REVIEW URRENT C OPINION
Nutritional imbalances linking cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes mellitus Roberto Testa a, Stefano Genovese b, and Antonio Ceriello c,d
Purpose of review Quality of nutrition plays a central role in illnesses such as diabetes and its complications. Dietary and lifestyle habits may have a strong impact, either worsening or improving the evolution of diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as obesity, worsen the illness, causing chronic inflammation, lipid metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk for thrombosis, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cellular senescence. Some other nutritional components, however, have an opposite effect, probably increasing antioxidant defense. Recent findings The effects of nutritional factors on cellular senescence in diabetic patients are described in this review. In particular, we discuss some of the nutritional causes of cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus and focus on different nutraceutical compounds that can affect cellular senescence. Furthermore, relevant mechanisms of action are also described. Summary Diet and nutraceutical factors have important effects on diabetes mellitus. Some molecules, which improve antioxidant defense, may counteract cellular senescence. A good lifestyle with physical activity and good weight control can improve the quality of life in diabetic people; on the contrary, obesity and vitamin deficiencies may worsen the evolution of this illness, even inducing cellular senescence. Keywords cellular senescence, diabetes mellitus, nutrition
INTRODUCTION Quality of nutrition plays a central role in preventing diabetes and its complications [1]. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain, may be counteracted by diet. It is recommended that changes in lifestyle that induce body weight loss help in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications [2 ]. Dietary and lifestyle changes have been found to reduce the risk for premature coronary heart disease by 82%; also nutritional practices alone may reduce the risk by 60%. Different international societies have produced documents on lifestyle changes. For example, the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee defined the kind of diets and lifestyle goal to reduce cardiovascular risk. These recommendations include an overall healthy diet; a healthy body weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2); attainment of serum levels of optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; normal blood pressure; normal plasma glucose level (
Nutritional imbalances linking cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes mellitus Roberto Testa a, Stefano Genovese b, and Antonio Ceriello c,d
Purpose of review Quality of nutrition plays a central role in illnesses such as diabetes and its complications. Dietary and lifestyle habits may have a strong impact, either worsening or improving the evolution of diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as obesity, worsen the illness, causing chronic inflammation, lipid metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk for thrombosis, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cellular senescence. Some other nutritional components, however, have an opposite effect, probably increasing antioxidant defense. Recent findings The effects of nutritional factors on cellular senescence in diabetic patients are described in this review. In particular, we discuss some of the nutritional causes of cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus and focus on different nutraceutical compounds that can affect cellular senescence. Furthermore, relevant mechanisms of action are also described. Summary Diet and nutraceutical factors have important effects on diabetes mellitus. Some molecules, which improve antioxidant defense, may counteract cellular senescence. A good lifestyle with physical activity and good weight control can improve the quality of life in diabetic people; on the contrary, obesity and vitamin deficiencies may worsen the evolution of this illness, even inducing cellular senescence. Keywords cellular senescence, diabetes mellitus, nutrition
INTRODUCTION Quality of nutrition plays a central role in preventing diabetes and its complications [1]. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain, may be counteracted by diet. It is recommended that changes in lifestyle that induce body weight loss help in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications [2 ]. Dietary and lifestyle changes have been found to reduce the risk for premature coronary heart disease by 82%; also nutritional practices alone may reduce the risk by 60%. Different international societies have produced documents on lifestyle changes. For example, the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee defined the kind of diets and lifestyle goal to reduce cardiovascular risk. These recommendations include an overall healthy diet; a healthy body weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2); attainment of serum levels of optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; normal blood pressure; normal plasma glucose level (
