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The Journal of Social Psychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vsoc20
Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism among Batswana Adolescents Muhammad Maqsud
a
a
Department of Foundations of Education , University of Bophuthatswana , Southern Africa Published online: 01 Jul 2010.
To cite this article: Muhammad Maqsud (1992) Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism among Batswana Adolescents, The Journal of Social Psychology, 132:2, 275-276, DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1992.9922982 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1992.9922982
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
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The Journal of Social Psychology, 132(2), 275-276
Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism Among Batswana Adolescents MUHAMMAD MAQSUD Department of Foundations ofEducation University of Bophuthatswana, Southern Africa CLASSIFYING PEOPLE into certain types has remained the focus of some personality theorists. Among them, Eysenck and Eysenck (1975) contended that all personality traits can be reduced to three dimensions: psychoticism (P), extraversion-introversion (E), and neuroticism (N). To explain the nature of these traits, Eysenck and Eysenck held (a) that a high P scorer is toughminded, troublesome, cruel, and inhumane, whereas the typical neurotic is anxious, nervous, and worrying, and (b) that the typical extravert is sociable, outgoing, and cheerful, whereas the introvert is quiet, retiring, and fond of books rather than people. Eysenck and Eysenck (1985) suggested that genetic factors contribute more to individual differences in personality than do environmental ones. Eysenck and Eysenck (1975) constructed two personality questionnaires, one for children and the other for adults. Wilson and Lynn (1990) recently administered the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) to primary and secondary school students in the Republic of Ireland and reported significant sex differences in psychoticism and neuroticism; these sex differences and the mean P, E, and N scores for Irish children were generally in agreement with the data reported by Eysenck and Eysenck (1975). The goals of the present study were to (a) examine sex differences in P, E, and N scores of 15-year-01d students in Bophuthatswana and (b) compare their mean scores with the European normative data. The JEPQ was translated into Setswana, the native language of the subjects, and it was administered to a randomly selected sample (101 boys, 148 girls) of 15-year-01d adolescents belonging to the Batswana ethnic group and studying in three middle schools in Bophuthatswana. Address correspondence to Muhammad Maqsud, Department ofFoundations ofEducation, School of Education, University of Bophuthatswana, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 8681, Southern Africa. 275
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Significant sex differences were found only for N scores, t(247) = 5.24, P < .001; female subjects tended to be higher in neuroticism. The mean P (boys, M = 3.62, SD = 1.89; girls, M = 3.12, SD = 1.93), E (boys, M = 15.59, SD = 3.41; girls, M = 14.98, SD = 3.76), and N (boys, M = 7.21, SD = 3.11; girls, M = 9.47, SD = 3.33) scores for the Batswana 15-yearolds were compared with the mean P (boys, M = 4.87, SD = 3.25; girls, M = 2.75, SD = 2.25), E (boys, M = 18.95, SD = 3.91; girls, M = 18.64, SD = 3.59), and N (boys, M = 9.75, SD = 4.86; girls, M = 12.12, SD = 4.69) scores of their 148 male and 118 female English counterparts (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). The scores of Batswana adolescents were significantly lower than those of the English ones in (a) extraversion, t(247) = 7. 19, P < .001, for boys, and t(264) = 8.09, P < .001, for girls, and (b) neuroticism, t(247) = 5.36,p < .001, for boys, and t(264) = 5.18,p < .001, for girls. Contrary to the Eysencks' emphasis on the influence of heredity on E and N, the results of this study indirectly suggest that learning experiences and societal expectations significantly contribute to individual differences in personality. Although sex differences and individual variations in the P, E, and N scores for a sample from a population may be partially accounted for by genetic factors, significant differences between populations from European and African societies cannot be confidently attributed only to genetic effects. A fair percentage of the variance is likely to be environmentally and culturally determined. REFERENCES Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (junior and adult). London: Hodder & Stoughton. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum Press. Wilson, R. G., & Lynn, R. (1990). Personality, intelligence components, and foreign language attainment. Educational Psychology, 10, 57-71.
Received May 3, 1991
The Journal of Social Psychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vsoc20
Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism among Batswana Adolescents Muhammad Maqsud
a
a
Department of Foundations of Education , University of Bophuthatswana , Southern Africa Published online: 01 Jul 2010.
To cite this article: Muhammad Maqsud (1992) Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism among Batswana Adolescents, The Journal of Social Psychology, 132:2, 275-276, DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1992.9922982 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1992.9922982
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Downloaded by [Memorial University of Newfoundland] at 14:35 05 October 2014
Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/ page/terms-and-conditions
Downloaded by [Memorial University of Newfoundland] at 14:35 05 October 2014
The Journal of Social Psychology, 132(2), 275-276
Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism Among Batswana Adolescents MUHAMMAD MAQSUD Department of Foundations ofEducation University of Bophuthatswana, Southern Africa CLASSIFYING PEOPLE into certain types has remained the focus of some personality theorists. Among them, Eysenck and Eysenck (1975) contended that all personality traits can be reduced to three dimensions: psychoticism (P), extraversion-introversion (E), and neuroticism (N). To explain the nature of these traits, Eysenck and Eysenck held (a) that a high P scorer is toughminded, troublesome, cruel, and inhumane, whereas the typical neurotic is anxious, nervous, and worrying, and (b) that the typical extravert is sociable, outgoing, and cheerful, whereas the introvert is quiet, retiring, and fond of books rather than people. Eysenck and Eysenck (1985) suggested that genetic factors contribute more to individual differences in personality than do environmental ones. Eysenck and Eysenck (1975) constructed two personality questionnaires, one for children and the other for adults. Wilson and Lynn (1990) recently administered the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) to primary and secondary school students in the Republic of Ireland and reported significant sex differences in psychoticism and neuroticism; these sex differences and the mean P, E, and N scores for Irish children were generally in agreement with the data reported by Eysenck and Eysenck (1975). The goals of the present study were to (a) examine sex differences in P, E, and N scores of 15-year-01d students in Bophuthatswana and (b) compare their mean scores with the European normative data. The JEPQ was translated into Setswana, the native language of the subjects, and it was administered to a randomly selected sample (101 boys, 148 girls) of 15-year-01d adolescents belonging to the Batswana ethnic group and studying in three middle schools in Bophuthatswana. Address correspondence to Muhammad Maqsud, Department ofFoundations ofEducation, School of Education, University of Bophuthatswana, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 8681, Southern Africa. 275
Downloaded by [Memorial University of Newfoundland] at 14:35 05 October 2014
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The Journal of Social Psychology
Significant sex differences were found only for N scores, t(247) = 5.24, P < .001; female subjects tended to be higher in neuroticism. The mean P (boys, M = 3.62, SD = 1.89; girls, M = 3.12, SD = 1.93), E (boys, M = 15.59, SD = 3.41; girls, M = 14.98, SD = 3.76), and N (boys, M = 7.21, SD = 3.11; girls, M = 9.47, SD = 3.33) scores for the Batswana 15-yearolds were compared with the mean P (boys, M = 4.87, SD = 3.25; girls, M = 2.75, SD = 2.25), E (boys, M = 18.95, SD = 3.91; girls, M = 18.64, SD = 3.59), and N (boys, M = 9.75, SD = 4.86; girls, M = 12.12, SD = 4.69) scores of their 148 male and 118 female English counterparts (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). The scores of Batswana adolescents were significantly lower than those of the English ones in (a) extraversion, t(247) = 7. 19, P < .001, for boys, and t(264) = 8.09, P < .001, for girls, and (b) neuroticism, t(247) = 5.36,p < .001, for boys, and t(264) = 5.18,p < .001, for girls. Contrary to the Eysencks' emphasis on the influence of heredity on E and N, the results of this study indirectly suggest that learning experiences and societal expectations significantly contribute to individual differences in personality. Although sex differences and individual variations in the P, E, and N scores for a sample from a population may be partially accounted for by genetic factors, significant differences between populations from European and African societies cannot be confidently attributed only to genetic effects. A fair percentage of the variance is likely to be environmentally and culturally determined. REFERENCES Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (junior and adult). London: Hodder & Stoughton. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum Press. Wilson, R. G., & Lynn, R. (1990). Personality, intelligence components, and foreign language attainment. Educational Psychology, 10, 57-71.
Received May 3, 1991
