FROM THE DEPARTMENTS OF PERIODONTOLOGY AND ODONTOLOGIC ROENTGENOLOGY, SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY, KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET, S-103 64 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.
QUANTITATIVE LONG-TERM DETERMINATIONS OF THE ALVEOLAR BONE MINERAL MASS IN MAN BY 1251 ABSORPTIOMETRY Ill. Effect of experimental dental plaque formation J.
BERGSTROM
and C. O.
HENRIKSON
Dental plaque as a cause of gingivitis is well known and generally accepted. Gingivitis can be induced by avoiding oral hygiene (LOE et colI. 1965). The subsequent penetration of the inflammatory process through the gingival mucosa will cause changes of the underlying supporting periodontal tissues. These changes may give a resorption of the alveolar bone. A method using the isotope 125 1 has been shown to be suitable for measuring the mineral content of thin bone in vivo (HENRIKSON 1967) and has previously been used for measurements of changes in alveolar bone following periodontal surgery (BERGSTROM & HENRIKSON 1970, 1974). The technique has been further developed by HENRIKSON & JULIN (1971) and the precision of the method as used under optimum operational circumstances, i.e. on young people with healthy periodontia and a complete dentition has been analysed by HENRIKSON & BERGSTROM (1974). The aim of the present work was to induce a marginal gingivitis by allowing plaque material to accumulate on tooth surfaces for a period of three weeks and to determine This investigation was supported by a grant from the Swedish Medical Research Council, No. B-73-24x-2787-04C. Submitted for publication 22 February 1974. 17 - 755835 Acta Radiologica Diagnosis Vol. 16 (1975)
Downloaded from acr.sagepub.com at UNIV TORONTO on July 21, 2015
257
258
J.
BERGSTROM AND
C.
O. HENRIKSON
the effect of this gingivitis, if any, on the mineral mass of the subjacent alveolar bone. The data refer to measurements of the mineral mass as it is reflected in one interdental bone septum. Besides, fluctuations of the labio-1ingual transverse thickness of the alveolar tissues in that region were recorded.
The material consists of 13 students at the Dental School, 4 female and 9 male, aged 22 to 28 years. All oral hygiene measures were refrained from during a period of 20 days. Before this period dental plaque and calculus, if present, were removed in order to establish good gingival health. When this was achieved (with gingival index defined as 0) two recordings of the bone mineral mass within one week were made immediately before the experiment started, 01 and O2 , Following the start of the 20-day period the mineral mass of the interdental alveolar bone and transverse thickness of the alveolar process were recorded at 20 and 100 days. Plaque and condition of the gingiva were recorded on days 5, 10 and 20. At the end of the period oral hygiene was reinstituted.
Methods Recording of plaque. The amount of plaque present on tooth surfaces was recorded following a scale 0-3 according to the index method of SILNESS & LOE (1964). All surfaces of all teeth were recorded. Recording of gingivitis. The inflammatory changes of the marginal gingiva were classified according to the clinical index method described by LOE & SILNESS (1963). The marginal gingiva adjacent to all surfaces of all teeth was assigned a score from 0-3. The clinical recordings were performed by the same observer (J. B.) throughout the observation period. Recording of bone mineral mass and of transverse thickness. The apparatus used for measurements of the mineral mass of the alveolar bone has been described by HENRIKSON (1967), HENRIKSON & JULIN (1971), and in Part I of this investigation (HENRIKSON & BERGSTROM 1974). For analysis of the accuracy and precision of the method for bone mass measurements the reader is referred to Part 1. No correction for the 'shorter wave length' of the radiation was made.
Results The amount of plaque accumulated on tooth surfaces during the 20-day period appears in the Figure. At the end of the period the plaque index based on all tooth surfaces for the total material was 2.05 ± 0.33 (M + SD). This is a significant increase (p
QUANTITATIVE LONG-TERM DETERMINATIONS OF THE ALVEOLAR BONE MINERAL MASS IN MAN BY 1251 ABSORPTIOMETRY Ill. Effect of experimental dental plaque formation J.
BERGSTROM
and C. O.
HENRIKSON
Dental plaque as a cause of gingivitis is well known and generally accepted. Gingivitis can be induced by avoiding oral hygiene (LOE et colI. 1965). The subsequent penetration of the inflammatory process through the gingival mucosa will cause changes of the underlying supporting periodontal tissues. These changes may give a resorption of the alveolar bone. A method using the isotope 125 1 has been shown to be suitable for measuring the mineral content of thin bone in vivo (HENRIKSON 1967) and has previously been used for measurements of changes in alveolar bone following periodontal surgery (BERGSTROM & HENRIKSON 1970, 1974). The technique has been further developed by HENRIKSON & JULIN (1971) and the precision of the method as used under optimum operational circumstances, i.e. on young people with healthy periodontia and a complete dentition has been analysed by HENRIKSON & BERGSTROM (1974). The aim of the present work was to induce a marginal gingivitis by allowing plaque material to accumulate on tooth surfaces for a period of three weeks and to determine This investigation was supported by a grant from the Swedish Medical Research Council, No. B-73-24x-2787-04C. Submitted for publication 22 February 1974. 17 - 755835 Acta Radiologica Diagnosis Vol. 16 (1975)
Downloaded from acr.sagepub.com at UNIV TORONTO on July 21, 2015
257
258
J.
BERGSTROM AND
C.
O. HENRIKSON
the effect of this gingivitis, if any, on the mineral mass of the subjacent alveolar bone. The data refer to measurements of the mineral mass as it is reflected in one interdental bone septum. Besides, fluctuations of the labio-1ingual transverse thickness of the alveolar tissues in that region were recorded.
The material consists of 13 students at the Dental School, 4 female and 9 male, aged 22 to 28 years. All oral hygiene measures were refrained from during a period of 20 days. Before this period dental plaque and calculus, if present, were removed in order to establish good gingival health. When this was achieved (with gingival index defined as 0) two recordings of the bone mineral mass within one week were made immediately before the experiment started, 01 and O2 , Following the start of the 20-day period the mineral mass of the interdental alveolar bone and transverse thickness of the alveolar process were recorded at 20 and 100 days. Plaque and condition of the gingiva were recorded on days 5, 10 and 20. At the end of the period oral hygiene was reinstituted.
Methods Recording of plaque. The amount of plaque present on tooth surfaces was recorded following a scale 0-3 according to the index method of SILNESS & LOE (1964). All surfaces of all teeth were recorded. Recording of gingivitis. The inflammatory changes of the marginal gingiva were classified according to the clinical index method described by LOE & SILNESS (1963). The marginal gingiva adjacent to all surfaces of all teeth was assigned a score from 0-3. The clinical recordings were performed by the same observer (J. B.) throughout the observation period. Recording of bone mineral mass and of transverse thickness. The apparatus used for measurements of the mineral mass of the alveolar bone has been described by HENRIKSON (1967), HENRIKSON & JULIN (1971), and in Part I of this investigation (HENRIKSON & BERGSTROM 1974). For analysis of the accuracy and precision of the method for bone mass measurements the reader is referred to Part 1. No correction for the 'shorter wave length' of the radiation was made.
Results The amount of plaque accumulated on tooth surfaces during the 20-day period appears in the Figure. At the end of the period the plaque index based on all tooth surfaces for the total material was 2.05 ± 0.33 (M + SD). This is a significant increase (p
