The Journal of Nutrition. First published ahead of print April 1, 2015 as doi: 10.3945/jn.114.200758. The Journal of Nutrition Supplement–Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE): Proceedings
Nutrition and Metabolic Correlates of Obesity and Inflammation: Clinical Considerations1–3 Amy R Johnson3 and Liza Makowski3,4* 3 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and 4School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Abstract Since 1980, the global prevalence of obesity has doubled; in the United States, it has almost tripled. Billions of people are overweight and obese; the WHO reports that >65% of the worldÕs population die of diseases related to overweight rather than underweight. Obesity is a complex disease that can be studied from ‘‘metropolis to metabolite’’—that is, beginning at the policy and the population level through epidemiology and intervention studies; to bench work including preclinical models, tissue, and cell culture studies; to biochemical assays; and to metabolomics. Metabolomics is the next research frontier because it provides a real-time snapshot of biochemical building blocks and products of cellular processes. This report comments on practical considerations when conducting metabolomics research. The pros and cons and important study design concerns are addressed to aid in increasing metabolomics research in the United States. The link between metabolism and inflammation is an understudied phenomenon that has great potential to transform our understanding of immunometabolism in obesity, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases; metabolomics promises to be an important tool in understanding the complex relations between factors contributing to such diseases. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.114.200758.
Keywords:
metabolomics, obesity, diabetes, high-fat diet, macrophage
Obesity and Inflammation Over the past 30 y, the prevalence of obesity has increased epidemically in both Western nations and in developing countries, with little hope for effective treatments on the horizon (1, 2). More than one-third of adults and almost 1 in 5 children in
1 Presented at The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) meeting, held at the NIH in Bethesda, MD, 28–30 November 2012. INSPIRE is housed under the parent Iron and Malaria Project, which receives its core funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. The views expressed are those of the authors. The Supplement Coordinator for this supplement was Fayrouz A Sakr Ashour. Supplement Coordinator disclosures: no conflicts of interest. This supplement is the responsibility of the Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement was Kevin L Schalinske. Guest Editor disclosure: no conflicts of interest. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. 2 ARJ was supported by National Research Service Award F32H117616 (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). LM was supported by the University of North Carolina (UNC) University Cancer Research Fund and NIH grants AA017376, ES019472, and R21CA180134. 3 Author disclosures: AR Johnson and L Makowski, no conflicts of interest. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: liza.makowski@unc. edu.
the United States are obese. Globally, the WHO estimates that 500 million adults and almost 43 million children
Nutrition and Metabolic Correlates of Obesity and Inflammation: Clinical Considerations1–3 Amy R Johnson3 and Liza Makowski3,4* 3 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and 4School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Abstract Since 1980, the global prevalence of obesity has doubled; in the United States, it has almost tripled. Billions of people are overweight and obese; the WHO reports that >65% of the worldÕs population die of diseases related to overweight rather than underweight. Obesity is a complex disease that can be studied from ‘‘metropolis to metabolite’’—that is, beginning at the policy and the population level through epidemiology and intervention studies; to bench work including preclinical models, tissue, and cell culture studies; to biochemical assays; and to metabolomics. Metabolomics is the next research frontier because it provides a real-time snapshot of biochemical building blocks and products of cellular processes. This report comments on practical considerations when conducting metabolomics research. The pros and cons and important study design concerns are addressed to aid in increasing metabolomics research in the United States. The link between metabolism and inflammation is an understudied phenomenon that has great potential to transform our understanding of immunometabolism in obesity, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases; metabolomics promises to be an important tool in understanding the complex relations between factors contributing to such diseases. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.114.200758.
Keywords:
metabolomics, obesity, diabetes, high-fat diet, macrophage
Obesity and Inflammation Over the past 30 y, the prevalence of obesity has increased epidemically in both Western nations and in developing countries, with little hope for effective treatments on the horizon (1, 2). More than one-third of adults and almost 1 in 5 children in
1 Presented at The Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) meeting, held at the NIH in Bethesda, MD, 28–30 November 2012. INSPIRE is housed under the parent Iron and Malaria Project, which receives its core funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. The views expressed are those of the authors. The Supplement Coordinator for this supplement was Fayrouz A Sakr Ashour. Supplement Coordinator disclosures: no conflicts of interest. This supplement is the responsibility of the Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement was Kevin L Schalinske. Guest Editor disclosure: no conflicts of interest. Publication costs for this supplement were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal of Nutrition. 2 ARJ was supported by National Research Service Award F32H117616 (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). LM was supported by the University of North Carolina (UNC) University Cancer Research Fund and NIH grants AA017376, ES019472, and R21CA180134. 3 Author disclosures: AR Johnson and L Makowski, no conflicts of interest. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: liza.makowski@unc. edu.
the United States are obese. Globally, the WHO estimates that 500 million adults and almost 43 million children
