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Surveillance
Surveillance northern ireland disease surveillance report
Northern Ireland disease surveillance report, July to September 2013 l Lungworm in calves l Lymphosarcoma in a cow l Larval paramphistomosis in ewes l Pulmonary abscessation as a sequel to lungworm infection in a ewe l Avian polyoma virus in an Amazon parrot These are among matters discussed in the Northern Ireland animal disease surveillance quarterly report for July to September 2013 On gross examination, severe septal emphysema and patchy consolidation was seen Respiratory disease was identified throughout the caudoventral and in 52 cattle postmortem caudodorsal lung lobes and there submissions between July and were multiple pale, firm nodules September 2013. The most less than 0.5 mm in diameter common pathogens identified throughout the pulmonary included parasitic husk (16 cases), parenchyma. Histological Mycoplasma bovis (nine cases), examination of the lungs showed Pasteurella multocida (three cases), the presence of pyogranulomatous Haemophilus somnus (two cases) and lesions surrounding branching, Mannheimia haemolytica (two cases). radiating, eosinophilic colonies Parasitic pneumonia was with morphology typical of diagnosed in several cases during Actinobaccillus lignieresi. Periodic the period with submissions acid Schiff-stained sections were beginning in July. The age FIG 1: Dissolving high calcium bolus in the larynx of a dairy cow negative for the presence of of animals presented for fungal hyphae and a diagnosis of postmortem examination ranged (IBR), Trueperella pyogenes and M bovis pneumonia due to A lignieresi infection was from six months to two years. In one case infection was diagnosed by gross made. the husk was complicated by a secondary postmortem examination and histology infection with P multocida and, in another, in a 12-month-old bullock submitted Acute bovine respiratory distress Salmonella Dublin was recovered from the from a herd undergoing an outbreak of syndrome lungs of a six-month-old heifer affected with pneumonia. It was noted that, in this case, Bronchiolitis obliterans with hyalinisation, husk. Overall, during the third quarter of the immunofluorescence testing for the presence epithelialisation, bronchiolar smooth year, 248 bovine faecal samples were tested of IBR was negative. This was possibly muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy with for the presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus due to the animal examined being in the petechiation were seen on histological larvae and, of these, 28 (11.0 per cent) were postviraemic stage of the infection. examination of lung tissue submitted from positive. When negative results were found,
Cattle
Respiratory diseases
the veterinary practitioners involved were cautioned about the importance of prepatent infection in outbreaks of lungworm disease. Necrotising bronchopneumonia and pulmonary abscessation due to combined infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Pneumonia due to Actinobacillus infection A seven-year-old bull with a history of respiratory distress died and was submitted for postmortem examination.
This summary has been compiled by the Veterinary Sciences Division of the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute of Northern Ireland (AFBI), and is based on diagnostic submissions to the AFBI’s veterinary laboratories at Stormont, Belfast and Omagh, County Tyrone. The AFBI operates a farm animal disease surveillance service on behalf of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland
a two-year-old bull which died in acute respiratory distress. The histology was considered to be consistent with acute bovine respiratory distress syndrome. It was noted that this condition occurs in cattle aged two years or over and is commonly referred to as ‘fog fever’.
Laryngeal obstruction in a dairy cow A five-year-old dairy cow was submitted with a history of sudden death after calving and immediately following the administration of a high calcium bolus. At postmortem examination there November 16, 2013 | Veterinary Record | 469
Downloaded from http://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/ on June 23, 2015 - Published by group.bmj.com
Surveillance TABLE 1: Pathogens identified in neonatal bovine faecal samples in Northern Ireland, July to September 2013 Number Pathogen
Tested
Positive (per cent)
Cryptosporidium species
159
44 (27.7 per cent)
Rotavirus
153
27 (17.6 per cent)
Coronavirus
152
4 (2.6 per cent)
Escherichia coli K99
56
4 (7.1per cent)
was a dissolving bolus of white chalky material obstructing the larynx (Fig 1) and a diagnosis of death due to laryngeal obstruction by a high calcium content bolus was made.
Alimentary diseases Of 2294 blood samples that were tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) by virus isolation or antigen capture ELISA, 223 (9.7 per cent) were positive. In addition, five of 308 (1.6 per cent) submitted tissue and nasal mucus samples were positive by immunofluorescence. Seven cases of mucosal disease were confirmed at postmortem examination during this period.
Right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus A seven-year-old dairy cow was submitted with a history of illthrift followed by sudden death. At postmortem examination, right displacement (RDA) lateral to the liver and rotation of the abomasum on its mesenteric axis was seen. It was noted that abomasal volvulus can develop slowly from an uncorrected RDA and that this was the case in this instance. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning due to ingestion of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) was diagnosed in a 27-month-old bullock and a 15-month-old bullock submitted
TABLE 2: Endoparasitic infections in ruminants in Northern Ireland, July to September 2013 Total Liver fluke Bovine 1113 Ovine 451 Paramphistomes Bovine 1116 Ovine 450 Coccidia Bovine 1221 Ovine 490 Strongyle worm egg count 1208 Bovine Ovine 485
Number negative
Number with
Surveillance
Surveillance northern ireland disease surveillance report
Northern Ireland disease surveillance report, July to September 2013 l Lungworm in calves l Lymphosarcoma in a cow l Larval paramphistomosis in ewes l Pulmonary abscessation as a sequel to lungworm infection in a ewe l Avian polyoma virus in an Amazon parrot These are among matters discussed in the Northern Ireland animal disease surveillance quarterly report for July to September 2013 On gross examination, severe septal emphysema and patchy consolidation was seen Respiratory disease was identified throughout the caudoventral and in 52 cattle postmortem caudodorsal lung lobes and there submissions between July and were multiple pale, firm nodules September 2013. The most less than 0.5 mm in diameter common pathogens identified throughout the pulmonary included parasitic husk (16 cases), parenchyma. Histological Mycoplasma bovis (nine cases), examination of the lungs showed Pasteurella multocida (three cases), the presence of pyogranulomatous Haemophilus somnus (two cases) and lesions surrounding branching, Mannheimia haemolytica (two cases). radiating, eosinophilic colonies Parasitic pneumonia was with morphology typical of diagnosed in several cases during Actinobaccillus lignieresi. Periodic the period with submissions acid Schiff-stained sections were beginning in July. The age FIG 1: Dissolving high calcium bolus in the larynx of a dairy cow negative for the presence of of animals presented for fungal hyphae and a diagnosis of postmortem examination ranged (IBR), Trueperella pyogenes and M bovis pneumonia due to A lignieresi infection was from six months to two years. In one case infection was diagnosed by gross made. the husk was complicated by a secondary postmortem examination and histology infection with P multocida and, in another, in a 12-month-old bullock submitted Acute bovine respiratory distress Salmonella Dublin was recovered from the from a herd undergoing an outbreak of syndrome lungs of a six-month-old heifer affected with pneumonia. It was noted that, in this case, Bronchiolitis obliterans with hyalinisation, husk. Overall, during the third quarter of the immunofluorescence testing for the presence epithelialisation, bronchiolar smooth year, 248 bovine faecal samples were tested of IBR was negative. This was possibly muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy with for the presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus due to the animal examined being in the petechiation were seen on histological larvae and, of these, 28 (11.0 per cent) were postviraemic stage of the infection. examination of lung tissue submitted from positive. When negative results were found,
Cattle
Respiratory diseases
the veterinary practitioners involved were cautioned about the importance of prepatent infection in outbreaks of lungworm disease. Necrotising bronchopneumonia and pulmonary abscessation due to combined infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Pneumonia due to Actinobacillus infection A seven-year-old bull with a history of respiratory distress died and was submitted for postmortem examination.
This summary has been compiled by the Veterinary Sciences Division of the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute of Northern Ireland (AFBI), and is based on diagnostic submissions to the AFBI’s veterinary laboratories at Stormont, Belfast and Omagh, County Tyrone. The AFBI operates a farm animal disease surveillance service on behalf of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland
a two-year-old bull which died in acute respiratory distress. The histology was considered to be consistent with acute bovine respiratory distress syndrome. It was noted that this condition occurs in cattle aged two years or over and is commonly referred to as ‘fog fever’.
Laryngeal obstruction in a dairy cow A five-year-old dairy cow was submitted with a history of sudden death after calving and immediately following the administration of a high calcium bolus. At postmortem examination there November 16, 2013 | Veterinary Record | 469
Downloaded from http://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/ on June 23, 2015 - Published by group.bmj.com
Surveillance TABLE 1: Pathogens identified in neonatal bovine faecal samples in Northern Ireland, July to September 2013 Number Pathogen
Tested
Positive (per cent)
Cryptosporidium species
159
44 (27.7 per cent)
Rotavirus
153
27 (17.6 per cent)
Coronavirus
152
4 (2.6 per cent)
Escherichia coli K99
56
4 (7.1per cent)
was a dissolving bolus of white chalky material obstructing the larynx (Fig 1) and a diagnosis of death due to laryngeal obstruction by a high calcium content bolus was made.
Alimentary diseases Of 2294 blood samples that were tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) by virus isolation or antigen capture ELISA, 223 (9.7 per cent) were positive. In addition, five of 308 (1.6 per cent) submitted tissue and nasal mucus samples were positive by immunofluorescence. Seven cases of mucosal disease were confirmed at postmortem examination during this period.
Right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus A seven-year-old dairy cow was submitted with a history of illthrift followed by sudden death. At postmortem examination, right displacement (RDA) lateral to the liver and rotation of the abomasum on its mesenteric axis was seen. It was noted that abomasal volvulus can develop slowly from an uncorrected RDA and that this was the case in this instance. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning due to ingestion of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) was diagnosed in a 27-month-old bullock and a 15-month-old bullock submitted
TABLE 2: Endoparasitic infections in ruminants in Northern Ireland, July to September 2013 Total Liver fluke Bovine 1113 Ovine 451 Paramphistomes Bovine 1116 Ovine 450 Coccidia Bovine 1221 Ovine 490 Strongyle worm egg count 1208 Bovine Ovine 485
Number negative
Number with
