editor: Robert
B. Bradfield,
J.D.,
international
Ph.D.
nutrition
Leena Veikko
R#{228}s#{224}nen,4 Lic.Sc.,
Maija
N#{228}ntO,7M.D.,
Antti
on
In
the
variables. in
serum The
Finland.
modification
material
with
consisted
cholesterol
of the
p-toluenesulfonic
recall
method
For
analysis, groups ±
and
The serum 1 .04, and 6.08 Of
(286
mgJlOO
ml)
body
weight.
or systolic
the
or more.
be associated with fats in the diet.
age
Serum or diastolic
mmole/liter
10%
had
cholesterol
American
Journal
of Clinical
into
cholesterol
pressure.
was
High
Nutrition
not
cholesterol
other
districts
samples
using low,
by
food
by
a the
composition
medium,
and
high
1 3 year olds were
6.03
and
235
±
of 7.4
correlated
39 mg/l00 mmole/liter
with
sex,
concentrations a high
carried
and
investigated
concentrations
habits and especially with 31: 1050-1056, 1978.
.
The
results
concentration
blood
traditional dietary Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
these
classified
was
14 local
serum was
of the 5 , 9 , and ± 40, 238 ± 40,
(233
serum
from
venous
consumption
from were
a study to dietary
13 years
nonfasted Food
concentrations
the world’s highest mortality heart disease In the light of a large scale epidemiological study comprising seven countries (1), this has been suggested to be associated with, among other factors, a heavy consumption of saturated fats and high serum cholesterol levels. Gross differences in the proportion and type of fat in the diet correlate with differences in the serum cholesterol concentration also in childhood (2-6). Serum cholesterol concentrations can be lowered by dietary means in adolescence (7). Altering dietary habits from childhood onwards to control serum cholesterol levels in the hope of delaying or preventing the development of coronary heart disease has been suggested (8, 9). On the other hand, it has been proposed that such dietary modifications should only be applied to those children who are genetically predisposed to atherosclerosis (10, 11).
1050
from
1.01
in Finland its relationship
5, 9, and
ages
group
cholesterol ±
and
reaction.
M.D.
nutrition
determined
each
M.D.,
Hallman,9
of child
determined
intakes
children
Nub
children
acid in
Kantero,6
in childhood
of 1496
nutrient
.
respectively.
and a survey
was
children
ml),
Finland has from coronary
Riitta-Liisa
concentration
Total
tables.
6.16
connection
cholesterol
24-hr
cholesterol ± 1 .03,
M.D.,
Ahlstr#{246}m,8 D.Sc.,
ABSTRACT out
Wilska,5
relative
appeared
proportion
to
of saturated
For
these reasons information on the Secholesterol concentrations of Finnish children would be of special interest, but so far no reports have been published. An opportunity of studying this subject was provided in connection with a survey of child nutrition in Finland (12).
rum
Materials The
and methods
field
(communes) summers
of
From
1
study
was carried
the Department
Hospital, University 2Supported by
Agriculture 3Address
out
in 14 local
of Nutrition,
of Helsinki, the National
and Children’s
Helsinki Research
and Forestry in Finland. reprint requests to:
,
Leena
Lic.Sc., Department of Nutrition, University sinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 , Finland. 4 Research Assistant. “ Pediatrician.
ant of 9
Professor Clinical
Professor
31
JUNE
districts
in different parts of Finland during the 1 970 and 1971 . The total material of the
of
Pediatrics.
Chemistry.
Associate “
Professor
Finland. Council
for
Rasanen, of 6
Hel-
Assist-
Professor of
Nutrition.
of Pediatrics.
1978,
pp.
1050-1056.
Printed
in U .S.A.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/31/6/1050/4650647 by East Carolina University user on 13 January 2019
Nutrition survey of Finnish rural children. IV. Serum cholesterol values in relation to dietary variables3
NUTRITION survey years.
consisted of The organization
data
of the
1658
children,
SURVEY
OF
FINNISH
children ages 5, 9, and of the project, the background
and
the
results
of the
13
physical
All blood ing clot
fast. at
samples
were
Venous blood room temperature
centrifuging
and
The specimens collection and
The
obtained
was
collected
Sera in a bqx
were frozen stored at -20
were
a preced-
and
were
.
placed
determinations
without
containing within three C until analyzed.
to
performed
by
dry hours
at the
ice. of
labora-
tory of the Rehabilitation Examinations Center of the Social Insurance Institution, Turku. Total cholesterol was determined by a modification (13) of the p-toluenesulfonic acid reaction of Pearson et al. (14), using a
Turner
330
serum
spectrophotometer.
blanks
were
the respective
The
subtracted
from
absorbances
of
absorbances
of
the
analyses. All determinations were made Food consumption was assessed by the
in duplicate . 24-hr recall method calculated from this
foreign food data obtained
and energy information
and using
composition tables from manufacturers
Daily intakes ing categories: products; butter,
nutrient intakes the Finnish and
as well (15).
as analytical
of foods were recorded in the followmilk; sour milk; cheese; other milk margarine and oils; eggs; beef; pork;
other meat; internal organs and blood; sausages and other meat products; fish; rye; wheat; other cereal products; potatoes; roots; legumes and nuts; other vegetables; fruits and berries; sugar and candy; beverages; other foods (e.g., starch, yeast). The consumption of household butter, margarine,
The ents cium,
daily
intakes
The
fatty
mean
calculated
and acids
daily
each
age
according
creased wheat,
The
ascorbic
of foods
according
for oils.
the following
acid.
intakes
formed
values and
nutri-
fat, carbohydrate, equivalents,
cholesterol
group
The
calthiamin,
intakes
were
not
and nutrients
by classifying
to serum
of
deter-
x + SD. presentation
medium, Grouping
definite
differences to
age
these
(15).
in the composition The proportion
with age while those of household and beverages increased.
systolic
and
diastolic
blood
tion
(1 7).
The
significance
of
were
is indicated as follows: I 0.01
B. Bradfield,
J.D.,
international
Ph.D.
nutrition
Leena Veikko
R#{228}s#{224}nen,4 Lic.Sc.,
Maija
N#{228}ntO,7M.D.,
Antti
on
In
the
variables. in
serum The
Finland.
modification
material
with
consisted
cholesterol
of the
p-toluenesulfonic
recall
method
For
analysis, groups ±
and
The serum 1 .04, and 6.08 Of
(286
mgJlOO
ml)
body
weight.
or systolic
the
or more.
be associated with fats in the diet.
age
Serum or diastolic
mmole/liter
10%
had
cholesterol
American
Journal
of Clinical
into
cholesterol
pressure.
was
High
Nutrition
not
cholesterol
other
districts
samples
using low,
by
food
by
a the
composition
medium,
and
high
1 3 year olds were
6.03
and
235
±
of 7.4
correlated
39 mg/l00 mmole/liter
with
sex,
concentrations a high
carried
and
investigated
concentrations
habits and especially with 31: 1050-1056, 1978.
.
The
results
concentration
blood
traditional dietary Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
these
classified
was
14 local
serum was
of the 5 , 9 , and ± 40, 238 ± 40,
(233
serum
from
venous
consumption
from were
a study to dietary
13 years
nonfasted Food
concentrations
the world’s highest mortality heart disease In the light of a large scale epidemiological study comprising seven countries (1), this has been suggested to be associated with, among other factors, a heavy consumption of saturated fats and high serum cholesterol levels. Gross differences in the proportion and type of fat in the diet correlate with differences in the serum cholesterol concentration also in childhood (2-6). Serum cholesterol concentrations can be lowered by dietary means in adolescence (7). Altering dietary habits from childhood onwards to control serum cholesterol levels in the hope of delaying or preventing the development of coronary heart disease has been suggested (8, 9). On the other hand, it has been proposed that such dietary modifications should only be applied to those children who are genetically predisposed to atherosclerosis (10, 11).
1050
from
1.01
in Finland its relationship
5, 9, and
ages
group
cholesterol ±
and
reaction.
M.D.
nutrition
determined
each
M.D.,
Hallman,9
of child
determined
intakes
children
Nub
children
acid in
Kantero,6
in childhood
of 1496
nutrient
.
respectively.
and a survey
was
children
ml),
Finland has from coronary
Riitta-Liisa
concentration
Total
tables.
6.16
connection
cholesterol
24-hr
cholesterol ± 1 .03,
M.D.,
Ahlstr#{246}m,8 D.Sc.,
ABSTRACT out
Wilska,5
relative
appeared
proportion
to
of saturated
For
these reasons information on the Secholesterol concentrations of Finnish children would be of special interest, but so far no reports have been published. An opportunity of studying this subject was provided in connection with a survey of child nutrition in Finland (12).
rum
Materials The
and methods
field
(communes) summers
of
From
1
study
was carried
the Department
Hospital, University 2Supported by
Agriculture 3Address
out
in 14 local
of Nutrition,
of Helsinki, the National
and Children’s
Helsinki Research
and Forestry in Finland. reprint requests to:
,
Leena
Lic.Sc., Department of Nutrition, University sinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 , Finland. 4 Research Assistant. “ Pediatrician.
ant of 9
Professor Clinical
Professor
31
JUNE
districts
in different parts of Finland during the 1 970 and 1971 . The total material of the
of
Pediatrics.
Chemistry.
Associate “
Professor
Finland. Council
for
Rasanen, of 6
Hel-
Assist-
Professor of
Nutrition.
of Pediatrics.
1978,
pp.
1050-1056.
Printed
in U .S.A.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/31/6/1050/4650647 by East Carolina University user on 13 January 2019
Nutrition survey of Finnish rural children. IV. Serum cholesterol values in relation to dietary variables3
NUTRITION survey years.
consisted of The organization
data
of the
1658
children,
SURVEY
OF
FINNISH
children ages 5, 9, and of the project, the background
and
the
results
of the
13
physical
All blood ing clot
fast. at
samples
were
Venous blood room temperature
centrifuging
and
The specimens collection and
The
obtained
was
collected
Sera in a bqx
were frozen stored at -20
were
a preced-
and
were
.
placed
determinations
without
containing within three C until analyzed.
to
performed
by
dry hours
at the
ice. of
labora-
tory of the Rehabilitation Examinations Center of the Social Insurance Institution, Turku. Total cholesterol was determined by a modification (13) of the p-toluenesulfonic acid reaction of Pearson et al. (14), using a
Turner
330
serum
spectrophotometer.
blanks
were
the respective
The
subtracted
from
absorbances
of
absorbances
of
the
analyses. All determinations were made Food consumption was assessed by the
in duplicate . 24-hr recall method calculated from this
foreign food data obtained
and energy information
and using
composition tables from manufacturers
Daily intakes ing categories: products; butter,
nutrient intakes the Finnish and
as well (15).
as analytical
of foods were recorded in the followmilk; sour milk; cheese; other milk margarine and oils; eggs; beef; pork;
other meat; internal organs and blood; sausages and other meat products; fish; rye; wheat; other cereal products; potatoes; roots; legumes and nuts; other vegetables; fruits and berries; sugar and candy; beverages; other foods (e.g., starch, yeast). The consumption of household butter, margarine,
The ents cium,
daily
intakes
The
fatty
mean
calculated
and acids
daily
each
age
according
creased wheat,
The
ascorbic
of foods
according
for oils.
the following
acid.
intakes
formed
values and
nutri-
fat, carbohydrate, equivalents,
cholesterol
group
The
calthiamin,
intakes
were
not
and nutrients
by classifying
to serum
of
deter-
x + SD. presentation
medium, Grouping
definite
differences to
age
these
(15).
in the composition The proportion
with age while those of household and beverages increased.
systolic
and
diastolic
blood
tion
(1 7).
The
significance
of
were
is indicated as follows: I 0.01
