Journal of Periodontology; Copyright 2015
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150120
Periodontal Inflammatory Conditions Among Smokers and NeverSmokers With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Fawad Javed,* Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif,† Karem Salazar-Lazo,* Virginia Yanez-Fontenla,* Khalid M. Aldosary,‡ Mohammed Alshehri,‡ Hans Malmstrom,* Georgios E. Romanos‖ * Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. † Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ‡ Dental Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. § Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY. Background: There is a dearth of studies regarding the influence of cigarette smoking on periodontal inflammatory conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to assess periodontal inflammatory conditions among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. Methods: One hundred individuals (50 patients with T2DM [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers] and 50 controls [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers]) were included. Information regarding age, gender, duration and daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of diabetes and oral hygiene was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment [CA] loss and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also recorded. Results: Mean age, monthly income status and education levels were comparable among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. Mean HbA1c Levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM (8.2±0.1%) compared to controls (4.4±0.3%) (P
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150120
Periodontal Inflammatory Conditions Among Smokers and NeverSmokers With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Fawad Javed,* Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif,† Karem Salazar-Lazo,* Virginia Yanez-Fontenla,* Khalid M. Aldosary,‡ Mohammed Alshehri,‡ Hans Malmstrom,* Georgios E. Romanos‖ * Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. † Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ‡ Dental Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. § Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY. Background: There is a dearth of studies regarding the influence of cigarette smoking on periodontal inflammatory conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to assess periodontal inflammatory conditions among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. Methods: One hundred individuals (50 patients with T2DM [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers] and 50 controls [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers]) were included. Information regarding age, gender, duration and daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of diabetes and oral hygiene was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment [CA] loss and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also recorded. Results: Mean age, monthly income status and education levels were comparable among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. Mean HbA1c Levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM (8.2±0.1%) compared to controls (4.4±0.3%) (P
