irregular granular leucocytes blood
masses
of
protoplasm and in healthy
of different kinds
assume
enormous
seen
proportions,
both
as
to
size, and constitute the most conspiobjects in stained specimens of malarial
number and cuous
blood;
so
much
so
indeed that
writer has
a
recent
American
another form
of pictured of Laveran. Yet lueinatozoon polymorphous there can be no question that they are nothing but exaggerated expressions of what is often them
as
the
?Itii Jutliait JJtoiliciil feiilk;. AUGUST 1892.
The
the and
we
study of cfficers serving
medical
exists between the
in India to
themselves the not-uudeserved
We refer
quiry.
on
the incentive which is thus these fevers Avill induce
trust that
offered to the
Another aspect of the subject suggests itself offers an almost inexhaustible field for in-
and
competition
is full pay in and Indian Medical Services,
Army, Navy,
there,
vestigation
The subject selected by the Committee of the Parke's Memorial Fund fort he next triennial ct Malarial Fevers, their prize is, we notice, open to executive medical officers
and it will be a part of the inof any who compete for this prize to elucidate, if possible, what that purpose is.
purpose
PARKE'S MEMORIAL PRIZE.
Causation and Prevention."
found in normal blood in temperate countries. Their enormous development in the anaemia of malaria suggests that they servo some important
remove
from
ran, and as
and
the
now
the close
analogy which by Lave-
described
organism apparently accepted everywhere
true
those
to
contagium
which
are
vivum
found
of
to swarm
blood of various animals without
malaria, in the
appearing
to
from
produce any morbid symptoms whatever. The htematozoon of Laveran, which appears to have entirely displaced the Palmella of Salisbury and
in
the bacillus of
reproach that sweeping on
while the tide of advance has been
discovery to discovery in other countries this very department of medicine, we in India
with unlimited material for mained
to a
great
; and while
eddy lookers, the only thy of quotation
extent
investigation
turning
have reround in our old
have rested content to be onIndian's names regarded wor-
we
as
those of Steel and
workers in this direction are Evans, who by their investi-
surra in mules and done for the horses, have Veterinary Department, what it is hoped the officers of the other services will now bestir themselves to do for
gations
into the nature of
them.
said
to
Klebs and Tommasi-Crudelli is chiefly in the form of bodies occupying the red blood-cor-
present itself
spherical puscles, and exhibiting amoeboid movements flngella, and as rosettes and crescents. Golgi
; as
and
three kinds, Grassi and Laveran himself is only two, iuclined to think that they are all forms of one single polymorphous sporozoon. Yet a morPietro Caualis admit Filletti
while
phologically indistinguishable flagellate organthe Tryponosoma sanguinis, and the Drepanidiuni Hanarum probably a gregarine larva, have been found in the blood of healthy ism,
subject, including as it must do, a far have also been reaching enquiry into the nature and relations of frogs. Similar hsematozoa in the fresh-water blood found of turtles in in the blood the malarial lizards, the organisms found in birds different the as the in such mud-fish, carp, cachexia, is one which presents no slight difficulThe
and the time, two and a half years, given for the submission of the essays is none too long. The use of high powers, and new methods of stain-
ties,
have revealed in
blood the presence such as of objects, Osier's bodies and Bezzozero's Platelets, whose presence was previously unsuspected, and whose function in the economy
ing
healthy
of the blood is still only in hot climates the small
conjectured ; while spherical bodies, of
and the
lark, and twenty years ago Lewis found them in the two common species of Indian rats, and Crookshank finds them in 25 p.c. of the
jay
It is with the latter, those found in rats, that the hjematozoon, which is apparently the cause of surra in horses rats of
England
and mules is
and
most
Europe.
closely related.
Speaking
at
Sanitary Conference in London last year, Laveran admitted the close analogy between the the
Aug.
1892.]
SANITARY COMMISSIONER'S ANNUAL REPORT.
.
organisms found, apparently without evil effects, in the blood of these various animals and his own hasmatozoon malarias, but pointed out cerThus he said one never taiu notable differences. found the corps en croissant in the blood of birds, and iu them the whole existence of the parasites is passed within the blood corpuscles, whereas in malarial blood they are often found free in the serum, and the amoeboid movements of the spherical bodies is much more marked in malaSuch rial blood than in the blood of birds. differences are, however, of degree, and are just such as would be likely to depend on differences of medium, and there can be no question that
analogy is extremely close. Dr. Celli of Rome, expressed himself asfinding great difficulty
the in
the face of these
fact?,
and after his
own
researches in malarial districts in admitting the parasitic origin of malaria; and Dr. Crookshank, while he
thought that Laveran's observations tended to prove that the bodies he described were the cause of malarial fevers, pointed out that it should never be forgotten that-bodies in every point resembling them are found in the blood of healthy animals. With regard to the crescentic bodies described Laveran and Osier as seen within the red blood corpuscles as well as free in the serum of
by
malarial blood,there
are not
wanting
those who
they are merely the result of dein the red corpuscles themchanges generative assert that
selves, and there is no manner of doubt whatever that the deformities which the red corpuscles exhibit in all specimens of spanasmic blood and
especially in malarial spanasmiaby what is termed Poekilocytosis very frequently indeed give rise to appearances exactly resembling those figured
by Osier as crescentic malarial bodies. possible that the corps en croissant and the of Laveran are also to foldings and
en rosace
deceptive,
Is it
corps and due
puckerings of the corIf so, their absence in the blood of birds would_be accounted for. Then, again, it should be kept in mind that a thin layer of blood, such as that under examination
merely puscular envelopes
?
investigations first
of all coagulates, and then the fibrin contracts and gives rise to appearance which might very readily be mistaken for flagella radiating from a microcyte free in the serum; and the pictures drawn Osier are in these
by
very suggestive of such an origin for the late organisms described by him.
flagel-
The
object
241
ot these remarks is to show that
for fresh work in this field the of observations already made require confirmation in vital particulars, and that there are pitfalls in all directions from there is
ample enquiry ; that
which
we
escaped.
room
fear all recent workers in it have not
masses
of
protoplasm and in healthy
of different kinds
assume
enormous
seen
proportions,
both
as
to
size, and constitute the most conspiobjects in stained specimens of malarial
number and cuous
blood;
so
much
so
indeed that
writer has
a
recent
American
another form
of pictured of Laveran. Yet lueinatozoon polymorphous there can be no question that they are nothing but exaggerated expressions of what is often them
as
the
?Itii Jutliait JJtoiliciil feiilk;. AUGUST 1892.
The
the and
we
study of cfficers serving
medical
exists between the
in India to
themselves the not-uudeserved
We refer
quiry.
on
the incentive which is thus these fevers Avill induce
trust that
offered to the
Another aspect of the subject suggests itself offers an almost inexhaustible field for in-
and
competition
is full pay in and Indian Medical Services,
Army, Navy,
there,
vestigation
The subject selected by the Committee of the Parke's Memorial Fund fort he next triennial ct Malarial Fevers, their prize is, we notice, open to executive medical officers
and it will be a part of the inof any who compete for this prize to elucidate, if possible, what that purpose is.
purpose
PARKE'S MEMORIAL PRIZE.
Causation and Prevention."
found in normal blood in temperate countries. Their enormous development in the anaemia of malaria suggests that they servo some important
remove
from
ran, and as
and
the
now
the close
analogy which by Lave-
described
organism apparently accepted everywhere
true
those
to
contagium
which
are
vivum
found
of
to swarm
blood of various animals without
malaria, in the
appearing
to
from
produce any morbid symptoms whatever. The htematozoon of Laveran, which appears to have entirely displaced the Palmella of Salisbury and
in
the bacillus of
reproach that sweeping on
while the tide of advance has been
discovery to discovery in other countries this very department of medicine, we in India
with unlimited material for mained
to a
great
; and while
eddy lookers, the only thy of quotation
extent
investigation
turning
have reround in our old
have rested content to be onIndian's names regarded wor-
we
as
those of Steel and
workers in this direction are Evans, who by their investi-
surra in mules and done for the horses, have Veterinary Department, what it is hoped the officers of the other services will now bestir themselves to do for
gations
into the nature of
them.
said
to
Klebs and Tommasi-Crudelli is chiefly in the form of bodies occupying the red blood-cor-
present itself
spherical puscles, and exhibiting amoeboid movements flngella, and as rosettes and crescents. Golgi
; as
and
three kinds, Grassi and Laveran himself is only two, iuclined to think that they are all forms of one single polymorphous sporozoon. Yet a morPietro Caualis admit Filletti
while
phologically indistinguishable flagellate organthe Tryponosoma sanguinis, and the Drepanidiuni Hanarum probably a gregarine larva, have been found in the blood of healthy ism,
subject, including as it must do, a far have also been reaching enquiry into the nature and relations of frogs. Similar hsematozoa in the fresh-water blood found of turtles in in the blood the malarial lizards, the organisms found in birds different the as the in such mud-fish, carp, cachexia, is one which presents no slight difficulThe
and the time, two and a half years, given for the submission of the essays is none too long. The use of high powers, and new methods of stain-
ties,
have revealed in
blood the presence such as of objects, Osier's bodies and Bezzozero's Platelets, whose presence was previously unsuspected, and whose function in the economy
ing
healthy
of the blood is still only in hot climates the small
conjectured ; while spherical bodies, of
and the
lark, and twenty years ago Lewis found them in the two common species of Indian rats, and Crookshank finds them in 25 p.c. of the
jay
It is with the latter, those found in rats, that the hjematozoon, which is apparently the cause of surra in horses rats of
England
and mules is
and
most
Europe.
closely related.
Speaking
at
Sanitary Conference in London last year, Laveran admitted the close analogy between the the
Aug.
1892.]
SANITARY COMMISSIONER'S ANNUAL REPORT.
.
organisms found, apparently without evil effects, in the blood of these various animals and his own hasmatozoon malarias, but pointed out cerThus he said one never taiu notable differences. found the corps en croissant in the blood of birds, and iu them the whole existence of the parasites is passed within the blood corpuscles, whereas in malarial blood they are often found free in the serum, and the amoeboid movements of the spherical bodies is much more marked in malaSuch rial blood than in the blood of birds. differences are, however, of degree, and are just such as would be likely to depend on differences of medium, and there can be no question that
analogy is extremely close. Dr. Celli of Rome, expressed himself asfinding great difficulty
the in
the face of these
fact?,
and after his
own
researches in malarial districts in admitting the parasitic origin of malaria; and Dr. Crookshank, while he
thought that Laveran's observations tended to prove that the bodies he described were the cause of malarial fevers, pointed out that it should never be forgotten that-bodies in every point resembling them are found in the blood of healthy animals. With regard to the crescentic bodies described Laveran and Osier as seen within the red blood corpuscles as well as free in the serum of
by
malarial blood,there
are not
wanting
those who
they are merely the result of dein the red corpuscles themchanges generative assert that
selves, and there is no manner of doubt whatever that the deformities which the red corpuscles exhibit in all specimens of spanasmic blood and
especially in malarial spanasmiaby what is termed Poekilocytosis very frequently indeed give rise to appearances exactly resembling those figured
by Osier as crescentic malarial bodies. possible that the corps en croissant and the of Laveran are also to foldings and
en rosace
deceptive,
Is it
corps and due
puckerings of the corIf so, their absence in the blood of birds would_be accounted for. Then, again, it should be kept in mind that a thin layer of blood, such as that under examination
merely puscular envelopes
?
investigations first
of all coagulates, and then the fibrin contracts and gives rise to appearance which might very readily be mistaken for flagella radiating from a microcyte free in the serum; and the pictures drawn Osier are in these
by
very suggestive of such an origin for the late organisms described by him.
flagel-
The
object
241
ot these remarks is to show that
for fresh work in this field the of observations already made require confirmation in vital particulars, and that there are pitfalls in all directions from there is
ample enquiry ; that
which
we
escaped.
room
fear all recent workers in it have not
