholesterol < 6.20 triglycerides < 2.26 mmol/L; 2) normotensive: systolic < 140 mm Hg, diastolic pressure < 90 mm Hg; 3) non-

diabetic

and

ET

AL during the proportion absolute were

study. of the

All plate wastes food served and

amounts.

Individual

computed

by the

were visually subsequently

dietary

Vax

1 1/730

intakes

estimated translated

as a into

for the entire

study

computer.

ages of 20 and inclusion

criteria:

mmol/L,

orders weight

free

from

cardiac,

hepatic,

as certified by a physician; (ie, body mass index (BMI)

to adhere

to the dietary

renal,

4)

possessed 26 kg/m2);