Journal of Periodontology; Copyright 2015
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140556
Periodontal Parameters and Whole Salivary Cytokine Profile Among Habitual Gutka-Chewers and Non-Chewers Fawad Javed,* Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif,† Mohammad D. Al Amri,‡ Toshinari Mikami,§ Fahim Vohra,‡‖ Saman Warnakulasuriya,¶ Georgios E. Romanos# *
Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
†
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ‡
§
Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Oral Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwa-gun Iwate, Japan. ‖Division
of Dentistry, Jinah Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
¶
Department of Oral Medicine, King’s College London, and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London, UK. #
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
Background: Whole salivary interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka-chewers and non-chewers (controls) has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess clinical periodontal parameters and whole salivary IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka-chewers and controls. Methods: Forty-five gutka-chewers and 45 controls were included. Demographic information regarding age, gender, duration and daily frequency of gutka chewing, duration of gutka placement in the mouth and daily tooth brushing habits were collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD]>3mm, clinical attachment (CA) loss, marginal bone loss [MBL]) and number of missing teeth were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) was determined. Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-8 and MMP-9 were measured in UWS using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: PI [P
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140556
Periodontal Parameters and Whole Salivary Cytokine Profile Among Habitual Gutka-Chewers and Non-Chewers Fawad Javed,* Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif,† Mohammad D. Al Amri,‡ Toshinari Mikami,§ Fahim Vohra,‡‖ Saman Warnakulasuriya,¶ Georgios E. Romanos# *
Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
†
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ‡
§
Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Oral Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Nishitokuta Yahaba-cho Shiwa-gun Iwate, Japan. ‖Division
of Dentistry, Jinah Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
¶
Department of Oral Medicine, King’s College London, and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London, UK. #
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
Background: Whole salivary interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka-chewers and non-chewers (controls) has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess clinical periodontal parameters and whole salivary IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka-chewers and controls. Methods: Forty-five gutka-chewers and 45 controls were included. Demographic information regarding age, gender, duration and daily frequency of gutka chewing, duration of gutka placement in the mouth and daily tooth brushing habits were collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD]>3mm, clinical attachment (CA) loss, marginal bone loss [MBL]) and number of missing teeth were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) was determined. Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-8 and MMP-9 were measured in UWS using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: PI [P
