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Postprandial glycaemia and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by aqueous extract from Coriandrum sativum a

b

c

F. Brindis , M. González-Andrade , M.E. González-Trujano , S. d

ae

Estrada-Soto & R. Villalobos-Molina a

Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios SuperioresIztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, México 54090, México b

Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, C.P. 04510, México c

Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales de la Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, México 14370, México d

Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, México e

Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México Published online: 16 May 2014.

To cite this article: F. Brindis, M. González-Andrade, M.E. González-Trujano, S. Estrada-Soto & R. Villalobos-Molina (2014) Postprandial glycaemia and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by aqueous extract from Coriandrum sativum, Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters, 28:22, 2021-2025, DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.917414 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.917414

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Natural Product Research, 2014 Vol. 28, No. 22, 2021–2025, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.917414

SHORT COMMUNICATION Postprandial glycaemia and inhibition of a-glucosidase activity by aqueous extract from Coriandrum sativum F. Brindisa*, M. Gonza´lez-Andradeb, M.E. Gonza´lez-Trujanoc, S. Estrada-Sotod and R. Villalobos-Molinaae

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a

Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Me´xico 54090, Me´xico; bFacultad de Quı´mica, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico (UNAM), Ciudad de Me´xico, Distrito Federal C.P. 04510, Me´xico; cLaboratorio de Neurofarmacologı´a de Productos Naturales de la Direccio´n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatrı´a Ramo´n de la Fuente Mun˜iz, Calz. Me´xico-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Me´xico 14370, Me´xico; dFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad Auto´noma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Me´xico; eInstituto de Ciencias Biome´dicas, Universidad Auto´noma de Ciudad Jua´rez, Ciudad Jua´rez, Chihuahua 32310, Me´xico (Received 17 February 2014; final version received 18 April 2014) The antihyperglycaemic properties of the aqueous extract from the leaves and stems of Coriandrum sativum L. were evaluated in normoglycaemic rats, and on a-glucosidase activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in order to validate its use in folk medicine. In in vivo experiments rats were administered with the aqueous extract of the plant at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg, to observe the effect on oral sucrose tolerance test. The aqueous extract exhibited significant antihyperglycaemic activity at the three tested doses. In vitro experiments with a-glucosidase exhibited a competitive-type inhibition. These results confirm the antidiabetic properties of the extract of C. sativum L., probably by the inhibition of a-glucosidase in the gastrointestinal tract. Keywords: Coriandrum sativum; a-glucosidase inhibition; antihyperglycaemic; diabetes

1. Introduction Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae), also known as coriander, cilantro, Arab/Chinese parsley, Dhania and Yuen sai, is an annual herb commonly used in medicine and cuisine in Middle East, Latin America, Africa and Asia (Sahib et al. 2013). Pharmacological studies have demonstrated hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antimicrobial, diuretic and cognition improvement activities in experimental animals (Jabeen et al. 2009; Sreelatha & Inbavalli 2012; Sahib et al. 2013). Postprandial hyperglycaemia is a phenomenon often neglected by patients as well as by physicians. It is, however, undeniable that the postprandial glycaemic excursion plays an important role in total hyperglycaemia, reflected by an increase in glycated haemoglobin (Slama et al. 2006). So, the search for treatment options such as a-glucosidase inhibitors is important, and the medicinal plants used worldwide in folk medicine, are essential sources of this search. (Mata et al. 2013; Sahib et al. 2013). In this study, in vivo and in vitro analyses were performed to examine the antihyperglycaemic effect of an aqueous extract of C. sativum, and its main

*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] q 2014 Taylor & Francis

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flavonoid identified, rutin (Barros et al. 2012), exploring their capability to inhibit a-glucosidase activity. 2. Results and discussion The effect of the aqueous extract from the aerial parts of C. sativum on sucrose tolerance is presented in Figure 1. The crude extract exhibited antihyperglycaemic effect by the inhibition of postprandial peak in a significant and dose-dependent manner. This effect remained until the end of the experiment at the dosage of 300 mg/kg; while efficacy produced in the presence of 500 mg/kg of C. sativum was not different from that obtained with the positive control acarbose. The presence of rutin was confirmed as an active metabolite, given that this flavonoid (at 50 mg/kg dosage) produced significant difference in the percentage of variation in glycaemia, compared with the control (Figure 2). Considering the total temporal course curve of acarbose, it results more efficacious than dosages of C. sativum and rutin (Figures 1 and 2). It is important to notice that the inhibition exerted by rutin on postprandial peak was half of that of the vehicle alone (Figure 2). Several studies confirm the diuretic, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties of extracts from seeds and leaves of this plant (Aissaoui et al. 2008; Eidi et al. 2009; Sreelatha & Inbavalli 2012); these studies also show that the hypoglycaemic effect of leaf’ extracts is lower than the effect of seed’ extracts. However, others did not find a significant decrease in glycaemia using the extract of leaf and stem (Jelodar et al. 2007). Our results are in agreement with this, since no significant change was observed in values of glycaemia between the control group and the treated groups during the five hours of testing (in mg/dL: t ¼ 0 h, vehicle 104, extract 94.7, rutin 98.5 vs. t ¼ 5 h, vehicle 93.7, extract 85, rutin 85). The results support that both the extract and rutin do not exhibit a hypoglycaemic effect; the same trend was observed in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) groups, i.e. C. sativum extract (300 mg/kg) or rutin (50 mg/kg) did not inhibit the postprandial peak (in mg/dL: t ¼ 15 min, vehicle 123, extract 106, rutin 133 vs. t ¼ 2 h, vehicle 87, extract 88, rutin 80), or did not show any trend in the OGTT, as observed with rats receiving glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), where it decreased blood glucose (t ¼ 15 min 106 mg/dL vs. t ¼ 2 h 50 mg/dL). This suggests that the aerial parts of C. sativum extract might not involve

Figure 1. Effect of aqueous extract of coriander on glycaemia of rats in oral sucrose tolerance test.

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Figure 2. Effect of rutin on glycaemia of rats in oral sucrose tolerance test.

hypoglycaemic mechanisms, such as insulin release or an alteration in glucose uptake that result in low glycaemia during acute test and OGTT (Eidi et al. 2009). Similar results were obtained with the flavonoid rutin, the main polyphenol in the aqueous extract of C. sativum (Barros et al. 2012), being a hypoglycaemic metabolite acting via calcium-induced GLUT-4 translocation in skeletal muscle (Kappel et al. 2013). It is important to mention that the antihyperglycaemic properties of C. sativum extract have not been described; however, rutin has already been reported as an a-glucosidase inhibitor (Qin Li et al. 2009; Adisakwattana et al. 2011; Mata et al. 2013). In vitro assays established the

Figure 3. Lineweaver – Burk plots of a-glucosidase inhibition by extract of C. sativum.

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involvement of a-glucosidase in the effect of C. sativum, given that its aqueous extract produced a competitive inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme with a low Ki (2.18 mg/mL) and an IC50 of 1.63 mg/mL (Figure 3). It is important to point out that while achieving the antihyperglycaemic effect of C. sativum, owing to the presence of the flavonoid rutin in the extract, no hypoglycaemia already reported for the species and for rutin was observed (Jadhav & Puchchakayala 2012; Sreelatha & Inbavalli 2012); this led us to suppose that different active compounds are participating in the activity of the C. sativum extract; some of them are rutin metabolites (Yang et al. 2012). In fact, it is known that glycosides or aglycones can act in different ways (Pereira et al. 2011), due to differences in the bioavailability of each metabolite (Andlauer et al. 2001), that can influence their activity, i.e. to produce hypoglycaemia the active metabolite must be completely bioavailable, as has been shown for rutin in an isolated skeletal muscle preparation (Kappel et al. 2013), whereas to generate an antihyperglycaemic action, it is not necessary for a compound to be absorbed, since the a-glucosidase enzymes are located in the brush-border cells of the intestine. 3. Conclusions This study validates the antidiabetic use of C. sativum in traditional medicine, in a different way: our data reinforce the participation of rutin, as well as evidenced a-glucosidase inhibition in its antihyperglycaemic effect. Nevertheless, the precise molecular and cellular mechanism(s) responsible for the antihyperglycaemic activity remains to be elucidated. Supplementary material Supplementary material relating to this article is available online. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from PAPIIT, DGAPA, UNAM (IN214812) and INMEGEN (06/2012/l). F. Brindis acknowledges the postdoctoral fellowship awarded by DGAPA-UNAM. RVM is a Visiting Professor at UACJ, supported by a fellowship from DGAPA-UNAM.

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Postprandial glycaemia and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by aqueous extract from Coriandrum sativum.

The antihyperglycaemic properties of the aqueous extract from the leaves and stems of Coriandrum sativum L. were evaluated in normoglycaemic rats, and...
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